一.產品介紹
大櫻(ying)桃是北方落葉果(guo)樹中春季最早的果(guo)品(pin)(pin)。素有(you)“春果(guo)第一枝”的美(mei)(mei)(mei)稱。系綠(lv)色(se)食品(pin)(pin),無藥物(wu)侵害,味(wei)美(mei)(mei)(mei)可(ke)口,營養豐富,被(bei)譽為"水果(guo)之冠"。大櫻(ying)桃果(guo)實色(se)澤鮮艷,晶瑩美(mei)(mei)(mei)麗,肉質(zhi)細軟,酸(suan)甜可(ke)口,外觀和(he)內(nei)在品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)俱佳,而(er)且含有(you)大量人體必(bi)需的營養成分(每100克(ke)(ke)果(guo)肉含糖8~10克(ke)(ke),還(huan)含有(you)維(wei)生素c、磷、鐵、鈣(gai)、酒(jiu)石酸(suan)等物(wu)質(zhi)),被(bei)譽為“果(guo)中珍(zhen)品(pin)(pin)”,具(ju)有(you)極(ji)高的經濟和(he)營養價(jia)值,美(mei)(mei)(mei)國人稱大櫻(ying)桃為“寶石水果(guo)”,稱大櫻(ying)桃種(zhong)植業(ye)為“黃金種(zhong)植業(ye)”。
二.自然生(sheng)態(tai)環境和人文歷史因(yin)素(su)
氣(qi)(qi)候屬(shu)(shu)暖(nuan)溫帶(dai)(dai)海(hai)洋性(xing)季(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候,春(3~5月(yue)(yue))、夏(xia)(6~8月(yue)(yue))、秋(9~11月(yue)(yue))、冬(dong)(12~2月(yue)(yue))四(si)季(ji)(ji)分明(ming)(ming)(ming)。海(hai)洋性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)候,冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)帶(dai)(dai)有(you)大(da)(da)陸(lu)性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)候特(te)征(zheng)。境內(nei)全年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)多風(feng)(feng),以偏(pian)東風(feng)(feng)為主。光照(zhao)(zhao)充足。贛榆年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫13.2℃,無霜(shuang)期214 天,全年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)日(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)2532.9小(xiao)時,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)雨(yu)量976.4毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)。冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)盛行(xing)來(lai)自(zi)高(gao)緯(wei)度(du)(du)(du)大(da)(da)陸(lu)內(nei)部(bu)偏(pian)北風(feng)(feng),氣(qi)(qi)候寒(han)(han)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)干(gan)燥;夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)盛行(xing)來(lai)自(zi)低緯(wei)度(du)(du)(du)太平(ping)洋的偏(pian)南北,氣(qi)(qi)候炎熱(re)多雨(yu),形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)了寒(han)(han)暑變(bian)化顯著、四(si)季(ji)(ji)分明(ming)(ming)(ming)的氣(qi)(qi)候特(te)征(zheng)。 使用“謝(xie)湖(hu)”大(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)桃農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品地理(li)標志(zhi)的產(chan)(chan)地,自(zi)然環境處于溫帶(dai)(dai)海(hai)洋性(xing)季(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候,伴有(you)局部(bu)山(shan)區(qu)小(xiao)氣(qi)(qi)候,四(si)季(ji)(ji)分明(ming)(ming)(ming),雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)充沛,日(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)充足,降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)920mm,集中(zhong)分布在(zai)(zai)6—8月(yue)(yue)份,占(zhan)全年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)總(zong)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量的60%左(zuo)右(you),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫12℃,一(yi)月(yue)(yue)份最(zui)冷(leng)(leng)(leng),月(yue)(yue)平(ping)均(jun)-1℃,極端(duan)最(zui)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)-10.4℃,7月(yue)(yue)份最(zui)熱(re),平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫26.5℃,極端(duan)最(zui)高(gao)37.8℃,形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)了冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)寒(han)(han)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)干(gan)燥、夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)炎熱(re)多雨(yu),寒(han)(han)暑變(bian)化顯著,四(si)季(ji)(ji)分明(ming)(ming)(ming)的氣(qi)(qi)候特(te)征(zheng)。