一·自然(ran)生態環境和人(ren)文歷史因素
1、土壤地貌(mao)情況:肇(zhao)(zhao)州縣位于(yu)黑龍江省西南部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu),松花江之北,松嫩平(ping)(ping)原腹地,背靠大慶油(you)田(tian),東部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)與肇(zhao)(zhao)東市(shi)比鄰,西部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)與大同區(qu)交界,南部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)與肇(zhao)(zhao)源縣接壤,北部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)與安達(da)市(shi)相連,海拔高度在134-578米(mi)(mi)(mi)之間,平(ping)(ping)均海拔150米(mi)(mi)(mi)左(zuo)(zuo)右,農業(ye)區(qu)平(ping)(ping)均海拔167米(mi)(mi)(mi)左(zuo)(zuo)右。肇(zhao)(zhao)州縣是"全(quan)(quan)國(guo)糧食生(sheng)產(chan)先(xian)進(jin)縣"、"全(quan)(quan)國(guo)農業(ye)標(biao)準(zhun)化示(shi)范縣"。肇(zhao)(zhao)州縣屬(shu)于(yu)沖(chong)擊性平(ping)(ping)原,地處(chu)世界公認(ren)的(de)第(di)二大黃金玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)帶(dai),土壤多為黑鈣土和草甸圖(tu),其(qi)中有機質含量(liang)基本在2-4%,蓄水能力(li)強,易反潤,光照充(chong)足,熱(re)量(liang)豐富,適宜糯(nuo)玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)作(zuo)物(wu)生(sheng)長,產(chan)出的(de)糯(nuo)玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)顆粒飽(bao)滿,色澤光亮(liang),口感粘糯(nuo)。
2、氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)特征:肇(zhao)(zhao)州縣氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)屬中溫帶大陸性(xing)季風氣(qi)(qi)候(hou),一年四(si)季分(fen)明,春季多風干旱;夏季溫熱多雨;秋季溫涼適中;冬季寒(han)冷干燥。年均活動積溫2800℃,無霜期143天。肇(zhao)(zhao)州縣的氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)特點(dian)是典型的水旱兼作(zuo)農(nong)業氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)區。
二.地域范圍
肇(zhao)州縣(xian)地處黑龍江(jiang)省西南(nan)部(bu),松花江(jiang)之北(bei)(bei),松嫩平原腹(fu)地,背靠大(da)(da)慶油田(tian),東部(bu)與肇(zhao)東市比鄰,西部(bu)與大(da)(da)同(tong)區交(jiao)界(jie),南(nan)部(bu)與肇(zhao)源縣(xian)接壤,北(bei)(bei)部(bu)與安達市相連。全縣(xian)幅員面(mian)(mian)積2445平方(fang)公里,肇(zhao)州糯玉米(mi)的保護區域包括(kuo)肇(zhao)州鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、興城鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、豐樂(le)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、永(yong)樂(le)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、二井(jing)子鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、朝(chao)陽溝(gou)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、榆樹鄉(xiang)、新(xin)福(fu)鄉(xiang)、永(yong)勝鄉(xiang)、雙發鄉(xiang)、托古鄉(xiang)、朝(chao)陽鄉(xiang)15個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),地理坐標為東經124°48′12″~125°48′03″,北(bei)(bei)緯(wei)45°35′02″~46°16′08″,地域保護范圍面(mian)(mian)積222萬畝(mu),轄(xia)區糯玉米(mi)種植面(mian)(mian)積5.26萬畝(mu),年產量9.25萬噸。
三.產品(pin)品(pin)質特(te)性特(te)征
1、外在感官:肇州糯(nuo)(nuo)玉米(mi)穗(sui)形粒型一致,顆粒飽(bao)滿,排列(lie)整齊,口感香粘柔嫩微(wei)甜,色澤晶(jing)瑩(ying)透亮,可蒸熟(shu)(shu)、煮(zhu)熟(shu)(shu)、烤熟(shu)(shu)食用(yong)。成熟(shu)(shu)脫粒后的糯(nuo)(nuo)玉米(mi)顆粒飽(bao)滿,米(mi)質(zhi)晶(jing)瑩(ying)。
2、內在品質(zhi)指(zhi)標:肇州糯(nuo)玉米(mi)(鮮食(shi))粗(cu)蛋(dan)白含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)4%,粗(cu)脂肪(fang)含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)小于(yu)(yu)3%,支鏈(lian)淀(dian)粉含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)90%,每(mei)100克維(wei)(wei)生(sheng)素B2含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)0.1毫(hao)(hao)克,鈣含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)2毫(hao)(hao)克,鎂(mei)(mei)含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)50毫(hao)(hao)克。肇州糯(nuo)玉米(mi)(成品)粗(cu)蛋(dan)白含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)8%,粗(cu)脂肪(fang)含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)小于(yu)(yu)5%,支鏈(lian)淀(dian)粉含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)90%,每(mei)100克維(wei)(wei)生(sheng)素B2含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)0.02毫(hao)(hao)克,鈣含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)4毫(hao)(hao)克,鎂(mei)(mei)含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)80毫(hao)(hao)克。
3、成(cheng)熟籽(zi)粒(li)品(pin)(pin)質:成(cheng)熟脫(tuo)粒(li)后的糯玉(yu)米顆粒(li)飽(bao)滿,米質晶瑩。4、安全要求:肇州糯玉(yu)米符合國(guo)家(jia)《食(shi)品(pin)(pin)安全國(guo)家(jia)標(biao)準食(shi)品(pin)(pin)中(zhong)農藥最大殘留限量》(GB 2763-2014)和(he)《食(shi)品(pin)(pin)安全國(guo)家(jia)標(biao)準食(shi)品(pin)(pin)中(zhong)污染(ran)物限量》(GB2762-2012)。5、包裝標(biao)識等相關規定(ding):產(chan)品(pin)(pin)在運輸過程中(zhong)運輸工具應(ying)(ying)清潔、干(gan)燥、有(you)防(fang)雨設施。嚴禁(jin)與(yu)有(you)毒(du)、有(you)害、有(you)腐蝕性(xing)、有(you)異(yi)味的物品(pin)(pin)混運。在避光、常溫(wen)、干(gan)燥和(he)有(you)防(fang)潮設施的地方貯藏。貯藏設施應(ying)(ying)清潔、干(gan)燥、通(tong)風、無蟲害和(he)鼠害。嚴禁(jin)與(yu)有(you)毒(du)、有(you)害、有(you)腐蝕性(xing)、易(yi)發(fa)(fa)霉、發(fa)(fa)潮、有(you)異(yi)味的物品(pin)(pin)混存。包裝應(ying)(ying)符合市場流通(tong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)包裝的有(you)關規定(ding),正(zheng)確規范(fan)地使用(yong)標(biao)志。
