《花田(tian)錯(cuo)(cuo)》是京劇,故(gu)事緣于《水(shui)滸傳(chuan)》,花田(tian)本意種花的(de)農田(tian),花田(tian)錯(cuo)(cuo)是發(fa)生在(zai)種花小鎮,花田(tian)祭(ji)上的(de)一系列(lie)陰差陽(yang)錯(cuo)(cuo)的(de)故(gu)事。
花(hua)田(tian)錯在原先的傳統演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)法中故(gu)事(shi)(shi)并不完整,只到周通搶親為(wei)(wei)止;1912年(nian),荀(xun)派(pai)代表人物荀(xun)慧(hui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)先生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)改編創作(zuo)加上(shang)后(hou)半部并搬上(shang)京劇(ju)(ju)舞臺。荀(xun)慧(hui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng):幼(you)年(nian)學梆子時(shi)的開蒙戲(xi),一為(wei)(wei)《辛安驛(yi)》,一為(wei)(wei)《花(hua)田(tian)錯》。這兩個戲(xi)均經荀(xun)慧(hui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的太老(lao)師侯俊山先生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(老(lao)十三(san)旦)親自指點(dian)。《花(hua)田(tian)錯》的傳統演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)法自花(hua)田(tian)訪婿起至周通搶親止,故(gu)事(shi)(shi)是不完整的。荀(xun)慧(hui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)改演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)京劇(ju)(ju)后(hou),依(yi)據(ju)《水滸(hu)》中“小霸王醉臥(wo)銷金帳,莽提轄大鬧桃花(hua)村”一回增益(yi)首尾,將(jiang)它搬上(shang)京劇(ju)(ju)舞臺。1919年(nian)與(yu)楊小樓、譚(tan)小培(pei)、尚小云三(san)位先生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)由京到滬(上(shang)海觀眾稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)“三(san)小一白(bai)”,因(yin)當時(shi)荀(xun)慧(hui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)仍(reng)用“白(bai)牡丹”藝名),在老(lao)天蟾(chan)舞臺演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)出,荀(xun)慧(hui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)即(ji)以此戲(xi)打炮,自飾春蘭,演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)卞璣者為(wei)(wei)李桂芳(fang)。演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)出后(hou),甚受觀眾歡迎,此后(hou)數十年(nian)屢演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)不衰,被稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)荀(xun)派(pai)代表作(zuo)之一。本片根據(ju)同名京劇(ju)(ju)改編,源出「水滸(hu)傳」,胡金銓編劇(ju)(ju)。值(zhi)得一提的是,擅(shan)演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)悲(bei)劇(ju)(ju)的樂蒂首次以俏皮方式演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)出丫頭一角。故(gu)事(shi)(shi)始于才子(喬莊)落拓花(hua)田(tian),賣(mai)畫維生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),與(yu)官家小姐(丁寧)一見鍾情,卻因(yin)惡霸(朱牧)介入(ru)而波(bo)折重(zhong)重(zhong),鬧出連(lian)篇笑話……。
春蘭(lan):花(hua)旦(dan)(dan)||卞(bian)璣:小生||劉玉燕:旦(dan)(dan)||劉德明:老生||安人:老旦(dan)(dan)||李忠:老生||周玉樓:旦(dan)(dan)||周通:凈(jing)||朱仝:老生||雷橫:凈(jing)||魯達:凈(jing)||店東:丑
《花田錯》的(de)最(zui)初改編本,其中卞璣先(xian)與劉(liu)玉(yu)燕訂親,周通誤將其搶至(zhi)家中后,又(you)與周妹玉(yu)樓(lou)私(si)訂終身,而丫鬟春(chun)(chun)蘭(lan)也暗有向(xiang)往之意,故戲終時出現(xian)了一夫(fu)多妻的(de)場面。解放后,荀慧(hui)生以(yi)為這樣結(jie)局(ju),殊不可(ke)取,遂在演(yan)出時作了改動(dong)。至(zhi)1959年又(you)重新審訂加工(gong),刪除其中不妥的(de)細(xi)節,并把結(jie)尾大團圓(yuan)收場,更作喜劇(ju)夸(kua)張,給春(chun)(chun)蘭(lan)增(zeng)加一段(duan)輕松愉快的(de)唱(chang)工(gong),并配合活躍、流動(dong)的(de)舞蹈身段(duan),從而越加烘托(tuo)出喜劇(ju)的(de)歡樂氣氛。
(解(jie)放后改編版)
宋(song)時,桃花村富戶(hu)劉德(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming),有女(nv)(nv)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)燕,及(ji)笄未嫁。時值花田(tian)盛(sheng)會(hui),劉德(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming)命丫(ya)鬟春蘭陪同劉玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)燕前(qian)往游(you)賞,暗中(zhong)訪求(qiu)佳婿。襄陽舉人(ren)卞(bian)璣(ji)(ji),上京趕考,途(tu)(tu)中(zhong)因(yin)(yin)資(zi)斧拮據,乃于花田(tian)會(hui)上設(she)攤賣畫。春蘭見(jian)(jian)卞(bian)璣(ji)(ji)才貌不凡(fan),回(hui)家稟(bing)知劉德(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming),劉德(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming)因(yin)(yin)命家人(ren)往請,不想誤(wu)將(jiang)(jiang)小霸王周(zhou)通(tong)請來。