產品品質特性特征(zheng)
(1)外(wai)在(zai)感官特征:占圩(wei)紅(hong)(hong)薯(shu)頂葉色(se)綠、莖色(se)綠,葉形(xing)(xing)缺刻。單株(zhu)結(jie)薯(shu)4-6個,單塊(kuai)重200-400克,薯(shu)塊(kuai)呈紡綞形(xing)(xing),薯(shu)皮紅(hong)(hong)色(se),薯(shu)肉淡桔紅(hong)(hong)。生食脆甜,有清(qing)香味,熟(shu)食軟甜,粗纖維少。
(2)內在品質指(zhi)標(biao):含(han)淀粉11.5%—13.1%;還原糖2.36%—3.14%;維(wei)生(sheng)素C15.7mg/100g—17.3 mg/100g;鉀232 mg/100g —283mg/100g ;粗纖(xian)維(wei)0.59%-0.71%。
(3)質量安全要(yao)求(qiu):占圩紅薯產(chan)地(di)環境(jing)符合NY/T5010-2016《無公害農產(chan)品 種(zhong)植(zhi)業產(chan)地(di)環境(jing)條件》要(yao)求(qiu)。
地域范圍
東(dong)鄉縣(xian)占(zhan)圩鎮(zhen)位于江西(xi)(xi)省的(de)西(xi)(xi)部(bu),東(dong)臨本(ben)縣(xian)圩上橋(qiao)鎮(zhen),西(xi)(xi)接臨川區,北靠(kao)進(jin)賢縣(xian)。南接馬圩鎮(zhen),占(zhan)圩紅薯保護范圍為東(dong)鄉縣(xian)占(zhan)圩鎮(zhen),保護范圍位于東(dong)經116°45′08〞—116°51′00〞,北緯28°08′21〞—28°14′35〞。保護規模為700公頃(qing),年(nian)產量18900噸(dun)。
自(zi)然生態環境和人(ren)文歷史因素
占圩地(di)(di)處贛東丘陵(ling)與鄱陽湖平(ping)原過渡地(di)(di)帶(dai),屬亞熱(re)帶(dai)濕潤季(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)候,氣(qi)候溫和,雨量豐沛(pei)、光照(zhao)充足、熱(re)量豐富(fu)、四(si)季(ji)分明;年平(ping)均氣(qi)溫17.6度,平(ping)均日照(zhao)時間1831.9小時,年無霜期為271天;土壤多為紅壤,形成(cheng)了 “占圩紅薯”種(zhong)植的獨特(te)自(zi)然生態環境。
特定生產方式
(1)產地要求(qiu):占(zhan)圩(wei)紅薯要選擇(ze)陽光充足、耕作(zuo)層深度40-50厘米以(yi)上、通氣(qi)爽水、富含磷(lin)、鉀成分的(de)紅壤土質(zhi)種植(zhi)。
(2)品種選擇(ze):當地(di)占(zhan)圩紅薯品種。
(3)生(sheng)(sheng)產管(guan)理(li): ①選(xuan)種(zhong):選(xuan)擇中(zhong)(zhong)等大小(150克(ke)—220克(ke)),皮色鮮明(ming)無病斑的(de)(de)(de)(de)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)圩(wei)紅(hong)(hong)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)塊做種(zhong)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)。②育(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao):占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)圩(wei)紅(hong)(hong)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)主要(yao)選(xuan)用(yong)溫(wen)(wen)床(chuang)育(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)。即選(xuan)擇地下(xia)水位低(di)(di)(di)、排水方便(bian)、避風(feng)向(xiang)陽、3—5年(nian)未(wei)種(zhong)過(guo)紅(hong)(hong)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)疏松土壤做為(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)床(chuang)。將(jiang)新(xin)鮮畜糞(fen)、作物(wu)(wu)秸稈等釀熱物(wu)(wu)分層墊放,厚度(du)50cm左(zuo)右。在(zai)(zai)3月上(shang)旬將(jiang)選(xuan)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)按照塊頭(tou)部朝(chao)上(shang),底(di)部朝(chao)下(xia),大薯(shu)(shu)(shu)排深小薯(shu)(shu)(shu)排淺的(de)(de)(de)(de)方式排種(zhong),排種(zhong)密度(du)13cm×16cm。排種(zhong)后(hou)覆(fu)(fu)土,土層不宜過(guo)厚,用(yong)地膜(mo)低(di)(di)(di)拱覆(fu)(fu)蓋保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)。③苗(miao)(miao)(miao)床(chuang)管(guan)理(li):堅持前期高溫(wen)(wen)催芽,中(zhong)(zhong)期適溫(wen)(wen)長苗(miao)(miao)(miao),后(hou)期低(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)煉苗(miao)(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)控制(zhi)原則,主要(yao)通(tong)過(guo)低(di)(di)(di)拱膜(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)蓋、揭管(guan)理(li)來調溫(wen)(wen)控溫(wen)(wen)。床(chuang)溫(wen)(wen)保(bao)持在(zai)(zai)30℃—35℃,溫(wen)(wen)度(du)超過(guo)30℃要(yao)及(ji)時(shi)揭膜(mo)降溫(wen)(wen),在(zai)(zai)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)不低(di)(di)(di)于20℃時(shi),揭膜(mo)煉苗(miao)(miao)(miao)。苗(miao)(miao)(miao)床(chuang)不宜過(guo)干或(huo)過(guo)濕(shi),保(bao)持床(chuang)土濕(shi)潤。④大田栽培(pei):待(dai)5月下(xia)旬選(xuan)擇土層深厚、土質(zhi)疏松、通(tong)氣(qi)(qi)良好(hao)、肥沃適度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)土壤深耕(geng),待(dai)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)高20cm—25cm左(zuo)右時(shi)即可(ke)剪苗(miao)(miao)(miao)栽插(cha)。要(yao)求畝施腐熟的(de)(de)(de)(de)廄肥110公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)—150公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin),石灰80公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)—100公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)。移栽成活(huo)后(hou)新(xin)蔓長5cm—10cm時(shi)追(zhui)施苗(miao)(miao)(miao)肥。⑤田間管(guan)理(li):在(zai)(zai)插(cha)后(hou)3天—7天要(yao)及(ji)時(shi)查苗(miao)(miao)(miao)補(bu)(bu)蔸,對補(bu)(bu)栽的(de)(de)(de)(de)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)要(yao)實行重點管(guan)。薯(shu)(shu)(shu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)活(huo)蔸后(hou)進行第一次(ci)中(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng),隔10天—15天再中(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)一次(ci),在(zai)(zai)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)蔓滿田前完成第三次(ci)中(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)。⑥收獲:占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)圩(wei)紅(hong)(hong)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)一般在(zai)(zai)10月中(zhong)(zhong)、下(xia)旬初(chu)霜前收獲。⑦生(sheng)(sheng)產記(ji)錄(lu):建立完善的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產記(ji)錄(lu)檔案,確(que)保(bao)記(ji)錄(lu)檔案可(ke)追(zhui)溯占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)圩(wei)紅(hong)(hong)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)實際生(sheng)(sheng)產全過(guo)程,檔案資料(liao)準確(que)、清晰、完善。