萊蕪(wu)生(sheng)姜有兩千多年的種植歷史,封(feng)建社會曾是朝庭(ting)的貢品。萊蕪(wu)生姜(jiang)是全國名貴產品和中國蔬菜優良品種,有文字(zi)記載的栽培歷史已有2000多年。在我(wo)國(guo)古代典籍中(zhong)有(you)許多關(guan)于(yu)萊(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)描述:《論語》中(zhong)有(you)“不撤姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)食(shi)(shi)”的(de)(de)記(ji)載,說(shuo)明春秋戰國(guo)時(shi),齊魯食(shi)(shi)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)已(yi)經非常普遍(bian)。《史記(ji)》貨殖列傳第六十九節(jie)(jie)寫道(dao):“若千(qian)畝卮茜(qian),千(qian)畦姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)韭(jiu),此其人皆于(yu)千(qian)戶侯等”,也就(jiu)是(shi)說(shuo),如果一(yi)個人種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)了(le)一(yi)千(qian)畦姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),其富裕(yu)程度可以(yi)(yi)與(yu)當(dang)時(shi)的(de)(de)千(qian)戶侯相(xiang)比。根據《萊(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)縣(xian)志(zhi)(zhi)》的(de)(de)記(ji)載,宣(xuan)統年間,萊(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)就(jiu)已(yi)經把生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)列入了(le)納稅科(ke)目。當(dang)時(shi)萊(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)境(jing)內就(jiu)已(yi)經種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)2000畝,畝產1000斤,主(zhu)要(yao)依(yi)靠“擔挑牲畜馱或(huo)小車裝運”到(dao)濟(ji)南、天津等地銷售。萊(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)經驗比較(jiao)豐富,《齊民要(yao)術》中(zhong)有(you)一(yi)節(jie)(jie)專述種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)。《萊(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)縣(xian)志(zhi)(zhi)》中(zhong)也有(you)關(guan)于(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)與(yu)收(shou)(shou)獲(huo)日期的(de)(de)列表,“最(zui)(zui)早(zao)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)節(jie)(jie)為(wei)四月(yue)下(xia)旬(xun)至(zhi)(zhi)谷雨(yu)節(jie)(jie),最(zui)(zui)遲為(wei)五月(yue)上旬(xun)至(zhi)(zhi)立夏節(jie)(jie);最(zui)(zui)早(zao)收(shou)(shou)獲(huo)期為(wei)十月(yue)上旬(xun)至(zhi)(zhi)寒露節(jie)(jie),最(zui)(zui)遲為(wei)十月(yue)下(xia)旬(xun)至(zhi)(zhi)霜(shuang)降”。萊(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)以(yi)(yi)其姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)塊肥大、皮薄(bo)絲少、辣濃味(wei)美(mei)、色澤(ze)鮮潤而著(zhu)稱,富含多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)維生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)素(su),既是(shi)美(mei)味(wei)品,又是(shi)保健品,民間有(you)“冬(dong)夏吃生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),不勞醫生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)開藥方(fang)”之說(shuo)。
萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)雞(ji)腿(tui)(tui)蔥(cong)(cong)屬山(shan)東土特產品(pin),是(shi)著名(ming)的(de)“萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)三辣”之一,是(shi)我國(guo)眾多大蔥(cong)(cong)品(pin)種中(zhong)獨(du)具特色的(de)優質地(di)方品(pin)種。萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)雞(ji)腿(tui)(tui)蔥(cong)(cong)種植(zhi)歷(li)史悠久(jiu),嘉靖萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)縣志(zhi)、萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)縣鄉土志(zhi)就有(you)蔥(cong)(cong)的(de)記(ji)載,1960年全國(guo)姜、蒜、蔥(cong)(cong)生產規劃會議在萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)召(zhao)開。萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)雞(ji)腿(tui)(tui)蔥(cong)(cong)2003年獲(huo)得(de)國(guo)家(jia)原產地(di)標記(ji)注冊,2013年被列為農(nong)業部農(nong)產品(pin)地(di)理標志(zhi)登(deng)記(ji)保(bao)護產品(pin),地(di)理保(bao)護范(fan)圍涉及(ji)牛(niu)泉、高(gao)莊、雪野、里辛(xin)、顏(yan)莊等13個鎮(街道辦),總面積(ji)50000畝。