一.產地環境
忻(xin)(xin)州市地處(chu)山西(xi)省(sheng)北(bei)(bei)中部,東經112°17'~112°58',北(bei)(bei)38°13'~38°41',無霜期(qi)(qi)167.1天,平均地表氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)14℃~12.8℃,年降(jiang)水(shui)量420-470毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。悠(you)久的(de)種(zhong)植歷史、獨特(te)(te)的(de)地理(li)位置、地質(zhi)條(tiao)件(jian)以及日(ri)照、水(shui)肥(fei)等優(you)勢最適(shi)合(he)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)糯玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)生長(chang),其(qi)營養、糖分的(de)積累聚合(he)和含量等均優(you)于(yu)其(qi)他(ta)地區。忻(xin)(xin)州玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)是(shi)秋糧作物,喜光、喜溫(wen)(wen),從播種(zhong)出苗(miao)(miao)到成(cheng)熟的(de)整個生長(chang)發(fa)(fa)育(yu)要求(qiu)有(you)較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)、充(chong)足的(de)陽(yang)光和水(shui)分條(tiao)件(jian)。它生長(chang)發(fa)(fa)育(yu)的(de)每個階(jie)段(duan)對(dui)氣(qi)(qi)象條(tiao)件(jian)的(de)要求(qiu)很高(gao),從播種(zhong)到出苗(miao)(miao)需(xu)水(shui)量少(shao),出苗(miao)(miao)拔節期(qi)(qi)需(xu)水(shui)增(zeng)(zeng)加,拔節期(qi)(qi)至抽雄期(qi)(qi)需(xu)水(shui)量大(da)增(zeng)(zeng),灌漿期(qi)(qi)及成(cheng)熟期(qi)(qi)仍耗(hao)水(shui)較(jiao)多,乳熟期(qi)(qi)以后(hou)需(xu)水(shui)逐(zhu)漸減少(shao),即(ji)生長(chang)發(fa)(fa)育(yu)對(dui)降(jiang)水(shui)的(de)需(xu)求(qiu)是(shi)兩頭少(shao)中間多,4月(yue)—5月(yue)份(fen)需(xu)水(shui)少(shao),6月(yue)—8月(yue)需(xu)水(shui)最多,9月(yue)份(fen)后(hou)又較(jiao)少(shao)。忻(xin)(xin)州的(de)降(jiang)水(shui)特(te)(te)點正好與甜(tian)(tian)(tian)糯玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)生長(chang)發(fa)(fa)育(yu)的(de)需(xu)水(shui)特(te)(te)點相(xiang)吻合(he)。忻(xin)(xin)州又屬(shu)溫(wen)(wen)帶半干旱氣(qi)(qi)候,其(qi)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)和光照條(tiao)件(jian)極適(shi)宜(yi)于(yu)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)糯玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)生長(chang)發(fa)(fa)育(yu)所需(xu)氣(qi)(qi)象條(tiao)件(jian),同時忻(xin)(xin)州晝夜溫(wen)(wen)差(cha)大(da)形成(cheng)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)糯玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)糖份(fen)積累多,香甜(tian)(tian)(tian)軟(ruan)糯,品質(zhi)極佳。忻(xin)(xin)州甜(tian)(tian)(tian)糯玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)集雜(za)糧、蔬菜、水(shui)果(guo)三性(xing)為一(yi)體,倍(bei)受人們(men)青睞。
二.品質特點
忻州甜(tian)糯玉米(mi)種(zhong)(zhong)類較多(duo)、品(pin)(pin)質極(ji)佳。鮮食(shi)(shi)甜(tian)糯玉米(mi)又(you)似(si)雜糧(liang)、又(you)似(si)蔬菜、又(you)似(si)水果,是(shi)一種(zhong)(zhong)獨特的新型健康食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin);忻州市甜(tian)糯玉米(mi)由于種(zhong)(zhong)植區域無霜期間長、光照充足(zu)、晝夜溫差較大,因此(ci)糖分(fen)(fen)積累多(duo),香(xiang)甜(tian)軟糯品(pin)(pin)質好,名列全中國前(qian)茅(mao)。另外(wai)從種(zhong)(zhong)類上講不僅有甜(tian)、糯之分(fen)(fen),速凍與真空包(bao)裝(zhuang)之分(fen)(fen),鮮穗和(he)鮮粒之分(fen)(fen),而且(qie)有黃、白、黑(hei)、紫五彩等多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong),尤其是(shi)大多(duo)數企業(ye)已獲得了綠(lv)色食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)認證,在全中國享受盛譽(yu)。加工過程無任何添(tian)加劑,為“原(yuan)生態食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)”。
三.生產情況
