芒果视频

一.產品介紹

向日(ri)葵是甘南縣的(de)(de)特(te)產。古籍(ji)記(ji)載(zai)向日(ri)葵約在(zai)明朝時引入中(zhong)國(guo)，如(ru)(ru)今所知最早記(ji)載(zai)向日(ri)葵的(de)(de)文獻為明朝人王(wang)象晉所著《群芳譜》。該書中(zhong)尚(shang)無“向日(ri)葵”一名(ming)，只(zhi)在(zai)“花(hua)譜三(san)菊(ju)”中(zhong)附(fu)“丈菊(ju)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)稱，原文如(ru)(ru)下：“丈菊(ju)－名(ming)本番菊(ju)－名(ming)迎陽花(hua)，莖長丈余，稈堅(jian)粗如(ru)(ru)竹，葉類麻，多直生(sheng)，雖(sui)有(you)分(fen)枝，只(zhi)生(sheng)一花(hua)大如(ru)(ru)盤盂，單(dan)瓣色黃心皆作窠如(ru)(ru)蜂房狀，至秋漸紫黑而堅(jian)，取其子(zi)中(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甚易生(sheng)”。“向日(ri)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)，見于文震亨《長物志(zhi)》。早在(zai)十九世(shi)紀50年(nian)代甘南縣已有(you)了葵花(hua)的(de)(de)種植(zhi)，到二十世(shi)紀50、60年(nian)代開始了大面(mian)積種植(zhi)。2005年(nian)總(zong)播種面(mian)積達到了80萬(wan)畝，占(zhan)全(quan)省食(shi)(shi)用向日(ri)葵種植(zhi)面(mian)積的(de)(de)1/3，占(zhan)全(quan)國(guo)食(shi)(shi)用向日(ri)葵種植(zhi)面(mian)積的(de)(de)1/10，總(zong)產達2.4億(yi)(yi)斤，銷售收入4.8億(yi)(yi)元(yuan)，是全(quan)國(guo)最大的(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)用向日(ri)葵生(sheng)產基(ji)地(di)(di)和(he)銷售集散地(di)(di)。2000年(nian)8月(yue)，甘南縣被中(zhong)國(guo)特(te)產之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鄉組委會命名(ming)為“中(zhong)國(guo)向日(ri)葵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鄉”，2002年(nian)以齊(qi)齊(qi)哈爾港聯公司加(jia)工(gong)(gong)企業為主體的(de)(de)4萬(wan)畝向日(ri)葵加(jia)工(gong)(gong)原料基(ji)地(di)(di)通(tong)過國(guo)家(jia)綠色食(shi)(shi)品發展中(zhong)心認(ren)證為A級綠色食(shi)(shi)品，2011年(nian)甘南葵花(hua)籽被核定為中(zhong)國(guo)國(guo)家(jia)地(di)(di)理標志(zhi)保護產品，更將甘南縣“向日(ri)葵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鄉”美譽名(ming)揚四海(hai)。

二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素

（1）土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地貌情況：甘南縣地勢北部(bu)、西部(bu)為丘(qiu)陵漫(man)崗區(qu)，以黑土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)為主(zhu)， 東部(bu)及南部(bu)為平(ping)原區(qu)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)主(zhu)要(yao)有草甸土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、暗棕壤(rang)(rang)、黑鈣土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)，以草甸土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)面積(ji)較(jiao)多(duo)，以中(zhong)性(xing)粘(zhan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)和砂壤(rang)(rang)質草甸土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)為主(zhu)，有機質含量3.6％一(yi)4％，PH值在6.0—8.0之間，土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)含鹽量0.3％以下，肥力中(zhong)等(deng)偏(pian)上。

