一.產品介紹
湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)作為我國優良地(di)方良種太湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)鵝(e)(e)(e)原產(chan)地(di)之一,在(zai)當(dang)地(di)有(you)(you)(you)著悠久(jiu)的養殖歷(li)史(shi),據《湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)府(fu)志(zhi)(zhi)》禽(qin)之屬中(zhong)記(ji)(ji)載(zai)(zai)在(zai)公元前350年(nian)左右(you)就有(you)(you)(you)養殖,同期的《武康劉志(zhi)(zhi)》也(ye)(ye)有(you)(you)(you)關于太湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)鵝(e)(e)(e)用作夜間防盜的記(ji)(ji)載(zai)(zai)。可見早在(zai)1600年(nian)前太湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)鵝(e)(e)(e)已經融入湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民的生活(huo)。隨著時間的推移太湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)鵝(e)(e)(e)也(ye)(ye)成(cheng)為了(le)當(dang)地(di)人(ren)(ren)(ren)們生活(huo)不可或缺的物品,更是人(ren)(ren)(ren)們禮尚往來(lai)的佳品,具明嘉靖(jing)《湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)縣(xian)志(zhi)(zhi)》記(ji)(ji)載(zai)(zai),明朝時湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)已有(you)(you)(you)將(jiang)鵝(e)(e)(e)翎列為貢賦(fu)歷(li)史(shi)。此(ci)外(wai)由于湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)太湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)鵝(e)(e)(e)的優雅的外(wai)形(xing)也(ye)(ye)吸(xi)引了(le)當(dang)地(di)很多文(wen)人(ren)(ren)(ren)志(zhi)(zhi)士喜(xi)愛(ai)。史(shi)料(liao)記(ji)(ji)載(zai)(zai)晉代(dai)大書法家王(wang)羲之、王(wang)獻之父子于東(dong)晉永(yong)和四(si)年(nian)末(mo)至(zhi)永(yong)和七年(nian)初(348—351)任吳興太守(今湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市),特別喜(xi)愛(ai)書法和白(bai)鵝(e)(e)(e),有(you)(you)(you)“羲之愛(ai)鵝(e)(e)(e)”說法,并且被(bei)后人(ren)(ren)(ren)傳為佳話。正(zheng)因湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)太湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)鵝(e)(e)(e)獨到的人(ren)(ren)(ren)文(wen)歷(li)史(shi),太湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)鵝(e)(e)(e)的飼養規模(mo)也(ye)(ye)逐步擴大,并成(cheng)為了(le)當(dang)地(di)的特色(se)農產(chan)品。
二(er).自然生態環境和人文歷(li)史因素
(1)地(di)貌情(qing)況:湖(hu)州(zhou)市處于浙江北(bei)部,太(tai)(tai)湖(hu)南岸,緊鄰江蘇(su)、安徽兩(liang)省。現轄德清、長(chang)興(xing)、安吉三(san)縣和南潯(xun)、吳興(xing)兩(liang)區,東部為(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)鄉平(ping)(ping)原(yuan),西部以山(shan)(shan)地(di)、丘陵為(wei)主,俗稱(cheng)“五山(shan)(shan)一水(shui)(shui)(shui)四分(fen)田”。全市地(di)勢大(da)致由西南向(xiang)東北(bei)傾斜,西部多山(shan)(shan),最高峰龍王山(shan)(shan)海(hai)(hai)拔1587米(mi)。東部為(wei)平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)網(wang)區,平(ping)(ping)均海(hai)(hai)拔僅(jin)3米(mi)左(zuo)右(you)。有(you)(you)東苕溪(xi)(xi)、西苕溪(xi)(xi)等(deng)眾多河流。本市屬亞熱帶濕潤季風(feng)氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)。 湖(hu)州(zhou)太(tai)(tai)湖(hu)鵝主要分(fen)布(bu)在水(shui)(shui)(shui)網(wang)平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)地(di)區,具有(you)(you)豐(feng)富的飼(si)(si)草資源,是個優越的養鵝區域。(2)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源條件(jian)(jian):湖(hu)州(zhou)市水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源十分(fen)豐(feng)富,境(jing)內(nei)主要河流有(you)(you)西苕溪(xi)(xi)、東苕溪(xi)(xi)中(zhong)下游(you)、塘、雙林塘、泗安塘等(deng);境(jing)邊南接(jie)東苕溪(xi)(xi)上游(you),北(bei)瀕太(tai)(tai)湖(hu),東聯(lian)大(da)運(yun)河及黃(huang)浦江。平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)河網(wang)湖(hu)蕩(dang)密(mi)布(bu),山(shan)(shan)區建有(you)(you)山(shan)(shan)塘水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫,庫容(rong)10立方(fang)以上水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫149座。域內(nei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)面(mian)積536平(ping)(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li),河道密(mi)度約2.6-3.8公(gong)里(li)/平(ping)(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li)。豐(feng)富、優質的水(shui)(shui)(shui)源,為(wei)湖(hu)州(zhou)太(tai)(tai)湖(hu)鵝飼(si)(si)養提供良(liang)好的自然(ran)環境(jing)。 (3)氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)情(qing)況:湖(hu)州(zhou)市地(di)處北(bei)亞熱帶季風(feng)氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)區。四季分(fen)明,雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)充沛,氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)溫(wen)和。這一氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)條件(jian)(jian)非常(chang)符合(he)湖(hu)州(zhou)太(tai)(tai)湖(hu)鵝的生(sheng)活特性(xing)和生(sheng)產需要,也有(you)(you)利于飼(si)(si)料作物生(sheng)長(chang)。
三.地域范圍
湖(hu)州(zhou)太(tai)湖(hu)鵝產地為湖(hu)州(zhou)市域(yu)全境。包括(kuo):吳興和(he)南潯2個市轄區和(he)德(de)清(qing)、長興、安吉3個縣,共34個鎮和(he)5個鄉。位于(yu)東經(jing)119度14分(fen)至120度29分(fen)、北緯30度22分(fen)至31度11分(fen)之(zhi)間,東西長126公里(li)(li),南北寬90公里(li)(li)范圍內。2011年保護區飼(si)養規模105萬羽,產量約(yue)3675噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
