《鳳還巢》為(wei)梅蘭芳(fang)根據清(qing)(qing)宮(gong)藏(zang)本(ben)《循環序》改(gai)編的京劇,原名《陰陽樹》,又(you)名《丑配》,于1929年在北京首演。此劇情節巧妙(miao),行當(dang)齊全,與清(qing)(qing)代傳奇劇本(ben)《風箏(zheng)誤》有異(yi)曲(qu)同工之妙(miao)。雪娥的幾大段唱(chang)腔華麗別致、明(ming)快跌宕、如(ru)訴如(ru)歌,是梅派(pai)唱(chang)腔中廣為(wei)流(liu)傳的著名唱(chang)段。
明朝(chao)末年,侍(shi)郎程(cheng)(cheng)浦(pu)告老還鄉。程(cheng)(cheng)浦(pu)生有二女:大女程(cheng)(cheng)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)雁為夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)所生,貌(mao)(mao)奇(qi)丑且(qie)行為舉止粗魯;次(ci)女程(cheng)(cheng)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)娥(e)(e)為側室所生,美(mei)貌(mao)(mao)聰明,程(cheng)(cheng)愛之(zhi)如掌上明珠。程(cheng)(cheng)浦(pu)與宗皇(huang)朱渙(huan)(huan)然游春,遇故友之(zhi)子穆(mu)(mu)(mu)居易(yi)。程(cheng)(cheng)喜穆(mu)(mu)(mu)居易(yi)翩(pian)翩(pian)少年,認(ren)為其前(qian)程(cheng)(cheng)看好(hao),欲(yu)與雪(xue)(xue)(xue)娥(e)(e)擇(ze)婿,夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)卻(que)(que)欲(yu)將雪(xue)(xue)(xue)雁許穆(mu)(mu)(mu)。程(cheng)(cheng)壽辰,穆(mu)(mu)(mu)來(lai)拜,留宿于書(shu)館。入(ru)夜,夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)命己(ji)女雪(xue)(xue)(xue)雁冒雪(xue)(xue)(xue)娥(e)(e)之(zhi)名(ming)(ming)去書(shu)館會(hui)(hui)穆(mu)(mu)(mu)。穆(mu)(mu)(mu)見(jian)其貌(mao)(mao)丑無比,誤以為程(cheng)(cheng)騙婚(hun),連(lian)夜逃(tao)去,途中(zhong)(zhong)遇到朱渙(huan)(huan)然,朱贈穆(mu)(mu)(mu)銀(yin)馬(ma)助其逃(tao)跑。程(cheng)(cheng)正憂穆(mu)(mu)(mu)生去向不明,適逢朝(chao)廷起(qi)用,只(zhi)(zhi)好(hao)奉(feng)旨離家出征。而垂涎雪(xue)(xue)(xue)娥(e)(e)已久(jiu)的皇(huang)族(zu)朱煥(huan)然,得知穆(mu)(mu)(mu)逃(tao)程(cheng)(cheng)去,乘機冒穆(mu)(mu)(mu)名(ming)(ming)來(lai)程(cheng)(cheng)家迎娶雪(xue)(xue)(xue)娥(e)(e)。夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)信以為真,即以雪(xue)(xue)(xue)雁代(dai)嫁。洞(dong)房(fang)中(zhong)(zhong),兩(liang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)發現全是冒名(ming)(ming)頂替,雖(sui)后悔(hui)莫(mo)及(ji),卻(que)(que)有苦難(nan)(nan)言,只(zhi)(zhi)能將錯(cuo)就錯(cuo)。這時(shi),地方強盜(dao)作(zuo)亂,夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)去朱家避難(nan)(nan),雪(xue)(xue)(xue)娥(e)(e)因(yin)朱行為不端不肯隨(sui)夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)前(qian)往。不久(jiu),程(cheng)(cheng)浦(pu)平定賊寇,接雪(xue)(xue)(xue)娥(e)(e)至軍(jun)中(zhong)(zhong)。穆(mu)(mu)(mu)也從軍(jun)在(zai)此。程(cheng)(cheng)又(you)重提婚(hun)姻(yin),穆(mu)(mu)(mu)堅決拒(ju)婚(hun):元帥洪功(gong)及(ji)周監軍(jun)強給主婚(hun),穆(mu)(mu)(mu)不得已說明程(cheng)(cheng)女夤夜私(si)(si)入(ru)書(shu)館等情(qing)。程(cheng)(cheng)知穆(mu)(mu)(mu)誤會(hui)(hui),堅持完(wan)婚(hun)。洞(dong)房(fang)中(zhong)(zhong),穆(mu)(mu)(mu)見(jian)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)娥(e)(e)貌(mao)(mao)美(mei),確非(fei)私(si)(si)入(ru)書(shu)房(fang)之(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren),不由大喜。雪(xue)(xue)(xue)娥(e)(e)卻(que)(que)因(yin)穆(mu)(mu)(mu)拒(ju)婚(hun),委屈非(fei)常,在(zai)穆(mu)(mu)(mu)一(yi)再謝罪之(zhi)下,才轉悲為喜,終諧(xie)伉儷。朱渙(huan)(huan)然被劫,攜程(cheng)(cheng)妻、雪(xue)(xue)(xue)雁來(lai)投,最終一(yi)家團聚(ju)。
2022年(nian)8月,京(jing)劇《鳳還巢》參(can)加2022年(nian)戲曲百(bai)戲(昆山)盛典全(quan)國戲曲領軍人才優(you)秀劇目展演。
2019年10月2日,由文(wen)化(hua)和旅游部、北京市人民政府主辦的2019中國戲曲文(wen)化(hua)周2日在北京園博園開(kai)幕(mu)。梅派《鳳還巢》得到演(yan)出。
2021年12月14、15日,上海京劇(ju)院的《鳳還(huan)巢》將在湖南大劇(ju)院演出(chu)。