（2）水(shui)文情(qing)況(kuang)：甘南縣(xian)屬嫩江(jiang)和(he)阿音(yin)(yin)河(he)谷沖積平原(yuan)，地下(xia)水(shui)較豐(feng)富，主要(yao)是(shi)砂礫石層及亞粘土(tu)的(de)潛(qian)水(shui)，地下(xia)水(shui)含水(shui)層厚(hou)度30～50米(mi)，埋(mai)深(shen)3～5米(mi)，降深(shen)5米(mi)的(de)單井日出水(shui)量2000～4000噸(dun)。全縣(xian)主要(yao)流域有(you)一江(jiang)三河(he)，即嫩江(jiang)、音(yin)(yin)河(he)、阿倫(lun)河(he)、諾(nuo)敏河(he)。多年(nian)平均(jun)徑流深(shen)為(wei)60mm，徑流總量2，88億(yi)立(li)方米(mi)，加之界(jie)外(wai)徑流進入我縣(xian)蓄(xu)存，地表水(shui)總量9.67億(yi)立(li)方米(mi)，可利用量8.9億(yi)立(li)方米(mi)，地下(xia)總蓄(xu)水(shui)量7.10立(li)方米(mi)，可開采量5.37億(yi)立(li)方米(mi)。沿岸土(tu)壤較肥沃，是(shi)發展種植業(ye)和(he)牧業(ye)的(de)良好基地。 按照《農用水(shui)源環境質(zhi)量監(jian)測(ce)技術規范》（NY5332-2006）的(de)要(yao)求，對產地的(de)灌溉用水(shui)進行監(jian)測(ce)，評價結果表明，葵花產地灌溉水(shui)所監(jian)測(ce)項(xiang)目檢測(ce)值均(jun)未見超標，判定灌溉水(shui)質(zhi)合(he)格。

（3）氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候情況：葵(kui)花(hua)(hua)種(zhong)植區屬(shu)中溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)帶大陸性(xing)季風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)雨量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)455毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)2.6℃，日(ri)照時數為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)2600～2900小(xiao)時，無霜(shuang)期為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)125～145天。有效積(ji)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)2682.8℃，晝夜溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)差大，利(li)于農作物碳水(shui)(shui)(shui)化合(he)物和蛋(dan)白質的合(he)成(cheng)，光(guang)熱資源充(chong)足，是(shi)黑龍江省(sheng)熱量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)最(zui)(zui)好(hao)的地(di)區之(zhi)一。該氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候特(te)(te)點為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)葵(kui)花(hua)(hua)的生(sheng)長發(fa)(fa)育提供了極其有利(li)的條件。 四季氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候特(te)(te)點是(shi)： 春季(3—5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue))回暖快，降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)少，多(duo)大風，易(yi)干(gan)旱。三月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)零(ling)下(xia)5.8℃，五(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份13.5℃，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)每月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)升溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)10度(du)(du)左右。3—5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)49.2毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)，占年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)10.8%。 夏季（6-8）溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)熱多(duo)雨。平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)21.8℃，最(zui)(zui)熱月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)（7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)）平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)27.3℃， 平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)日(ri)最(zui)(zui)高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)28℃。全季日(ri)最(zui)(zui)高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)≥30℃日(ri)數，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)19天。平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang) 雨量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)324.4毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)，七月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)雨量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)達(da)146.7毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)。 秋(qiu)季(9—10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue))降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明顯，秋(qiu)霜(shuang)早，降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)偏(pian)少多(duo)晴天。10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)3.7℃，與9月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)13.1℃相比，降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)10度(du)(du)左右。9—10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)69.8毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)，占年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)15.3％。 冬季(11—2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue))嚴寒漫(man)長，少雪(xue)干(gan)燥。11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)大地(di)封凍(dong)，嚴冬到來，冬季平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)零(ling)下(xia)14.7℃，最(zui)(zui)冷月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(1月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue))平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)零(ling)下(xia)19.2度(du)(du)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)日(ri)最(zui)(zui)低氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)零(ling)下(xia)24.5℃，全季日(ri)最(zui)(zui)低氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)≤零(ling)下(xia)30℃日(ri)數平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)6天，11-2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)1.7毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)，僅占年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)2.6%。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)蒸發(fa)(fa)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1499.8毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)，是(shi)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的3.3倍(bei)。五(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份蒸發(fa)(fa)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的7倍(bei)。毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)113.8毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)，主要降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)集中在6-9月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份，占全年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)83%，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)蒸發(fa)(fa)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1499.8毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)，是(shi)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的13倍(bei)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)日(ri)蒸發(fa)(fa)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)4.1。

