一.產品介紹
房(fang)(fang)縣(xian)(xian)冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)米種(zhong)植歷(li)史悠久,盛(sheng)行于(yu)唐代(dai),曾被做為“貢(gong)品(pin)”,有(you)(you)(you)文字記(ji)載的(de)歷(li)史距今150年,在清代(dai)同治五(wu)年(1866年)出版(ban)的(de)《房(fang)(fang)縣(xian)(xian)志》中,對房(fang)(fang)縣(xian)(xian)冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)米生(sheng)產有(you)(you)(you)這樣的(de)記(ji)載:“谷有(you)(you)(you)粳(jing)、糯二種(zhong)。早晚(wan)谷名十數種(zhong),黃白赤青數色……粳(jing)米有(you)(you)(you)蓋(gai)草黃、冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)……”;其生(sheng)長區域在海拔800米~1200米之間的(de)冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)田,山(shan)泉灌(guan)溉,成熟后的(de)冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)稻殼紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)褐(he)色、有(you)(you)(you)芒(mang),芒(mang)特長,米粒(li)細(xi)長,米色粉紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong),有(you)(you)(you)獨特的(de)米香。米飯色澤(ze)棕紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong),栗香味濃(nong),口(kou)感潤爽。 在房(fang)(fang)縣(xian)(xian)萬(wan)峪河(he)鄉和(he)沙(sha)河(he)鄉還有(you)(you)(you)這樣一個(ge)風(feng)俗(su),每逢女(nv)(nv)兒(er)出嫁必縫制(zhi)一個(ge)大(da)枕(zhen)頭,里面裝上數斤冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)谷子(zi)作陪嫁,求的(de)不僅(jin)是多子(zi)多福,也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)助女(nv)(nv)兒(er)分娩(mian)時補氣(qi)養(yang)血,有(you)(you)(you)利于(yu)恢復體力和(he)增加(jia)乳(ru)汁,故房(fang)(fang)縣(xian)(xian)冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)米又被稱為“月米”。
二(er).自然生態環境和人文歷史因(yin)素
1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地(di)(di)貌情況(kuang):房縣(xian)(xian)(xian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)種(zhong)類(lei)較多,有黃棕壤(rang)(rang)、山地(di)(di)棕壤(rang)(rang)、石灰巖土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、潮土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、紫色土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、水(shui)稻土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)等6個(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)類(lei),15個(ge)亞類(lei),44個(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)屬,146個(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)種(zhong),201個(ge)變種(zhong),總(zong)面積(ji)441862公(gong)頃;全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)中(zhong)性偏堿(jian),普遍缺氮、嚴重缺磷、大部分(fen)缺鉀、有機質含量(liang)偏低(di)、部分(fen)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)物理性能不良;房縣(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)貌由北(bei)(bei)部、中(zhong)部、南部三(san)大地(di)(di)勢部組成,地(di)(di)勢南北(bei)(bei)高(gao),中(zhong)部低(di),四周高(gao)山環繞,由兩(liang)側分(fen)向(xiang)中(zhong)部傾斜,略成盆地(di)(di)形勢;境內山川秀美、溪(xi)谷(gu)交錯,溝壑(he)縱橫,植被(bei)覆蓋率良好,森林覆蓋率77.5 %。房縣(xian)(xian)(xian)冷(leng)水(shui)紅米產區土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層深厚,有機質含量(liang)在1.6 %~5.5%,pH值為(wei)5.5~7.0,多為(wei)冷(leng)浸(jin)田(tian),長期受冷(leng)水(shui)浸(jin)漬,終(zhong)年水(shui)溫(wen)泥(ni)溫(wen)較低(di)而穩定(ding),適宜冷(leng)水(shui)紅水(shui)稻的生長。