忻州(zhou)是中(zhong)國最(zui)早(zao)引(yin)進種植(zhi)糯(nuo)玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)并加(jia)工(gong)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu),全市(shi)(shi)糯(nuo)玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)種植(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積從20世(shi)紀(ji)(ji)九十年(nian)(nian)代末的(de)1萬(wan)多畝(mu),2005年(nian)(nian)發(fa)展(zhan)到(dao)10萬(wan)畝(mu),成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)山西省糯(nuo)玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)種植(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積最(zui)大的(de)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)。全市(shi)(shi)加(jia)工(gong)糯(nuo)玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)企業(ye)(ye)有(you)30多家(jia),注冊了天維爾、維寶甜(tian)(tian)、三力、穗穗甜(tian)(tian)等七八個商標,產(chan)品遠銷(xiao)北京、上海、廣州(zhou)和東(dong)南(nan)亞國家(jia)。到(dao)21世(shi)紀(ji)(ji)初(chu),忻州(zhou)甜(tian)(tian)糯(nuo)玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)格局已(yi)(yi)經(jing)形成(cheng)。到(dao)2011年(nian)(nian),已(yi)(yi)發(fa)展(zhan)有(you)甜(tian)(tian)糯(nuo)玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)加(jia)工(gong)、冷貯企業(ye)(ye)30余(yu)家(jia),訂(ding)單生產(chan)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)達10萬(wan)余(yu)畝(mu),年(nian)(nian)產(chan)量達2.5億穗左右。產(chan)品遠銷(xiao)中(zhong)國各地(di)(di)(di),有(you)的(de)通過沿(yan)海進出口貿易(yi)公司(si)銷(xiao)往海外。同時在發(fa)展(zhan)過程中(zhong)已(yi)(yi)經(jing)培養與鍛煉出一批種植(zhi)與加(jia)工(gong)技術人(ren)才。為(wei)(wei)了該產(chan)業(ye)(ye)健康發(fa)展(zhan),以市(shi)(shi)農業(ye)(ye)委員會牽頭(tou),聯合有(you)關加(jia)工(gong)企業(ye)(ye)及基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)與各級農技部門,已(yi)(yi)專門成(cheng)立了忻州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)甜(tian)(tian)糯(nuo)玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)合作協會,為(wei)(wei)該產(chan)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)能夠對企業(ye)(ye)與基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)提(ti)供產(chan)前、產(chan)中(zhong)、產(chan)后全方位服務。
四.自然(ran)生態環(huan)境和人(ren)文歷史因素
1.氣候(hou)情(qing)況:忻府區屬暖溫(wen)(wen)(wen)帶季(ji)(ji)風(feng)氣候(hou),夏季(ji)(ji)多(duo)東南風(feng),冬季(ji)(ji)多(duo)西北(bei)風(feng),春溫(wen)(wen)(wen)高于秋(qiu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen),夏季(ji)(ji)過后秋(qiu)高氣爽(shuang)。年平均(jun)日(ri)照時(shi)數為(wei)2677.7小時(shi)。無霜期(qi)均(jun)在167天左右。年平均(jun)地表(biao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度14.4-12.8℃,有效積溫(wen)(wen)(wen)為(wei)3050℃--3490℃。年降水量(liang)420—470毫米,主要(yao)集中(zhong)在7、8、9三個月,年均(jun)相(xiang)對(dui)濕度60%,年蒸發量(liang)1768mm。由于無霜期(qi)長(chang),光照充足,晝夜溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差大,糖份積累多(duo),因此這里產的糯玉米香(xiang)甜軟糯,品質(zhi)極佳,是產品的獨特生長(chang)氣候(hou)條件。