（4）人文(wen)歷(li)史情況：甘(gan)南(nan)(nan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)位于黑龍(long)江(jiang)省(sheng)西北部，大興安嶺南(nan)(nan)麓(lu)與松嫩平原過(guo)(guo)渡地帶(dai)，是一個以(yi)(yi)種植(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)的縣(xian)(xian)(xian)份，為(wei)(wei)國家扶貧(pin)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)重點縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)幅(fu)員面積4792平方公里，耕地面積278萬畝，全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)37萬人口，其中農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)人口24萬。早在十(shi)九世紀(ji)(ji)50年(nian)代已(yi)(yi)有(you)了(le)葵(kui)花(hua)(hua)的種植(zhi)(zhi)，到二十(shi)世紀(ji)(ji)50、60年(nian)代開始了(le)大面積種植(zhi)(zhi)，在種植(zhi)(zhi)葵(kui)花(hua)(hua)上有(you)著傳統(tong)的種植(zhi)(zhi)習(xi)慣，并(bing)積累了(le)豐富的經(jing)(jing)驗。長(chang)期以(yi)(yi)來(lai)，甘(gan)南(nan)(nan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)始終(zhong)把選擇(ze)適宜我縣(xian)(xian)(xian)種植(zhi)(zhi)，并(bing)能有(you)效抗御(yu)自然風(feng)險和市(shi)場(chang)風(feng)險的優(you)勢(shi)作(zuo)(zuo)物和優(you)勢(shi)品(pin)種作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)加快農(nong)村經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的一項重要工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)來(lai)抓。經(jing)(jing)過(guo)(guo)多年(nian)實踐，我縣(xian)(xian)(xian)確定發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)葵(kui)花(hua)(hua)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)導作(zuo)(zuo)物，并(bing)率先(xian)在1978年(nian)就(jiu)成立了(le)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)向(xiang)(xiang)日(ri)(ri)(ri)葵(kui)研究所。該(gai)研究所育(yu)成了(le)有(you)自主(zhu)(zhu)知識產(chan)權的甘(gan)葵(kui)系(xi)列向(xiang)(xiang)日(ri)(ri)(ri)葵(kui)品(pin)種，甘(gan)葵(kui)品(pin)種不僅在甘(gan)南(nan)(nan)廣泛種植(zhi)(zhi)，而且已(yi)(yi)推廣至東北向(xiang)(xiang)日(ri)(ri)(ri)葵(kui)產(chan)區，尤其是甘(gan)葵(kui)2號的育(yu)成獲得(de)了(le)《中國第(di)七屆(jie)楊凌高新技術博覽會后稷(ji)金像獎》、《齊(qi)(qi)齊(qi)(qi)哈爾市(shi)政府科技進步一等(deng)獎》。2000年(nian)被中國特(te)產(chan)之(zhi)鄉組委會命名為(wei)(wei)“中國向(xiang)(xiang)日(ri)(ri)(ri)葵(kui)之(zhi)鄉”。2004年(nian)吸引(yin)(yin)來(lai)了(le)全(quan)國炒(chao)(chao)(chao)貨(huo)(huo)排(pai)(pai)行第(di)三的內蒙(meng)古知心仁集團在甘(gan)南(nan)(nan)投資(zi)建廠(chang)。2005年(nian)又通(tong)過(guo)(guo)以(yi)(yi)商招商的形式(shi)(shi)吸引(yin)(yin)來(lai)全(quan)國炒(chao)(chao)(chao)貨(huo)(huo)排(pai)(pai)行第(di)一的華泰(tai)集團（洽洽瓜(gua)子）來(lai)甘(gan)南(nan)(nan)做炒(chao)(chao)(chao)貨(huo)(huo)深加工(gong)。甘(gan)南(nan)(nan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)委、縣(xian)(xian)(xian)政府把葵(kui)花(hua)(hua)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)富民強縣(xian)(xian)(xian)的優(you)勢(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)導產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)得(de)以(yi)(yi)實現(xian)，并(bing)形成了(le)龍(long)頭企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)+科研+基地（農(nong)產(chan)）的發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)模式(shi)(shi)。甘(gan)南(nan)(nan)葵(kui)花(hua)(hua)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)支柱(zhu)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，以(yi)(yi)品(pin)牌為(wei)(wei)先(xian)鋒(feng)，以(yi)(yi)科研為(wei)(wei)基礎，以(yi)(yi)公司(si)為(wei)(wei)龍(long)頭，以(yi)(yi)向(xiang)(xiang)日(ri)(ri)(ri)葵(kui)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)體，以(yi)(yi)市(shi)場(chang)為(wei)(wei)導向(xiang)(xiang)，形成了(le)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)生產(chan)，基地化(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，龍(long)頭企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)牽(qian)動，內引(yin)(yin)外聯拓寬市(shi)場(chang)的產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生產(chan)鏈條(tiao)。