(1)體型外(wai)(wai)貌(mao) 體態高昂(ang),體質細(xi)(xi)致緊湊(cou),全身羽毛緊貼。肉(rou)瘤圓(yuan)而光滑(hua),無皺褶。頸細(xi)(xi)長呈弓形,無咽(yan)袋(dai)。從外(wai)(wai)表看,公(gong)母差(cha)異(yi)不(bu)(bu)大(da),公(gong)鵝(e)體型較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高大(da)雄偉,常昂(ang)首挺胸展翅行走(zou),叫聲宏亮(liang),喜追逐啄人;母鵝(e)性情溫馴(xun),叫聲較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)低,肉(rou)瘤較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)公(gong)鵝(e)小,喙(hui)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)短。全身羽毛潔白(bai)(bai),偶在眼梢、頭頂、腰背部(bu)有(you)少量灰褐色(se)(se)斑點;喙(hui)、脛、蹼(pu)(pu)均橘(ju)紅(hong)色(se)(se),喙(hui)端色(se)(se)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)淡(dan),爪白(bai)(bai)色(se)(se);眼瞼淡(dan)黃(huang)(huang)色(se)(se),肉(rou)瘤淡(dan)姜黃(huang)(huang)色(se)(se)。雛(chu)鵝(e)全身乳黃(huang)(huang)色(se)(se),喙(hui)、脛、蹼(pu)(pu)橘(ju)黃(huang)(huang)色(se)(se)。(2)胴體感官(guan)特征: 湖州太(tai)(tai)湖鵝(e)品質優異(yi),風格獨特。湖州太(tai)(tai)湖鵝(e)屠宰后,胴體美觀。 整個(ge)胴體均稱、光凈(jing),肌(ji)肉(rou)豐滿(man),腹(fu)部(bu)小而不(bu)(bu)下垂,皮(pi)膚緊湊(cou),有(you)彈性、光澤(ze),呈肉(rou)白(bai)(bai)色(se)(se),喙(hui)、蹠、蹼(pu)(pu)部(bu)呈橘(ju)紅(hong)色(se)(se)。分(fen)割胴體,肌(ji)肉(rou)光澤(ze),色(se)(se)澤(ze)鮮艷,脂(zhi)肪分(fen)布均勻,呈淡(dan)黃(huang)(huang)色(se)(se)。(3)湖州太(tai)(tai)湖鵝(e)與其(qi)他地(di)域太(tai)(tai)湖鵝(e)生產性能指(zhi)標比較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)
五(wu).特定(ding)生產方式(shi)
(1)環(huan)(huan)境與(yu)(yu)設(she)施(shi) 鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)場(chang)(chang)(chang)要求(qiu)遠(yuan)離(li)(li)污(wu)(wu)染源,距(ju)離(li)(li)公路、村莊等(deng)500米(mi)以上(shang)(shang),場(chang)(chang)(chang)址選擇要求(qiu)地勢高,且干燥,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)區與(yu)(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)區分開(kai)(kai)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)區在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)區的(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)風(feng)向或(huo)側風(feng)向處(chu)(chu),污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)糞便處(chu)(chu)理設(she)施(shi)和(he)(he)病死鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)處(chu)(chu)理應在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)區的(de)(de)(de)下風(feng)向或(huo)側風(feng)向處(chu)(chu);場(chang)(chang)(chang)內(nei)應配套與(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)相適(shi)應的(de)(de)(de)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草地;場(chang)(chang)(chang)內(nei)設(she)凈道、污(wu)(wu)道。人員、動(dong)(dong)物(wu)和(he)(he)物(wu)品(pin)運轉(zhuan)應采取單一流(liu)(liu)向,凈道和(he)(he)污(wu)(wu)道不(bu)交叉(cha)。(2)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)主要來源于(yu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市卓旺太(tai)(tai)(tai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)原種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)場(chang)(chang)(chang),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)的(de)(de)(de)體型(xing)外(wai)貌(mao)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)必(bi)須符合湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)太(tai)(tai)(tai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)要求(qiu)。選種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)包(bao)括:蛋(dan)選、苗(miao)選、初選、復選和(he)(he)成(cheng)年鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)選種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)培育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)主要做(zuo)好后(hou)(hou)(hou)備種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)、休(xiu)蛋(dan)期(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)蛋(dan)期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)管(guan)理,以提高產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)蛋(dan)率(lv)(lv)、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)蛋(dan)受精率(lv)(lv)和(he)(he)孵化(hua)率(lv)(lv)。(3)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)雛(chu)(chu)(chu) 育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)雛(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)關鍵(jian)技(ji)術:一是(shi)保溫(wen)(wen)。1~5日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)室溫(wen)(wen)27~28℃;6~10日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)室溫(wen)(wen)25~26℃;11~15日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)室溫(wen)(wen)22~24℃;16~28日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)室溫(wen)(wen)18~22℃。二是(shi)防(fang)濕。1~10日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)舍(she)內(nei)相對濕度(du)控制(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)60~65%,11~28日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)控制(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)65~70%。