2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)文情(qing)況:產(chan)(chan)區(qu)地域遼闊,河溝縱橫,有(you)(you)堵河(發源(yuan)(yuan)于神(shen)農架(jia)林區(qu)陰(yin)峪河)、南河(發源(yuan)(yuan)于神(shen)農架(jia)林區(qu)的(de)溫水(shui)(shui)(shui)河)兩大(da)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系。雨(yu)量充(chong)沛,年(nian)均(jun)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)量為750~1160mm,徑流總量20.5億(yi)m3,年(nian)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)產(chan)(chan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量46.6億(yi)m3,過 境容水(shui)(shui)(shui)量16.4億(yi)m3,水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)(yuan)豐富。產(chan)(chan)區(qu)是南水(shui)(shui)(shui)北調水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)區(qu),境內沒有(you)(you)大(da)型工廠,無(wu)(wu)“三(san)廢”排(pai)放和(he)(he)空(kong)氣污染,土壤沒有(you)(you)重金屬污染歷史。根據環境監測(ce)部門監測(ce),產(chan)(chan)區(qu)地表(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)達(da)到GB 3838—2002《中華人民共和(he)(he)國(guo)國(guo)家標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)地表(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)環境質(zhi)量標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)》的(de)Ⅱ類水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun);水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)感觀良好,無(wu)(wu)色、無(wu)(wu)臭(chou)、無(wu)(wu)味(wei)、透明,PH值5.5~7.5,砷(shen)≤0.05 mg/L、鎘(ge)≤0.005 mg/L、鉛(qian)≤0.05 mg/L,有(you)(you)關指標(biao)符合我(wo)國(guo)和(he)(he)世界衛生組織制定的(de)飲(yin)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)準(zhun)(zhun)則。
3、氣(qi)候(hou)情況(kuang):產(chan)區屬北(bei)亞(ya)熱帶季(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)候(hou)區,四季(ji)分明(ming),日(ri)均(jun)溫10~15°C,晝夜溫差明(ming)顯(xian);年(nian)(nian)均(jun)空氣(qi)相對濕度75%;年(nian)(nian)日(ri)照時(shi)數1700~2000小(xiao)時(shi),無霜期170~240天;區域內年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)的(de)差別(bie)不大,總的(de)特(te)點是南部(bu)地(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)(shi)高的(de)地(di)(di)(di)方降(jiang)水(shui)多(duo),北(bei)部(bu)地(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)(shi)低的(de)地(di)(di)(di)方降(jiang)水(shui)略少,年(nian)(nian)均(jun)雨(yu)量(liang)750~1160 mm,降(jiang)水(shui)集中在4~10月(yue)份(fen),占(zhan)全年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)的(de)85%,其(qi)季(ji)節(jie)分布是:3~5月(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)為(wei)236 mm,占(zhan)26%;6~8月(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)為(wei)406 mm,占(zhan)44%;9~11月(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)為(wei)227 mm,占(zhan)25%;12~2月(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)為(wei)45 mm,占(zhan)5%;雨(yu)日(ri)在100~140天之(zhi)間(jian),年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)雨(yu)日(ri)117天,雨(yu)日(ri)由(you)北(bei)向南逐漸(jian)增多(duo);產(chan)區生態環境優(you)良,大氣(qi)清新(xin)無污染,符合GB3095–2012的(de)Ⅰ級(ji)標(biao)準。