三.地域范圍

甘南葵(kui)花籽主要分布(bu)(bu)在齊齊哈爾市(shi)甘南縣甘南鎮(zhen)(zhen)、中(zhong)(zhong)興(xing)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、長(chang)山(shan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、音河(he)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、興(xing)隆鄉(xiang)(xiang)、寶(bao)山(shan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、平(ping)陽(yang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、東陽(yang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、巨寶(bao)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、查哈陽(yang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)，地域保護范圍面積(ji)35000公頃，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)葵(kui)花生(sheng)產面積(ji)為15000公頃，年產量(liang)12萬(wan)噸。。地處東經122°54′?6″--124°28′12″，北緯47°25′7″—48°32′5″，東鄰(lin)嫩江、諾敏(min)河(he)與內(nei)蒙(meng)古的莫(mo)旗及(ji)我省富裕、訥河(he)相望，南與齊齊哈爾市(shi)區及(ji)龍江為鄰(lin)，西北以成(cheng)吉思汗邊壕(hao)與內(nei)蒙(meng)阿榮旗和布(bu)(bu)旗為界。全縣轄(xia)五(wu)鄉(xiang)(xiang)五(wu)鎮(zhen)(zhen)，95個(ge)(ge)行(xing)政村，611個(ge)(ge)自然屯，37萬(wan)人。幅(fu)員(yuan)面積(ji)4792平(ping)方公里，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)：耕地278萬(wan)畝，草原112萬(wan)畝，可(ke)供開發的水(shui)面8.4萬(wan)畝。全縣水(shui)草豐盛(sheng)純(chun)凈(jing)，空氣清(qing)新，主水(shui)源的嫩江干流(liu)源于(yu)大興(xing)安嶺，無污染源，水(shui)質好(hao)，水(shui)量(liang)充沛(pei)。

四.產品品質特性特征

（1）外在感官(guan)特征(zheng)：劃定區域范圍內的葵(kui)花(hua)(hua)籽為食用型葵(kui)花(hua)(hua)籽，百粒重130g以(yi)(yi)上(shang)、籽仁(ren)率53%以(yi)(yi)上(shang)。籽實長(chang)錐(zhui)型、色澤(ze)明(ming)亮、飽滿性好，空殼少，種皮(pi)多為白(bai)黑條(tiao)紋，管狀花(hua)(hua)脫落部位有空隙(xi)便于嗑食，嗑食時(shi)果皮(pi)容易開裂為長(chang)條(tiao)型，不易破碎。熟(shu)制后口感酥脆、香氣(qi)純(chun)正，籽實外觀均(jun)勻一致，是做炒(chao)貨的優質 原料(liao)。

（2）內(nei)在品(pin)質指標：甘南(nan)葵(kui)(kui)花籽(zi)含(han)(han)有豐富的粗(cu)脂(zhi)肪(fang)、粗(cu)蛋(dan)白(bai)質、粗(cu)纖維、礦物質和維生素(su)E。其(qi)中(zhong)粗(cu)脂(zhi)肪(fang)和粗(cu)蛋(dan)白(bai)質含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)配(pei)比適中(zhong)，既保障了營養平衡配(pei)比，同時(shi)也保障了休閑(xian)食品(pin)的良好口感(gan)。每100kg葵(kui)(kui)花籽(zi)實(shi)產品(pin)中(zhong)，粗(cu)脂(zhi)肪(fang)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)42%、粗(cu)蛋(dan)白(bai)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)23%、粗(cu)纖維含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)1%、礦物質含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)1%（其(qi)中(zhong)鉀含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)700mg/100g，鐵含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)4mg/100g，磷含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)750mg/100g）、氨基(ji)酸(suan)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)25%(其(qi)中(zhong)谷氨酸(suan)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)6%)、維生素(su)E含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)5mg/100g。