三是(shi)開(kai)(kai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、開(kai)(kai)食。雛(chu)(chu)(chu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)進入育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)雛(chu)(chu)(chu)室后(hou)(hou)(hou)即(ji)行(xing)(xing)開(kai)(kai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)25℃,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)可(ke)添加0.5%電解多維素和(he)(he)5~10%葡(pu)萄糖。開(kai)(kai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)后(hou)(hou)(hou)1小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)開(kai)(kai)食,10日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)內(nei)每(mei)晝夜喂(wei)(wei)7次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)~8次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),以后(hou)(hou)(hou)逐漸減少飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)喂(wei)(wei)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)數,至21日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)后(hou)(hou)(hou)每(mei)晝夜喂(wei)(wei)4次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)~5次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(其中(zhong)晚(wan)(wan)上(shang)(shang)1次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)~2次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)),開(kai)(kai)食飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)雛(chu)(chu)(chu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)顆粒飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)與(yu)(yu)切碎(sui)的(de)(de)(de)青綠飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)按1:1比(bi)例配拌和(he)(he)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)喂(wei)(wei)。3日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)后(hou)(hou)(hou)逐漸增(zeng)(zeng)加青飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)比(bi)例,21日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)后(hou)(hou)(hou)比(bi)例為1:3。四是(shi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)與(yu)(yu)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。10日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)后(hou)(hou)(hou)雛(chu)(chu)(chu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)可(ke)進行(xing)(xing)適(shi)度(du)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),選擇晴(qing)暖天氣放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)(he)距(ju)離(li)(li)由(you)短(duan)(duan)到長,由(you)近到遠(yuan)。放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)3日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)后(hou)(hou)(hou)可(ke)自由(you)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),游水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)每(mei)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)3~5分鐘,隨日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)齡(ling)(ling)(ling)增(zeng)(zeng)大放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)也逐漸增(zeng)(zeng)長。五是(shi)管(guan)理。育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)雛(chu)(chu)(chu)期(qi)(qi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)注意用(yong)(yong)(yong)具墊料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)、干燥和(he)(he)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),定(ding)(ding)期(qi)(qi)消(xiao)毒,定(ding)(ding)期(qi)(qi)通(tong)(tong)風(feng)。育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)雛(chu)(chu)(chu)舍(she)通(tong)(tong)夜照(zhao)明,光(guang)照(zhao)強度(du)以雛(chu)(chu)(chu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)能(neng)(neng)采食、活(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)為度(du)。六是(shi)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)密 度(du)。1~5日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)每(mei)平方米(mi)室內(nei)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)20~25只(zhi),6~10日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)15~20只(zhi),11~15日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)12~15只(zhi),16~20日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)8~12只(zhi),21~28日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)6~8只(zhi)。群(qun)體大小(xiao)視實(shi)際情況而定(ding)(ding),小(xiao)群(qun)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)每(mei)群(qun)25~30只(zhi),大群(qun)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)150~200只(zhi),放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)群(qun)體300~600只(zhi)。 (4)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)成(cheng) 湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)太(tai)(tai)(tai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)肉質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以70日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)齡(ling)(ling)(ling)最佳,肉質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)細嫩(nen)和(he)(he)松脆,若(ruo)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)太(tai)(tai)(tai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)過(guo)長,則肉質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過(guo)老(lao),若(ruo)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)過(guo)短(duan)(duan),則肉質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過(guo)嫩(nen),肌肉豐滿度(du)降(jiang)低,無(wu)光(guang)澤,血管(guan)毛(mao)、絨毛(mao)多,感官差。控制(zhi)(zhi)肉用(yong)(yong)(yong)仔鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)主要技(ji)術:一是(shi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。上(shang)(shang)、下午各放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)1次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),中(zhong)午趕回鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)舍(she)。夏天上(shang)(shang)午早(zao)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)早(zao)歸,下午晚(wan)(wan)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)晚(wan)(wan)歸;冬天上(shang)(shang)午晚(wan)(wan)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)晚(wan)(wan)歸,下午早(zao)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)早(zao)歸。放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)隨日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)齡(ling)(ling)(ling)增(zeng)(zeng)大延(yan)長, 45日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)齡(ling)(ling)(ling)后(hou)(hou)(hou)可(ke)全天候放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。二是(shi)補飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)。放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)期(qi)(qi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)不(bu)喂(wei)(wei)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao),牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)歸后(hou)(hou)(hou)和(he)(he)晚(wan)(wan)上(shang)(shang)進行(xing)(xing)補飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si),補飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)青綠飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)加適(shi)量米(mi)糠(kang)、秕(bi)谷(gu)及薯(shu)類粗飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)和(he)(he)補飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)可(ke)增(zeng)(zeng)強體質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),促進骨(gu)骼和(he)(he)肌肉的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長發育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),提高鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)肉品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),充分利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草資源和(he)(he)青粗飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao),降(jiang)低飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)成(cheng)本(ben)。(5)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)肥(fei)(fei) 湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)太(tai)(tai)(tai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)成(cheng)至60日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)齡(ling)(ling)(ling)后(hou)(hou)(hou)開(kai)(kai)始育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)肥(fei)(fei),育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)肥(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)增(zeng)(zeng)長體重,加快脂肪沉積,提高鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)肉的(de)(de)(de)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),使(shi)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)肉更(geng)具鮮美、爽口、嫩(nen)滑(hua)的(de)(de)(de)味道。育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)肥(fei)(fei)技(ji)術與(yu)(yu)特點:不(bu)作(zuo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)成(cheng)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)在(zai)主翼羽(yu)長出時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(60日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)左右,體重3~3.5公斤)進行(xing)(xing)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)肥(fei)(fei)后(hou)(hou)(hou),作(zuo)商品(pin)肉鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)出售。育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)肥(fei)(fei)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)10~14日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)。