閬(lang)中川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)明(ming)參(can),四川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)省(sheng)閬(lang)中市特產,中國(guo)地理(li)標志(zhi)(zhi)產品(pin)(農產品(pin)地理(li)標志(zhi)(zhi))。閬(lang)中川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)明(ming)參(can)原產于(yu)四川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)省(sheng)閬(lang)中市境內海拔500-800米(mi)的(de)丘陵山區(qu),產區(qu)已通過(guo)無(wu)公(gong)害農產品(pin)生(sheng)產基地整體(ti)認(ren)定,為川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)明(ming)參(can)的(de)適生(sheng)區(qu)域。閬(lang)中川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)明(ming)參(can)有300多年的(de)栽培歷(li)史,所(suo)產明(ming)參(can)條勻、體(ti)重、色黃白(bai)、斷面角(jiao)質樣。食用(yong)味(wei)道鮮美,養胃潤腸,清肺益腎,益肝明(ming)目(mu),補血益氣;藥用(yong)可(ke)用(yong)于(yu)肺熱燥咳(ke)、陰虛勞嗽(sou)、干(gan)咳(ke)痰粘(zhan)、氣陰不足、煩熱口干(gan)等癥。
產地環境
閬(lang)(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)市是四川(chuan)省(sheng)省(sheng)轄市,由南(nan)(nan)充市代管。位(wei)于四川(chuan)盆地(di)北部,嘉陵江中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)游。介于東(dong)經105°41′~106°24′,北緯31°22′~31°51′之間。東(dong)靠(kao)巴中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)市、儀隴縣(xian),南(nan)(nan)連南(nan)(nan)部縣(xian),西鄰劍閣縣(xian),北接蒼溪縣(xian)。閬(lang)(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)處(chu)于川(chuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)丘陵區(qu)(qu)(qu)向川(chuan)北低(di)山區(qu)(qu)(qu)過渡地(di)帶(dai)。全(quan)境(jing)東(dong)西北部高(gao),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)南(nan)(nan)部低(di),呈堰尾(wei)槽狀地(di)勢和多(duo)層(ceng)次梯級地(di)形,海(hai)拔(ba)328~888.8米。低(di)山、高(gao)丘、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)丘占(zhan)幅員面積92%,低(di)丘、平壩占(zhan)6.31%,水(shui)域(yu)占(zhan)1.69%。閬(lang)(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬亞熱帶(dai)濕(shi)潤季(ji)風氣(qi)候(hou)區(qu)(qu)(qu),氣(qi)候(hou)溫(wen)和,四季(ji)分明,年(nian)均溫(wen)度17℃,極(ji)端最高(gao)氣(qi)溫(wen)39℃,最低(di)氣(qi)溫(wen)-4℃。常年(nian)無霜(shuang)期290天,年(nian)均日照1400小時,年(nian)均降水(shui)量(liang)1000毫米左右。氣(qi)候(hou)溫(wen)和,雨量(liang)充沛,光(guang)照適(shi)度,同時,該區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)土地(di)肥沃,動植(zhi)物及各(ge)種自然資源豐富。閬(lang)(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)川(chuan)明參原產于閬(lang)(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)市龍泉、千(qian)佛、鶴(he)峰等24個鄉鎮(辦(ban)事處(chu)),處(chu)于海(hai)拔(ba)500-800米的(de)丘陵山區(qu)(qu)(qu),是川(chuan)明參的(de)最佳適(shi)宜種植(zhi)區(qu)(qu)(qu),其獨(du)特(te)(te)的(de)土壤、水(shui)質、氣(qi)候(hou)特(te)(te)點,特(te)(te)別適(shi)合川(chuan)明參生長、發育,產區(qu)(qu)(qu)通過無公害(hai)農產品生產基(ji)地(di)整體認定。
品種特性
川(chuan)明(ming)參,又名沙參、明(ming)參,來源(yuan)于(yu)傘形(xing)科植物川(chuan)明(ming)參(Chuanmingshen violoaceum Sheh et Shan)的根。具有滋(zi)陰(yin)補肺(fei),健脾和(he)胃、生津、解毒等功(gong)效,是(shi)集(ji)醫療、食療為一體(ti)的古之貢品。
閬(lang)中川明(ming)參(can)呈細長圓柱形(xing)、長紡錘形(xing)或不規則條(tiao)塊,長6-20厘(li)米(mi),直徑0.5-2厘(li)米(mi)。表面黃白(bai)(bai)色(se)(se)(se)或淡棕色(se)(se)(se),光滑或有縱溝紋及須(xu)根痕(hen),有的具(ju)紅棕色(se)(se)(se)斑點(dian)。質(zhi)(zhi)硬(ying)而脆,斷面角(jiao)質(zhi)(zhi)樣(yang)(yang),皮部黃白(bai)(bai)色(se)(se)(se),較易(yi)剝離,木(mu)部類白(bai)(bai)色(se)(se)(se)。氣(qi)微,味(wei)淡。以(yi)條(tiao)勻、體重、色(se)(se)(se)黃白(bai)(bai)、斷面角(jiao)質(zhi)(zhi)樣(yang)(yang)者(zhe)為(wei)佳。閬(lang)中川明(ming)參(can)食用味(wei)道鮮美(mei),具(ju)有質(zhi)(zhi)嫩、粉足(zu)、湯鮮等特點(dian),可養胃潤腸,清肺益腎,益肝明(ming)目,補血益氣(qi);藥用可用于肺熱燥咳、陰虛勞嗽、干咳痰粘(zhan)、氣(qi)陰不足(zu)、煩(fan)熱口干等癥。
研究表明(ming)(ming)(ming):閬(lang)中川明(ming)(ming)(ming)參主(zhu)要含(han)有(you)多(duo)糖、補骨脂素(su)、槲皮(pi)素(su)-3-O-葡萄糖醛酸(suan)甙(dai)、蘆丁(ding)、豆甾(zai)醇、豆甾(zai)醇-葡萄糖甙(dai)、棕(zong)櫚酸(suan)及硬脂酸(suan)的混合物(wu)等(deng),并含(han)有(you)豐(feng)富的粗蛋白、磷(lin)脂、礦物(wu)質(zhi)、維(wei)生素(su)、微(wei)量元(yuan)素(su)和十余種(zhong)氨基酸(suan)。川明(ming)(ming)(ming)參水煎煮液(ye)、95%乙醇提取物(wu)以及石油醚提取物(wu)具有(you)明(ming)(ming)(ming)顯的鎮(zhen)咳祛痰(tan)以及增(zeng)強小鼠特異性(xing)及非特異性(xing)體液(ye)免(mian)疫(yi)的作用;川明(ming)(ming)(ming)參多(duo)糖具有(you)增(zeng)強小鼠特異性(xing)及非特異性(xing)體液(ye)免(mian)疫(yi)的作用。