（3）安全要求：產(chan)地環境符合NY5332-2006無公害(hai)(hai)食品。大田作(zuo)物產(chan)地環境技術(shu)條件(jian)，產(chan)品安全衛生指(zhi)標優于國家標準。整個(ge)生產(chan)過(guo)程均按照(zhao)我市(shi)制定的無公害(hai)(hai)生產(chan)技術(shu)規程進行生產(chan)管理，產(chan)品檢測符合NY5319-2006無公害(hai)(hai)食品瓜子標準要求。

五.特定生產方式

（1）種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植技(ji)(ji)術規(gui)程 ①范(fan)圍 本(ben)規(gui)程適用于(yu)(yu)(yu)甘南縣無(wu)(wu)公(gong)害綠色食(shi)品向(xiang)日(ri)葵生產，規(gui)定了向(xiang)日(ri)葵生產種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子處理(li)(li)、選(xuan)(xuan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)、選(xuan)(xuan)茬、整地(di)(di)(di)(di)、施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)、播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、田間管理(li)(li)及收(shou)獲(huo)貯藏、產品質(zhi)量(liang)等技(ji)(ji) 術要求(qiu)。 ②產地(di)(di)(di)(di)環(huan)境條(tiao)(tiao)件　 產地(di)(di)(di)(di)環(huan)境條(tiao)(tiao)件應符合(he)NY/T391要求(qiu)。 A氣候 無(wu)(wu)霜期(qi)(qi)(qi)125天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)以上(shang)(shang)(shang)，年(nian)活動積溫2500℃以上(shang)(shang)(shang)，年(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)450mm以上(shang)(shang)(shang)。 B土(tu)壤(rang)(rang) 產地(di)(di)(di)(di)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)元素位于(yu)(yu)(yu)背景值正常(chang)區(qu)域，周圍沒有(you)(you)金(jin)屬或(huo)非金(jin)屬礦山，無(wu)(wu)農藥 殘留污染(ran)，具有(you)(you)較高的(de)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)力(li)，耕(geng)性(xing)良(liang)好，土(tu)層深(shen)厚，排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)良(liang)好，地(di)(di)(di)(di)勢平川漫崗(gang)，有(you)(you)機質(zhi)含量(liang)3.5%以上(shang)(shang)(shang)，PH值為(wei)6.5—7.5。 ③產量(liang)構成指標(biao)：每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)收(shou)向(xiang)日(ri)葵盤19000—20000個。單盤實粒數1079—1168個。百粒重13.6—14.0g。 ④種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子選(xuan)(xuan)用處理(li)(li) 品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)：甘葵二號。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子純度不低(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)98%，凈度不低(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)98%，發芽率(lv)不低(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)90%，含水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)不高于(yu)(yu)(yu)12%。播(bo)(bo)前10天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)進(jin)行(xing)發芽試驗。播(bo)(bo)前4—5天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)進(jin)行(xing)人(ren)(ren)工精選(xuan)(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子，并(bing)曬種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)2—3天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)有(you)(you)效(xiao)鋅(xin)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)千克(ke)小于(yu)(yu)(yu)0.5mg/kg時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，補硫(liu)酸(suan)鋅(xin)1.5kg/畝(mu)。 ⑤選(xuan)(xuan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)、選(xuan)(xuan)茬與整地(di)(di)(di)(di) 選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)耕(geng)層深(shen)厚、肥(fei)(fei)(fei)力(li)較高、保水(shui)(shui)(shui)保肥(fei)(fei)(fei)及排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)良(liang)好的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)。優先選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)小麥、玉米、馬鈴薯茬，輪作期(qi)(qi)(qi)限5—7年(nian)。秋(qiu)翻(fan)起壟，耕(geng)深(shen)20--23cm，達到(dao)(dao)無(wu)(wu)漏耕(geng)、無(wu)(wu)立垡、無(wu)(wu)坷垃、及時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)夾(jia)施(shi)農肥(fei)(fei)(fei)或(huo)綠肥(fei)(fei)(fei)起壟，耕(geng)后及時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鎮(zhen)壓(ya)，壟距(ju)70--75cm。 ⑥施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei) 結(jie)(jie)合(he)整地(di)(di)(di)(di)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)施(shi)用腐熟優質(zhi)農肥(fei)(fei)(fei)30—45立方米、施(shi)入(ru)(ru)經批準使用的(de)適量(liang)的(de)綠肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)100—150kg尿(niao)素于(yu)(yu)(yu)葵花(hua)(hua)現(xian)(xian)(xian)蕾(lei)期(qi)(qi)(qi)追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)，杜絕用硝態氮。