2.水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi):包括水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源和水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)情況(kuang)及影響(xiang)因子(zi)。忻(xin)府區(qu)境內(nei)有(you)(you)滹沱河(he)(he)、云中河(he)(he)、牧(mu)馬河(he)(he)三條(tiao)較大(da)的(de)(de)河(he)(he)流,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文地(di)(di)質(zhi)條(tiao)件(jian)受地(di)(di)質(zhi)構造、自然地(di)(di)理條(tiao)件(jian)等(deng)的(de)(de)綜合影響(xiang),甚為(wei)(wei)(wei)復雜多樣,從山(shan)區(qu)到(dao)平(ping)原(yuan),有(you)(you)一(yi)定的(de)(de)規律性(xing),基巖山(shan)地(di)(di)有(you)(you)裂(lie)隙水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),山(shan)麓邊沿洪(hong)積物(wu)中的(de)(de)潛水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)是(shi)境內(nei)重要(yao)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)類(lei)型之(zhi)一(yi),盆地(di)(di)中的(de)(de)潛水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)及承壓水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),更是(shi)忻(xin)府區(qu)重要(yao)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)類(lei)型,也是(shi)農田灌(guan)溉的(de)(de)重要(yao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)符合有(you)(you)機食品相應(ying)的(de)(de)標準要(yao)求(NY-X123-2000),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)質(zhi)量(liang)合格。區(qu)域可(ke)開采的(de)(de)地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)總量(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)1.13億立(li)方米(mi),地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源較為(wei)(wei)(wei)豐富(fu)。境內(nei)有(you)(you)三座水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫:米(mi)家寨水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫、雙乳(ru)山(shan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫和歲興水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫。前兩座位于云中河(he)(he)的(de)(de)干流上,即(ji)將投入使用(yong)的(de)(de)歲興水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫位于牧(mu)馬河(he)(he)的(de)(de)干流上,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫控制流域面積496平(ping)方公里,庫容2903萬(wan)立(li)方米(mi),含(han)儲了(le)豐富(fu)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源,為(wei)(wei)(wei)調節氣候、保(bao)持水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)土(tu)、保(bao)護植(zhi)被、灌(guan)溉農田提供了(le)得(de)天(tian)獨厚的(de)(de)條(tiao)件(jian)。
3.土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)(di)貌情況:忻(xin)(xin)府區境(jing)內地(di)(di)形西(xi)高東(dong)低,西(xi)南兩面為(wei)山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)、丘陵(ling),東(dong)面為(wei)忻(xin)(xin)定盆(pen)地(di)(di),北面金銀山(shan)(shan)把盆(pen)地(di)(di)分(fen)割成(cheng)奇村(cun)寬谷和滹沱河階(jie)地(di)(di)兩部(bu)分(fen),境(jing)內平川(chuan)多而山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)少,平川(chuan)占40.7%,山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)占20%,其余(yu)39.3%為(wei)丘陵(ling)區。盆(pen)地(di)(di)區由黃土(tu)(tu)丘陵(ling)、山(shan)(shan)前傾斜平原(yuan)和沖積平原(yuan)組成(cheng),地(di)(di)形平坦(tan),水(shui)利和土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)條件(jian)較(jiao)好(hao),全區耕(geng)地(di)(di)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類型為(wei)褐土(tu)(tu)、潮土(tu)(tu)。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)養分(fen)有(you)機質(zhi)平均(jun)為(wei)13.61g/kg,堿解氮78.56mg/kg,有(you)效磷15.31mg/kg,速效鉀131.61mg/kg。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)pH值7.5-8.2,呈(cheng)中(zhong)性或微堿性。城(cheng)區東(dong)、西(xi)素有(you)“水(shui)旱紅(hong)精”之稱(cheng),是山(shan)(shan)西(xi)省主要(yao)商品糧基地(di)(di)之一。