四(si).特定(ding)生產(chan)方式
1、整(zheng)(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)及保(bao)(bao)護(hu)性耕(geng)(geng)作(zuo):1.1、整(zheng)(zheng)地(di)(di)(di):1.1.1、秋(qiu)翻秋(qiu)整(zheng)(zheng)地(di)(di)(di):2-3年(nian)輪(lun)翻一(yi)(yi)次,或采用(yong)深(shen)(shen)松措施(shi)(shi)(深(shen)(shen)度35-40cm)。前(qian)作(zuo)收(shou)獲后(hou),及時(shi)滅茬施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)秋(qiu)翻,做(zuo)(zuo)到(dao)(dao)根茬翻埋(mai)良好,耕(geng)(geng)深(shen)(shen)18-25cm,耕(geng)(geng)后(hou)及時(shi)耙(pa)、壓,注意保(bao)(bao)墑,在(zai)(zai)秋(qiu)季達到(dao)(dao)可(ke)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)狀(zhuang)態。1.1.2、秋(qiu)翻春整(zheng)(zheng)地(di)(di)(di) 秋(qiu)翻地(di)(di)(di),待(dai)土壤(rang)化(hua)凍15cm左右時(shi),就(jiu)要耙(pa)、耢、起(qi)壟(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、鎮(zhen)壓,達到(dao)(dao)待(dai)播(bo)狀(zhuang)態。1.1.3、低洼地(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai) 最(zui)好是秋(qiu)打(da)壟(long)(long)(long)(long)(long),便于曬垡(fa)散水(shui)。1.1.4、頂漿打(da)壟(long)(long)(long)(long)(long) 春季土壤(rang)化(hua)凍15cm深(shen)(shen)時(shi),在(zai)(zai)已清除(chu)根茬的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)上(shang)(shang)實行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)三犁(li)(li)(li)(li)成(cheng)壟(long)(long)(long)(long)(long),深(shen)(shen)施(shi)(shi)底肥(fei)(fei),隨(sui)打(da)壟(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、隨(sui)鎮(zhen)壓,以待(dai)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。1.2、保(bao)(bao)護(hu)性耕(geng)(geng)作(zuo):1.2.1、寬窄(zhai)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)交(jiao)互種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植 在(zai)(zai)耕(geng)(geng)層較(jiao)深(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)區,把(ba)原(yuan)65cm行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)距(ju)(ju)兩行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)做(zuo)(zuo)成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)條帶(dai),改種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)40和90cm寬窄(zhai)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。第(di)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)在(zai)(zai)40cm窄(zhai)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)上(shang)(shang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)兩行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)糯玉米,夏(xia)季在(zai)(zai)90cm寬行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)距(ju)(ju)內深(shen)(shen)松25cm-35cm,幅寬50cm-60cm,秋(qiu)季兩行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)糯玉米留(liu)高茬60cm-70cm。第(di)二年(nian)在(zai)(zai)原(yuan)90cm的(de)(de)(de)(de)寬行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)距(ju)(ju)深(shen)(shen)松帶(dai)上(shang)(shang)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)雙行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)糯玉米,行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)距(ju)(ju)40cm。原(yuan)留(liu)高茬地(di)(di)(di)方成(cheng)為90cm寬行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),夏(xia)季(6月(yue)下旬)深(shen)(shen)松、滅茬、就(jiu)地(di)(di)(di)腐熟還田。1.2.2、壟(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)冊(ce)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)性栽培(pei) 在(zai)(zai)土壤(rang)耕(geng)(geng)較(jiao)薄、風蝕較(jiao)重的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)區,采用(yong)壟(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)側保(bao)(bao)護(hu)性栽培(pei)技(ji)術。保(bao)(bao)留(liu)秋(qiu)季根茬,播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方法有(you)兩種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。一(yi)(yi)是人工(gong)等(deng)距(ju)(ju)點播(bo)。