每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)施(shi)磷酸(suan)二銨187.5kg結(jie)(jie)合(he)整地(di)(di)(di)(di)做(zuo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)或(huo)底肥(fei)(fei)(fei)施(shi)入(ru)(ru)。每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)施(shi)硫(liu)酸(suan)鉀(jia)35--50kg做(zuo)底肥(fei)(fei)(fei)或(huo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)，施(shi)用硼肥(fei)(fei)(fei)拌種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)用硼肥(fei)(fei)(fei)7.5kg（硫(liu)酸(suan)鉀(jia)中氧化鉀(jia)含量(liang)大于(yu)(yu)(yu)或(huo)等于(yu)(yu)(yu)50%）。 ⑦播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)了躲過(guo)結(jie)(jie)實期(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)降(jiang)雨(yu)高峰，降(jiang)低(di)(di)(di)菌核病(bing)(bing)發病(bing)(bing)率(lv)，減少危害，一(yi)般在(zai)5月 10—15日(ri)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)含水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)低(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)20%時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)坐水(shui)(shui)(shui)埯(an)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，高于(yu)(yu)(yu)22%時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)直(zhi)接播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。播(bo)(bo)深(shen)5—7厘(li)米，做(zuo)到(dao)(dao)深(shen)淺一(yi)致，覆土(tu)均(jun)勻，鎮(zhen)壓(ya)后達到(dao)(dao)4—5厘(li)米。公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)保苗(miao)(miao)19000—20000株。埯(an)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)播(bo)(bo)后及時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鎮(zhen)壓(ya)；坐水(shui)(shui)(shui)埯(an)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)隔(ge)日(ri)鎮(zhen)壓(ya)，機械播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)隨播(bo)(bo)隨鎮(zhen)壓(ya)，做(zuo)到(dao)(dao)不漏壓(ya)、不拖(tuo)堆。 ⑧田間管理(li)(li) 出苗(miao)(miao)后及時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)查田，發現(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)缺(que)苗(miao)(miao)斷(duan)條(tiao)(tiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，立即定向(xiang)坐水(shui)(shui)(shui)帶土(tu)補栽。一(yi)對真葉(xie)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間苗(miao)(miao)，兩對真葉(xie)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)定苗(miao)(miao)。出苗(miao)(miao)后及時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)行(xing)鏟前深(shen)松(song)或(huo)趟一(yi)犁。視土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)墑情于(yu)(yu)(yu)葵花(hua)(hua)現(xian)(xian)(xian)蕾(lei)期(qi)(qi)(qi)至花(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)及時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灌溉。鏟頭遍地(di)(di)(di)(di)后，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)隔(ge)10天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)左右(you)鏟趟一(yi)次，做(zuo)到(dao)(dao)三(san)鏟三(san)趟。輔(fu)助授(shou)粉(fen)，增放蜂源，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)放蜂兩箱或(huo)人(ren)(ren)工輔(fu)助受粉(fen)。 ⑨病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害防(fang)(fang)治 防(fang)(fang)治向(xiang)日(ri)葵螟(ming)：當向(xiang)日(ri)葵螟(ming)成蟲(chong)(chong)盛發期(qi)(qi)(qi)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)用赤眼(yan)蜂卡90個，間隔(ge)3天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)分(fen)兩期(qi)(qi)(qi)均(jun)勻分(fen)布，用曲別(bie)針別(bie)在(zai)葉(xie)片的(de)背部，利(li)用赤眼(yan)蜂進(jin)行(xing)寄(ji)生葵螟(ming)蟲(chong)(chong)卵。菌核病(bing)(bing)防(fang)(fang)治：畝(mu)用50％乙稀(xi)菌核利(li)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)750g噴霧。 ⑩收(shou)獲(huo) 莖稈、花(hua)(hua)盤背部變黃褐(he)色，舌狀花(hua)(hua)凋萎，筒狀花(hua)(hua)枯(ku)萎，籽(zi)實外殼(ke)變硬，現(xian)(xian)(xian)本(ben)色時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)及時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)收(shou)獲(huo)。收(shou)盤后及時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)脫粒，嚴防(fang)(fang)大堆堆放捂籽(zi)。脫粒后及時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)晾(liang)曬脫水(shui)(shui)(shui)，嚴防(fang)(fang)捂堆。水(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)低(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)12%時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，凈度達95%時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，入(ru)(ru)庫(ku)保存或(huo)銷售(shou)。

