松(song)陽茶葉在中國古(gu)代茶林中獨(du)樹一(yi)幟(zhi)。早在三國時期,松(song)陽就(jiu)開始出產茶葉,到了唐代已很興(xing)盛。唐朝大詩人戴叔倫(lun)任東陽縣令期間,曾訪松(song)陽橫山寺,老僧人奉上一(yi)碗當(dang)地產的橫山茶。
歷史
戴叔倫(lun)沉醉于(yu)(yu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)香,不(bu)(bu)覺日(ri)落西(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan),不(bu)(bu)勝(sheng)感慨,乃賦詩(shi)《橫(heng)山(shan)(shan)》:“偶(ou)入(ru)橫(heng)山(shan)(shan)寺,溪深路更(geng)(geng)幽。露涵松(song)(song)翠滴(di),風涌(yong)浪(lang)花浮。老(lao)衲(na)供茶(cha)(cha)(cha)碗,斜陽(yang)(yang)(yang)送(song)客舟。自緣歸思促,不(bu)(bu)得更(geng)(geng)遲留。”至宋代(dai),松(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)飲茶(cha)(cha)(cha)之風日(ri)甚,茶(cha)(cha)(cha)道(dao)(dao)盛行(xing),僧侶、文(wen)人樂于(yu)(yu)“斗(dou)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)”(即表演茶(cha)(cha)(cha)道(dao)(dao))而不(bu)(bu)疲。松(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)人祖(zu)謙(qian)禪師(shi)曾居西(xi)(xi)屏山(shan)(shan)白鶴殿修行(xing),他是當(dang)時(shi)(shi)有(you)名的(de)(de)“斗(dou)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)”高手(shou),其(qi)與大(da)詩(shi)人蘇軾友善。一日(ri),與蘇東坡相(xiang)會敘話,并(bing)為蘇東坡“斗(dou)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)”。東坡先生欽佩祖(zu)謙(qian)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)道(dao)(dao)精深,乃贈詩(shi)《西(xi)(xi)屏山(shan)(shan)》:“道(dao)(dao)人曉(xiao)出西(xi)(xi)屏山(shan)(shan),來施點茶(cha)(cha)(cha)三昧手(shou)。忽驚(jing)午(wu)盞(zhan)兔毫斑,打作春(chun)甕(weng)鵝兒酒。天(tian)臺(tai)乳花世不(bu)(bu)見,玉川鳳液(ye)今(jin)何有(you)?東坡有(you)意續茶(cha)(cha)(cha)經(jing),要使祖(zu)謙(qian)名不(bu)(bu)朽。”據(ju)說(shuo),后人在(zai)(zai)整理(li)西(xi)(xi)屏山(shan)(shan)白鶴殿地基時(shi)(shi),發(fa)現(xian)一石碑上刻有(you)蘇軾的(de)(de)這首詩(shi)。邑人明代(dai)貢生詹嘉卿在(zai)(zai)《萬壽山(shan)(shan)》一詩(shi)中云:“空廚竹(zhu)畔無煙火,細和茶(cha)(cha)(cha)聲(sheng)有(you)竹(zhu)雞。”描寫了(le)(le)(le)煮茶(cha)(cha)(cha)聲(sheng)和雞鳴聲(sheng)相(xiang)和的(de)(de)悠(you)閑(xian)田園(yuan)生活(huo),可見當(dang)時(shi)(shi)飲用(yong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)在(zai)(zai)松(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)尋常百姓家已(yi)是普遍現(xian)象。清代(dai)鄉賢(xian)周圣教在(zai)(zai)《西(xi)(xi)屏山(shan)(shan)懷古(gu)》詩(shi)中寫到(dao):“汲水煮茶(cha)(cha)(cha)氣味清,一飲人疑有(you)仙骨”。品(pin)飲松(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha),能令人神(shen)清氣爽,足見松(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)極(ji)佳品(pin)質。松(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)文(wen)化源遠(yuan)流長(chang),用(yong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)民俗別具一格(ge),歷代(dai)相(xiang)沿(yan)成(cheng)習(xi),形成(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)獨特的(de)(de)地域(yu)文(wen)化。茶(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)影響了(le)(le)(le)松(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)人民1800多(duo)(duo)年的(de)(de)社會生活(huo),也影響了(le)(le)(le)松(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)1800多(duo)(duo)年的(de)(de)傳統(tong)文(wen)化。時(shi)(shi)至今(jin)日(ri),茶(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)與人們(men)的(de)(de)關系(xi)更(geng)(geng)為緊密,人們(men)的(de)(de)日(ri)常生活(huo)離不(bu)(bu)開(kai)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)。松(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)對當(dang)地老(lao)百姓生產(chan)、生活(huo)的(de)(de)影響尤為深刻。到(dao)2010年,全縣已(yi)有(you)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)面積11.02萬畝,逾8萬多(duo)(duo)農民從事茶(cha)(cha)(cha)產(chan)業,產(chan)值(zhi)近(jin)2億元(yuan),發(fa)展茶(cha)(cha)(cha)業已(yi)成(cheng)為松(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)農民增(zeng)收的(de)(de)主(zhu)要渠道(dao)(dao)。松(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)之所以在(zai)(zai)今(jin)日(ri)能廣為人知(zhi),行(xing)銷全國,不(bu)(bu)僅(jin)源于(yu)(yu)現(xian)實社會對茶(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)的(de)(de)大(da)量需求(qiu),更(geng)(geng)源于(yu)(yu)松(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)傳統(tong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)文(wen)化的(de)(de)厚積薄發(fa)。