周(zhou)通(tong)限令三(san)日(ri)之(zhi)內,須(xu)將(jiang)(jiang)劉玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)燕送(song)與(yu)成(cheng)(cheng)親(qin)。春蘭設(she)計(ji),使卞(bian)璣(ji)(ji)男扮女(nv)(nv)裝(zhuang)與(yu)劉玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)燕相會(hui)。兩(liang)人(ren)正(zheng)在(zai)定情之(zhi)際(ji),周(zhou)通(tong)突(tu)來搶(qiang)(qiang)親(qin),竟誤(wu)將(jiang)(jiang)卞(bian)璣(ji)(ji)搶(qiang)(qiang)去。旋(xuan)周(zhou)通(tong)因(yin)(yin)劫奪生辰綱之(zhi)事涉嫌,被(bei)(bei)傳至(zhi)(zhi)公堂;周(zhou)妹玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)樓(lou)(lou)發覺卞(bian)璣(ji)(ji)喬裝(zhuang),詢明(ming)(ming)(ming)真(zhen)相以(yi)后(hou),遂(sui)將(jiang)(jiang)卞(bian)璣(ji)(ji)釋放,并(bing)贈銀以(yi)為(wei)(wei)赴考資(zi)斧。劉德(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming)因(yin)(yin)女(nv)(nv)被(bei)(bei)搶(qiang)(qiang),赴衙(ya)告狀(zhuang),隨同都頭雷橫(heng)去周(zhou)寓,但(dan)又將(jiang)(jiang)周(zhou)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)樓(lou)(lou)搶(qiang)(qiang)回(hui)。此時,春蘭誤(wu)以(yi)搶(qiang)(qiang)回(hui)者為(wei)(wei)卞(bian)璣(ji)(ji),乃向(xiang)劉德(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming)說明(ming)(ming)(ming)前(qian)次被(bei)(bei)搶(qiang)(qiang)者實為(wei)(wei)卞(bian)璣(ji)(ji),竟令周(zhou)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)樓(lou)(lou)改換男裝(zhuang)與(yu)劉玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)燕成(cheng)(cheng)親(qin)。花燭之(zhi)夜(ye),周(zhou)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)樓(lou)(lou)訴述事實原委,春蘭恐日(ri)后(hou)周(zhou)通(tong)復來糾(jiu)纏,仍(reng)留周(zhou)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)樓(lou)(lou)住在(zai)莊中(zhong),以(yi)應付其(qi)兄(xiong)。周(zhou)通(tong)被(bei)(bei)釋以(yi)后(hou),果然(ran)通(tong)知劉德(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming),當晚(wan)進莊成(cheng)(cheng)親(qin)。劉德(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming)正(zheng)彷徨無計(ji),適(shi)魯(lu)達前(qian)來投宿,聞知大怒(nu),假扮新娘(niang),隱于帳內,迨晚(wan),周(zhou)通(tong)至(zhi)(zhi),被(bei)(bei)魯(lu)達痛打,逃跑。魯(lu)達追至(zhi)(zhi)途(tu)(tu)中(zhong),巧遇(yu)打虎將(jiang)(jiang)李忠(zhong),從中(zhong)勸解,并(bing)令周(zhou)通(tong)回(hui)莊向(xiang)劉德(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming)請罪。時卞(bian)璣(ji)(ji)已中(zhong)狀(zhuang)元,也至(zhi)(zhi)桃花村。眾(zhong)人(ren)相見(jian)(jian),真(zhen)相大白。最后(hou),卞(bian)璣(ji)(ji)與(yu)劉玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)燕完姻,周(zhou)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)樓(lou)(lou)則在(zai)春蘭撮(cuo)合下,與(yu)李忠(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)夫(fu)婦(fu)。
Ps:關(guan)于桃(tao)花(hua)村(cun)的(de)地理(li)位置:
原始(shi)本(ben)中并未提及,而在解放后(hou)的(de)改編本(ben)中出(chu)現了(le)地(di)點雁(yan)門(men)(men)關紫(zi)陽鎮桃(tao)花村,不合邏輯(ji)(湖北襄陽的(de)舉子去河南開封(feng)考試路過山(shan)西(xi)雁(yan)門(men)(men)關……),多半當(dang)時改編者想(xiang)當(dang)然的(de)將京(jing)城當(dang)成(cheng)了(le)北京(jing);其時北京(jing)屬遼(liao)地(di),雁(yan)門(men)(men)關是真正的(de)邊境(jing)。
《花田(tian)錯》的意思
1.《花田錯》是京(jing)劇(ju),故(gu)事緣于(yu)《水滸傳(chuan)》。
2.花(hua)(hua)田(tian)=種(zhong)花(hua)(hua)的農田(tian),花(hua)(hua)田(tian)錯(cuo)=發生在種(zhong)花(hua)(hua)小鎮(zhen),花(hua)(hua)田(tian)祭上的錯(cuo)誤故事。
花田盛會,熱鬧滾(gun)滾(gun);古靈精怪的(de)丫頭春蘭,陪著(zhu)劉家(jia)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)姐(jie)月英上街(jie),打算依照本地習俗(su),讓小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)姐(jie)在街(jie)上挑選(xuan)乘(cheng)龍快(kuai)婿。月英小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)姐(jie)看中了在路旁賣字畫的(de)白面書生卞(bian)機,主仆二人決議返家(jia)向(xiang)母(mu)親稟明一切(qie),眼(yan)看著(zhu)一切(qie)將要(yao)如此幸(xing)福(fu)美(mei)滿,誰料到糊涂管家(jia)上街(jie)請婿,陰錯陽差竟然(ran)錯請到了小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)霸(ba)王周通……