無霜(shuang)期年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)206天,≥10℃的活動積(ji)(ji)溫4874℃,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)太陽總(zong)輻射125.5千卡/平(ping)方(fang)毫(hao)米(mi)(mi),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)日(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)時數為2409小(xiao)時,是(shi)我省日(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)最(zui)長地區(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi),雨(yu)熱(re)同期,災害性(xing)天氣(qi)(qi)極少,有(you)利(li)于作物(wu)的生長,是(shi)提(ti)高(gao)土(tu)(tu)地生產(chan)(chan)率的良(liang)好氣(qi)(qi)候資(zi)源。土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)為淺黃色沙(sha)土(tu)(tu),土(tu)(tu)體(ti)深厚,土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)松軟。自(zi)然環境好,與大(da)(da)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)基本農(nong)(nong)田相(xiang)距較遠,沒有(you)農(nong)(nong)藥化肥等因素的侵染,加之(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)源主要來(lai)自(zi)居(ju)民食用水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)和(he)(he)活水(shui)(shui)河流,上下游均(jun)無污染。根據(ju)多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)生產(chan)(chan)實踐(jian)經驗分析,特(te)別是(shi)適(shi)宜(yi)大(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)桃大(da)(da)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)推廣。 “謝(xie)湖(hu)”大(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)桃的產(chan)(chan)地屬(shu)(shu)丘陵山(shan)區(qu),三面(mian)(mian)環山(shan),一(yi)面(mian)(mian)環水(shui)(shui),境內(nei)大(da)(da)小(xiao)山(shan)頭8座,高(gao)度(du)(du)(du)在(zai)(zai)海(hai)拔30—222.5米(mi)(mi),相(xiang)對高(gao)差60—192米(mi)(mi),在(zai)(zai)地形(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)山(shan)系上,它屬(shu)(shu)沂蒙(meng)山(shan)區(qu)南延部(bu)分,地面(mian)(mian)坡(po)度(du)(du)(du)<8°的有(you)30280畝(mu),占(zhan)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的65.1%,8°—15°的有(you)13405畝(mu),占(zhan)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的28.8%,>15°的有(you)2941畝(mu),占(zhan)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的6.3%。 土(tu)(tu)壤類型有(you)棕壤、嶺(ling)沙(sha)土(tu)(tu)、砂壤和(he)(he)部(bu)分粘土(tu)(tu)、包漿土(tu)(tu)、礪質(zhi)土(tu)(tu),土(tu)(tu)層厚度(du)(du)(du)一(yi)般在(zai)(zai)0.8—1.5米(mi)(mi)之(zhi)(zhi)間。據(ju)土(tu)(tu)壤普查資(zi)料(liao)分析,項目(mu)區(qu)內(nei)土(tu)(tu)壤養分偏(pian)低,有(you)機質(zhi)含(han)量0.8%—1.38%,速效磷11PPm,速效鉀(jia)含(han)量53 PPm,有(you)效磷、鉀(jia)極缺,PH5.6—6.7。
三.地域范圍
“謝(xie)湖(hu)”大櫻桃(tao)農(nong)產品地(di)理(li)標志地(di)域(yu)保護(hu)范圍為:厲莊鎮域(yu)以北謝(xie)湖(hu)村馬山,西至二龍山,南(nan)至龍泉山,東至八(ba)條路水庫,北至譚湖(hu)村南(nan),總面積1020公(gong)頃。“謝(xie)湖(hu)”大櫻桃(tao)地(di)理(li)坐標如(ru)下(xia): 中心點: 1190 00′ 32″ 350 02′ 17″ 1190 02′ 12″ 350 01′ 21″ 1190 01′ 43″ 350 03′ 08″ 1180 59′ 20″ 350 01′ 21″ 1180 57′ 37″ 350 01′ 14″
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特性特征
果(guo)(guo)實個大(da)而整齊(qi),果(guo)(guo)柄短粗,果(guo)(guo)面紫紅(hong)、紅(hong)、黃紅(hong)色,色澤鮮艷(yan),晶瑩剔透,肉質脆,肥厚多(duo)汁(zhi),核小,風味(wei)酸甜(tian)爽口。櫻桃(tao)(tao)屬于(yu)薔薇科落(luo)葉喬木果(guo)(guo)樹(shu)。醫療保(bao)健價值頗(po)高,又(you)有“含(han)桃(tao)(tao)”的別稱。大(da)櫻桃(tao)(tao)是我(wo)國(guo)北方落(luo)葉果(guo)(guo)樹(shu)中繼中國(guo)櫻桃(tao)(tao)之后果(guo)(guo)實成熟(shu)最(zui)早的果(guo)(guo)樹(shu)樹(shu)種。因此,早有“春果(guo)(guo)第(di)一枝”的美譽。每00克含(han)水分(fen)≤8克,蛋白質≥.4克,脂肪≤0.克,可(ke)溶(rong)性固形物(wu)≥5克,灰分(fen)≤0.5克,維生(sheng)素(su)C≥mg,可(ke)滴定(ding)酸≤克。
五.特(te)定生產方式(shi)
所需建園苗木(mu)均(jun)為(wei)二(er)年生(sheng)(砧(zhen)木(mu))嫁接苗木(mu),根莖粗(cu)度0.8cm以(yi)上,苗高80cm以(yi)上,無病蟲及植物檢疫對象(xiang),優(you)質(zhi)、良種壯(zhuang)苗。砧(zhen)木(mu)要(yao)求從(cong)優(you)良樹種實生(sheng)單株(zhu)上采集充分(fen)成熟的果實并(bing)經后熟(沙(sha)藏(zang))處理(li)。選擇用中國櫻桃(tao)或(huo)山櫻桃(tao)。