傳說
相傳,唐景龍年間(jian)(jian),浙西(xi)一帶遭受(shou)瘟疫(yi)之災(zai),松陽百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)染疫(yi)者甚多(duo),許多(duo)百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)家庭(ting)因此人(ren)(ren)亡家破。眾(zhong)多(duo)患者求(qiu)治于民(min)間(jian)(jian)郎中,郎中們無術(shu)可(ke)施。松陽百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)人(ren)(ren)心惶(huang)惶(huang),只見(jian)患者日漸(jian)增多(duo),疫(yi)情日益嚴重。在武當山游訪(fang)的葉法善(shan)(shan)聞知故(gu)土松陽遭受(shou)瘟疫(yi),立(li)即趕回松陽卯山,召集眾(zhong)多(duo)道士采(cai)制(zhi)卯山仙(xian)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha),煮卯山仙(xian)泉泡茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha),并(bing)開觀施茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)七七四十九天(tian)(tian)。當地百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)聞迅紛紛前往討取卯山仙(xian)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)水,許多(duo)患者飲用數(shu)次后(hou),漸(jian)有好轉終至(zhi)痊(quan)愈。一度肆(si)虐蔓(man)延的瘟疫(yi)終被降服(fu)。葉法善(shan)(shan)因此被松陽百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)奉為濟世(shi)救(jiu)俗(su)的“葉天(tian)(tian)師(shi)”,后(hou)來各地紛紛建立(li)“天(tian)(tian)師(shi)殿(dian)”,供人(ren)(ren)們敬(jing)奉。截至(zhi)2010年松陽縣境內仍有多(duo)處“天(tian)(tian)師(shi)殿(dian)”及其遺跡,在當地依然(ran)流傳著葉天(tian)(tian)師(shi)施茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)消災(zai)的傳說。這些“天(tian)(tian)師(shi)殿(dian)”弘揚了葉法善(shan)(shan)助人(ren)(ren)救(jiu)世(shi)的松陽茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)道精神。
發展
據當(dang)今《松(song)(song)陽(yang)縣志》記(ji)載,1929年(nian)松(song)(song)陽(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)在(zai)西湖國(guo)際(ji)(ji)博覽會上(shang)獲一(yi)等獎,從此,松(song)(song)陽(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)在(zai)國(guo)際(ji)(ji)上(shang)名(ming)聲遠揚(yang)。抗日戰爭時(shi)期,為(wei)避戰亂,浙(zhe)江省(sheng)農業改進(jin)所(suo)曾(ceng)遷松(song)(song)陽(yang),并在(zai)松(song)(song)陽(yang)建立(li)過橫(heng)山(shan)試(shi)驗茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)場和橫(heng)山(shan)制(zhi)(zhi)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)廠,以作改良茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)品(pin)種、提(ti)高茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)之示范,提(ti)高松(song)(song)陽(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)農的栽(zai)培、采摘、制(zhi)(zhi)作等技(ji)術水(shui)平(ping),推動松(song)(song)陽(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)的改良。20世(shi)(shi)紀(ji)60年(nian)代,赤壽公社紅連大隊開(kai)墾出(chu)百(bai)余(yu)畝(mu)“紅連示范茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園”,在(zai)其(qi)帶動下,幾年(nian)間全(quan)縣規范茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園面積達到近萬(wan)畝(mu)。在(zai)松(song)(song)陽(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)傳統制(zhi)(zhi)作工(gong)藝的基礎上(shang),松(song)(song)陽(yang)縣農業局(ju)于20世(shi)(shi)紀(ji)80年(nian)代初組織(zhi)研(yan)制(zhi)(zhi)生產出(chu)了(le)“松(song)(song)陽(yang)銀猴”新品(pin)。從2002年(nian)以來,“松(song)(song)陽(yang)銀猴”的知(zhi)名(ming)度、美譽(yu)度不斷(duan)提(ti)高,2003年(nian)被(bei)評為(wei)省(sheng)名(ming)牌(pai)產品(pin),2004年(nian)被(bei)評為(wei)浙(zhe)江十大名(ming)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)。松(song)(song)陽(yang)人對松(song)(song)陽(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)的不斷(duan)研(yan)究開(kai)發,傳承了(le)傳統松(song)(song)陽(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)的制(zhi)(zhi)作工(gong)藝,弘揚(yang)了(le)松(song)(song)陽(yang)的茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)道精神,促進(jin)了(le)松(song)(song)陽(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)產業的不斷(duan)發展壯大。