雞(ji)腿(tui)(tui)蔥(cong)(cong)植(zhi)株(zhu)矮小、粗壯,株(zhu)高(gao)60-70厘米(mi),蔥(cong)(cong)白長26-30厘米(mi),其基部顯著膨大,向(xiang)上漸細并稍彎曲,形似雞(ji)腿(tui)(tui),故得(de)名(ming)。萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)雞(ji)腿(tui)(tui)蔥(cong)(cong)適應性強,抗旱(han)、耐(nai)瘠(ji)、耐(nai)寒、耐(nai)熱,抗病(bing)蟲,耐(nai)貯(zhu)藏,生命力強,有(you)“根枯(ku)葉焦心(xin)不(bu)死(si)”之說(shuo)。雞(ji)腿(tui)(tui)蔥(cong)(cong)辛(xin)辣味濃,可生食(shi),更宜(yi)炒食(shi),作為生、孰、葷、素(su)菜(cai)肴常用調料尤佳,用它烹(peng)調菜(cai)肴,主(zhu)佐均宜(yi),傳有(you)“如吃山(shan)東菜(cai),菜(cai)菜(cai)不(bu)離(li)萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)蔥(cong)(cong)”的(de)說(shuo)法。
萊蕪大蒜種植歷史悠久,系山東省名特產之一。在《萊蕪縣志》的物產中就有蒜的記載,當時的種植經驗就比較豐富,對蒜的生長周期規定為“秋期播蒜勤為灌溉翌夏收獲”,當時的播種面積有1359畝。萊蕪大蒜分大白皮和大四瓣兩個品種,素以蒜頭蒜瓣大、蒜瓣肉質細、辣味濃香、產量高、耐貯藏等優良特性聞名。萊蕪大蒜有紫皮、白(bai)皮之分,具有營(ying)養豐富、味(wei)道鮮美、辛辣芳香、增進食欲、殺(sha)菌、耐貯運等特點,除(chu)冬季供(gong)(gong)應干蒜外,一年四季均可供(gong)(gong)應青蒜苗(miao)、蒜黃,實(shi)現周年供(gong)(gong)應。生(sheng)熟(shu)食俱佳,深受國內外消(xiao)費者好評。
萊蕪(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)花(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)歷史(shi)悠久(jiu),據(ju)考(kao)證,早在(zai)北魏時期就有栽(zai)植(zhi)花(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)記(ji)載(zai),明代(dai)嘉靖年間開(kai)始大(da)(da)(da)量栽(zai)植(zhi),之后常(chang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不衰。主(zhu)要栽(zai)植(zhi)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有:香(xiang)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)子、大(da)(da)(da)紅袍(pao)、小紅袍(pao)、青皮椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、大(da)(da)(da)花(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)等。特(te)別是大(da)(da)(da)紅袍(pao)花(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)具有高產、優質(zhi)、適應性強(qiang)、出皮率高、椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)皮厚實、色澤鮮艷、香(xiang)味濃郁(yu)等特(te)點(dian)。椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)皮中(zhong)(zhong)各類揮(hui)發性芳香(xiang)物質(zhi)含(han)量高達 9% ,不僅是提煉制(zhi)作(zuo)高級(ji)食(shi)(shi)用香(xiang)精的(de)優質(zhi)原料,而(er)且是上(shang)等的(de)食(shi)(shi)用調味品(pin);花(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子含(han)油(you)量達 30% ,榨取的(de)花(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)油(you)既可作(zuo)工(gong)業用油(you),也可食(shi)(shi)用;花(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)皮和(he)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子均可入藥,具有開(kai)胃、健脾、增強(qiang)體質(zhi)的(de)功能。萊蕪(wu)大(da)(da)(da)紅袍(pao)花(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)在(zai)第三屆(jie)中(zhong)(zhong)國農(nong)業博覽會上(shang)被(bei)評為(wei)名(ming)(ming)牌產品(pin)。1971 年,萊蕪(wu)被(bei)列(lie)為(wei)山(shan)東省(sheng)花(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)商品(pin)基地縣。 1998 年萊城(cheng)區(qu)被(bei)命名(ming)(ming)為(wei)“中(zhong)(zhong)國花(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之鄉(xiang)”。全市花(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)栽(zai)植(zhi)面積15萬畝、1600萬棵,總產1萬噸。【性狀】青椒(jiao) 多(duo)為2~3個上部(bu)離生的小(xiao)果(guo)(guo),集(ji)生于小(xiao)果(guo)(guo)梗上,呈(cheng)球形(xing),沿腹縫線開(kai)裂(lie),直徑(jing)3~4mm。外表(biao)面(mian)灰(hui)綠(lv)色(se)或暗綠(lv)色(se),散胸數油點及細(xi)密的網狀隆起皺紋;內表(biao)面(mian)類白色(se),光(guang)滑。內果(guo)(guo)皮常由(you)基部(bu)與(yu)外果(guo)(guo)皮分離。殘存(cun)種子呈(cheng)卵形(xing),長3~4mm,直徑(jing)2~3mm,表(biao)面(mian)黑(hei)色(se),有光(guang)澤。氣香,味微甜而辛。