育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)肥(fei)(fei)期(qi)(qi)舍(she)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si),每(mei)天喂(wei)(wei)4次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),其中(zhong)夜間(jian)(jian)(jian)1次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)肥(fei)(fei)前期(qi)(qi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)精飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)與(yu)(yu)青綠飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)1:1混合飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)喂(wei)(wei);育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)肥(fei)(fei)后(hou)(hou)(hou)期(qi)(qi)先喂(wei)(wei)精飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao),后(hou)(hou)(hou)喂(wei)(wei)青綠飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。精飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)以高能(neng)(neng)量飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)為主,一般為稻谷(gu)占50%,餅粕占5%,米(mi)糠(kang)45%。育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)肥(fei)(fei)期(qi)(qi)管(guan)理:限制(zhi)(zhi)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong),控制(zhi)(zhi)光(guang)照(zhao),保持安靜,充足飲水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。同時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)環(huan)(huan)境清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)、干燥,定(ding)(ding)期(qi)(qi)消(xiao)毒。 (6)安全衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng) 湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)太(tai)(tai)(tai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)環(huan)(huan)境、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)符合動(dong)(dong)物(wu)防(fang)疫(yi)(yi)條件和(he)(he)無(wu)公害農產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)相關規(gui)定(ding)(ding)要求(qiu);商品(pin)肉鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)不(bu)得使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)《食品(pin)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)禁(jin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)獸藥(yao)(yao)及其他化(hua)合物(wu)清(qing)(qing)單》規(gui)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)物(wu),出售前用(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)必(bi)須執行(xing)(xing)《獸藥(yao)(yao)休(xiu)藥(yao)(yao)期(qi)(qi)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)》;鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)場(chang)(chang)(chang)建立日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)常衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)消(xiao)毒制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)和(he)(he)緊急(ji)消(xiao)毒預案。嚴(yan)格執行(xing)(xing)免(mian)(mian)疫(yi)(yi)程序:出殼后(hou)(hou)(hou)12日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)禽(qin)流(liu)(liu)感首免(mian)(mian),28~30日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)禽(qin)流(liu)(liu)感二免(mian)(mian),后(hou)(hou)(hou)備種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)90~100日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)禽(qin)流(liu)(liu)感加強免(mian)(mian)疫(yi)(yi);產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)蛋(dan)前1個月小(xiao)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)瘟免(mian)(mian)疫(yi)(yi),以后(hou)(hou)(hou)每(mei)年免(mian)(mian)疫(yi)(yi)2次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。其他疫(yi)(yi)病預防(fang)免(mian)(mian)疫(yi)(yi)根據當(dang)地疫(yi)(yi)情或(huo)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)防(fang)疫(yi)(yi)部門的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)確定(ding)(ding)。(7)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)記錄要求(qiu)。 湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)太(tai)(tai)(tai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)全過(guo)程,都準確、清(qing)(qing)晰、工整、完全地建立飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si) 養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)記錄檔案,全面記載飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)情況,并妥善保存(cun),以備查閱。
六(liu).包裝標識(shi)相關規定
(1)分級:按標(biao)(biao)(biao)準要求(qiu)進(jin)行分級(2)包(bao)裝(zhuang):按要求(qiu)進(jin)行分級包(bao)裝(zhuang)、標(biao)(biao)(biao)記。(3)標(biao)(biao)(biao)識:標(biao)(biao)(biao)志使用執(zhi)行農(nong)業(ye)部農(nong)產品(pin)質(zhi)量安全(quan)中心(農(nong)質(zhi)安發[2008]13號)的規定,標(biao)(biao)(biao)志使用人應在其產品(pin)或其包(bao)裝(zhuang)上統 一農(nong)產品(pin)地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(湖州太湖鵝、公共標(biao)(biao)(biao)識圖案和標(biao)(biao)(biao)注形式)。(4)貯藏(zang):相對濕度50%以下。必須符合標(biao)(biao)(biao)準的要求(qiu)。(5)運(yun)輸(shu):執(zhi)行NY/T1056-2006《綠色食品(pin)貯藏(zang)運(yun)輸(shu)準則》農(nong) 業(ye)部農(nong)業(ye)行業(ye)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準和符合標(biao)(biao)(biao)準的運(yun)輸(shu)要求(qiu)。