4、人(ren)文(wen)歷(li)(li)史情況:房縣(xian)冷水(shui)紅米(mi)(mi)(mi)有(you)(you)文(wen)字記載(zai)的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)史有(you)(you)148年(nian)(nian),清代同治(zhi)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(1866年(nian)(nian),距今(jin)148年(nian)(nian))出(chu)版的(de)(de)(de)《房縣(xian)志》和(he)民國(guo)24年(nian)(nian)(1935年(nian)(nian),距今(jin)79年(nian)(nian))出(chu)版的(de)(de)(de)《房縣(xian)志》中,對(dui)房縣(xian)冷水(shui)紅米(mi)(mi)(mi)生(sheng)產均(jun)有(you)(you)這樣的(de)(de)(de)記載(zai):谷有(you)(you)粳、糯(nuo)二種。早晚谷名十數種,黃白赤青數色……粳米(mi)(mi)(mi)有(you)(you)蓋(gai)草黃、冷水(shui)紅……。 房縣(xian)冷水(shui)紅米(mi)(mi)(mi)適宜的(de)(de)(de)栽培(pei)區域在(zai)海(hai)拔800米(mi)(mi)(mi)~1200米(mi)(mi)(mi)之間,種植地(di)塊多為(wei)(wei)高(gao)(gao)山梯田,海(hai)拔較(jiao)高(gao)(gao),生(sheng)態系統較(jiao)為(wei)(wei)封閉,晝夜(ye)溫差大,有(you)(you)利于營(ying)養物(wu)質的(de)(de)(de)積(ji)累;種植地(di)域的(de)(de)(de)森林覆蓋(gai)率(lv)普遍高(gao)(gao)于全縣(xian)77.5%的(de)(de)(de)平均(jun)值,土壤有(you)(you)機質含量≥2.5%,富含水(shui)稻生(sheng)長所(suo)需的(de)(de)(de)礦物(wu)質和(he)其它營(ying)養物(wu)質;水(shui)田灌溉用水(shui)多為(wei)(wei)山泉(quan)水(shui)(冷水(shui)),形成冷浸田,終年(nian)(nian)水(shui)溫泥溫較(jiao)低而穩(wen)定(ding),有(you)(you)利于提高(gao)(gao)其部分(fen)營(ying)養物(wu)質的(de)(de)(de)含量;房縣(xian)冷水(shui)紅米(mi)(mi)(mi)有(you)(you)文(wen)字記載(zai)的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)史有(you)(you)148年(nian)(nian),長期(qi)精(jing)耕細 作,有(you)(you)利于技術創(chuang)新和(he)品質的(de)(de)(de)提高(gao)(gao)。以(yi)上特(te)殊的(de)(de)(de)地(di)理(li)和(he)人(ren)文(wen)歷(li)(li)史等因素形成并(bing)保(bao)證(zheng)了房縣(xian)冷水(shui)紅米(mi)(mi)(mi)特(te)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)品質特(te)征。
三.地域范圍
房縣(xian)冷水紅(hong)米產(chan)地范圍(wei)為湖北(bei)(bei)省(sheng)房縣(xian)沙河鄉(xiang)(xiang)、萬(wan)峪河鄉(xiang)(xiang)、青(qing)峰鎮(zhen)、門古寺(si)鎮(zhen)、土(tu)城鎮(zhen)、白鶴(he)鎮(zhen)、野人(ren)谷鎮(zhen)、窯淮(huai)鎮(zhen)、上(shang)龕(kan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、九道鄉(xiang)(xiang)等10個(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen),涉及38個(ge)村。其地理(li)位(wei)(wei)置位(wei)(wei)于東經110°02′~111°15′、北(bei)(bei)緯31°34′~32°31′,生(sheng)長于海拔800~1200米,生(sheng)產(chan)面積800公頃,總產(chan)量(liang)1116噸,總產(chan)值(zhi)6240萬(wan)元(yuan)。
四(si).產品品質特(te)性特(te)征(zheng)
1、外(wai)觀(guan)特(te)性特(te)征(zheng):房縣(xian)冷水紅(hong)米(mi)(mi),稻(dao)谷深褐色(se),糙米(mi)(mi)橢圓形,棕(zong)紅(hong)色(se),有光(guang)澤(ze)(ze),順紋。米(mi)(mi)粒(li)均長6.3mm,寬3.4mm,糙米(mi)(mi)千粒(li)重(zhong)22.3g。米(mi)(mi)飯(fan)色(se)澤(ze)(ze)棕(zong)紅(hong),栗香味濃(nong),口感潤爽。
2、內在品(pin)質指(zhi)標:每100g冷水紅(hong)糙米含粗蛋(dan)白≥8g、氨基酸(suan)≥6.5g、直鏈淀(dian)粉含量15~20 %。 3、產(chan)品(pin)質量安全(quan):房縣冷水紅(hong)米生產(chan)過程(cheng)執行《無公害(hai)食品(pin)水稻(dao)生產(chan)技術(shu)規(gui)程(cheng)》(NY/T5117—2002)、《無公害(hai)食品(pin)稻(dao)米加工技術(shu)規(gui)范》(NY/T5190—2002)標準。