(2)初級加工規程 原(yuan)料預(yu)處(chu)理--振篩--煮制--炕(kang)制--復烤--外噴香(xiang)精(jing)--精(jing)揀--包(bao)裝 ①振篩 A標準籽(zi)(zi)：大(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)、色(se)(se)(se)澤均一，顆(ke)粒(li)(li)飽滿(man)，氣(qi)味(wei)(wei)正(zheng)常。小(xiao)(xiao)籽(zi)(zi)≤6％，癟(bie)籽(zi)(zi)≤1％，雜質≤1％，霉(mei)變(bian)≤4％，無(wu)(wu)(wu)霉(mei)變(bian)結團現(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)；B小(xiao)(xiao)籽(zi)(zi)：無(wu)(wu)(wu)大(da)(da)籽(zi)(zi)　標準籽(zi)(zi)≤2％　小(xiao)(xiao)籽(zi)(zi)≤5％；C癟(bie)籽(zi)(zi)：無(wu)(wu)(wu)標準籽(zi)(zi)、無(wu)(wu)(wu)大(da)(da)籽(zi)(zi)；D千粒(li)(li)重：130g以(yi)上(shang)(shang)。 ②煮制 瓜子殼白色(se)(se)(se)斑紋上(shang)(shang)色(se)(se)(se)并呈(cheng)棕灰色(se)(se)(se)，含水量(liang)45％以(yi)上(shang)(shang)，瓜籽(zi)(zi)表面(mian)脫皮(pi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)大(da)(da)于(yu)1/10，入味(wei)(wei)充(chong)分(fen)，甜咸(xian)(xian)(xian)適(shi)中(zhong)，無(wu)(wu)(wu)發酸、發苦現(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)，無(wu)(wu)(wu)異味(wei)(wei)。 ③炕(kang)制色(se)(se)(se)澤正(zheng)常，甜咸(xian)(xian)(xian)適(shi)中(zhong)，無(wu)(wu)(wu)焦(jiao)糊味(wei)(wei)，火(huo)侯(hou)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)老(lao)≤1％，皮(pi)軟≤5％，粘牙≤20％。 ④復烤 香(xiang)精(jing)味(wei)(wei)噴撒均勻，復烤后(hou)的瓜子無(wu)(wu)(wu)焦(jiao)糊味(wei)(wei)，偏(pian)(pian)(pian)老(lao)≤３％，皮(pi)軟≤0.5％，粘 牙≤3％，甜咸(xian)(xian)(xian)適(shi)度，有香(xiang)瓜子特(te)有的香(xiang)味(wei)(wei)。 ⑤精(jing)選 A顏色(se)(se)(se)：色(se)(se)(se)澤一致(zhi)，基本保持葵(kui)花籽(zi)(zi)原(yuan)有色(se)(se)(se)澤。 B形態：顆(ke)粒(li)(li)齊(qi)整(zheng)(zheng)，大(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)均勻，籽(zi)(zi)粒(li)(li)飽滿(man)。 C籽(zi)(zi)仁：呈(cheng)牙黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)。 D口(kou)(kou)味(wei)(wei)：口(kou)(kou)感(gan)(gan)酥脆、甜咸(xian)(xian)(xian)味(wei)(wei)適(shi)中(zhong)，香(xiang)氣(qi)純正(zheng)、無(wu)(wu)(wu)異味(wei)(wei)。焦(jiao)黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)、焦(jiao)糊味(wei)(wei)、口(kou)(kou)感(gan)(gan)發硬、皮(pi)軟、粘牙、香(xiang)氣(qi)不(bu)(bu)協調、偏(pian)(pian)(pian)咸(xian)(xian)(xian)、偏(pian)(pian)(pian)甜、有苦味(wei)(wei)、酸味(wei)(wei)、澀味(wei)(wei)、口(kou)(kou)感(gan)(gan)單薄(bo)的為不(bu)(bu)合(he)(he)格品(pin)。 E合(he)(he)格品(pin)的具體(ti)(ti)質量(liang)指標要求如下： 千粒(li)(li)重≥130g；蟲眼(yan)≤0.1％；霉(mei)變(bian)≤4％小(xiao)(xiao)籽(zi)(zi)≤10％；癟(bie)籽(zi)(zi)≤1％；殘(can)損： 無(wu)(wu)(wu)；　皮(pi)軟≤0.5％；粘牙≤3％；焦(jiao)糊味(wei)(wei)：無(wu)(wu)(wu)；火(huo)侯(hou)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)老(lao)≤1％；口(kou)(kou)感(gan)(gan)發硬≤10％；脫皮(pi)（超(chao)過整(zheng)(zheng)個瓜子面(mian)1/3）≤4％。 ⑥包(bao)裝 A計量(liang)：應符(fu)合(he)(he)公司允許的稱(cheng)量(liang)范(fan)圍; B封(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)：整(zheng)(zheng)齊(qi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)外露現(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)，袋內氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)應熱排出，袋身無(wu)(wu)(wu)鼓脹現(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)，無(wu)(wu)(wu)燙化、虛封(feng)(feng)、皺折(zhe)、夾卡現(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang);瓜子的溫度必須低于(yu)40℃方可(ke)包(bao)裝; C印(yin)(yin)章：印(yin)(yin)章必須在指定(ding)位(wei)置，平(ping)(ping)行整(zheng)(zheng)齊(qi)，不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)出現(xian)(xian)(xian)歪(wai)斜、倒(dao)刻、漏刻及錯刻現(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang); D噴碼：字體(ti)(ti)不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)有歪(wai)斜、變(bian)形現(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)，不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)漏噴，字體(ti)(ti)大(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)，間距統一; E箱(xiang)內外規格、生產日期必須相符(fu)，統一，不(bu)(bu)同日期不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)混裝; F箱(xiang)體(ti)(ti)封(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)平(ping)(ping)整(zheng)(zheng)，松(song)緊適(shi)中(zhong)。

六.包裝標識相關規定

地域范圍(wei)內(nei)的(de)(de)生產經營企業(ye)要(yao)(yao)按照(zhao)《農(nong)產品(pin)地理(li)標志公共標識使(shi)(shi)(shi)用規(gui)范》的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求和(he)農(nong)業(ye)部(bu)農(nong)產品(pin)質量安全(quan)中心公共標識授權規(gui)定(ding)，在產品(pin)或產品(pin)包(bao)裝上正(zheng)確使(shi)(shi)(shi)用全(quan)國統(tong)一的(de)(de)公共標識。應建立標識使(shi)(shi)(shi)用管理(li)制(zhi)度，對(dui)標識的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用情況如實(shi)記錄，登記造冊并存(cun)檔，存(cun)期三年。葵花籽(zi)在運輸的(de)(de)過(guo)程中要(yao)(yao)遵守(shou)有關規(gui)定(ding)，運輸要(yao)(yao)合理(li)。