平地(di)(di)(di)(壟(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)距(ju)(ju)較(jiao)窄(zhai)的(de)(de)(de)(de))第(di)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)采取該栽培(pei)方式的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai),可(ke)在(zai)(zai)原(yuan)壟(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)溝(gou)靠近另一(yi)(yi)條壟(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)側處先(xian)淺(qian)穿(chuan)一(yi)(yi)犁(li)(li)(li)(li),施(shi)(shi)入(ru)(ru)底肥(fei)(fei),做(zuo)(zuo)到(dao)(dao)化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)深(shen)(shen)施(shi)(shi),然后(hou)在(zai)(zai)壟(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)側深(shen)(shen)穿(chuan)一(yi)(yi)犁(li)(li)(li)(li)起(qi)壟(long)(long)(long)(long)(long),用(yong)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)器人工(gong)精(jing)量播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),同(tong)時(shi)施(shi)(shi)入(ru)(ru)口(kou)肥(fei)(fei),覆土并腳踩(cai)鎮(zhen)壓保(bao)(bao)墑。坡地(di)(di)(di)或壟(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)距(ju)(ju)較(jiao)寬的(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)先(xian)在(zai)(zai)壟(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)溝(gou)施(shi)(shi)入(ru)(ru)底肥(fei)(fei),然后(hou)直接在(zai)(zai)壟(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)側深(shen)(shen)穿(chuan)一(yi)(yi)犁(li)(li)(li)(li)起(qi)壟(long)(long)(long)(long)(long),用(yong)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)器播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、覆土;二是跟犁(li)(li)(li)(li)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。在(zai)(zai)老(lao)壟(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)溝(gou)施(shi)(shi)入(ru)(ru)底肥(fei)(fei),在(zai)(zai)壟(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)側穿(chuan)一(yi)(yi)犁(li)(li)(li)(li)破茬后(hou)跟犁(li)(li)(li)(li)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),并施(shi)(shi)入(ru)(ru)口(kou)肥(fei)(fei),最(zui)后(hou)在(zai)(zai)同(tong)一(yi)(yi)壟(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)側深(shen)(shen)穿(chuan)一(yi)(yi)犁(li)(li)(li)(li),掏墑覆土,單(dan)磙鎮(zhen)壓。播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)苗(miao)帶(dai)封(feng)閉除(chu)草。1.2.3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植糯玉米的(de)(de)(de)(de)區域進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)隔離(li),防止花粉污染降低糯玉米的(de)(de)(de)(de)品質(zhi)。
2、品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)適區選(xuan)擇及種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子處(chu)理:2.1、品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)擇:根據當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)自然條件(jian),因(yin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)制宜地(di)(di)(di)(di)選(xuan)用經國家(jia)和(he)省品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)審(shen)定委員(yuan)會審(shen)定通過的(de)(de)淀粉含量在72%的(de)(de)優(you)質、高產、抗逆性強(qiang)的(de)(de)優(you)良品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)——黃糯玉米、紫(zi)花(hua)糯玉米,水肥條件(jian)好(hao)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)塊以耐密(mi)和(he)半耐密(mi)型(xing)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為主。2.2、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子質量:種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子選(xuan)用達到或超過國家(jia)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子標準、適合當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)條件(jian)的(de)(de)優(you)質種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子。2.3、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子處(chu)理:2.3.1、曬種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) 播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前3d-5d選(xuan)無風晴(qing)天(tian)把(ba)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子攤開在干(gan)燥向陽處(chu)曬2d-3d。 2.3.2、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子包(bao)衣 根據各地(di)(di)(di)(di)病(bing)害(hai)蟲(chong)害(hai)發生情況,針(zhen)對不同防(fang)治對象,播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前選(xuan)用相應的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)衣劑進行(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子包(bao)衣,防(fang)治地(di)(di)(di)(di)下害(hai)蟲(chong)及黑穗病(bing)。
3、播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):3.1、播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)期(qi):當(dang)耕層5cm深(shen)(shen)(shen)處地溫穩定通過(guo)6-8℃、土(tu)(tu)壤耕層含水量在(zai)20%左(zuo)右,即可播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。當(dang)土(tu)(tu)壤含水量低于18%時(shi),可在(zai)地溫穩定通過(guo)5℃時(shi)搶墑(di)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。最(zui)佳(jia)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)要隨(sui)春季土(tu)(tu)壤墑(di)情適當(dang)調整,干旱(han)年份(fen)可提前搶墑(di)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),多雨年份(fen)可適當(dang)推遲播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),以確保全苗。3.2、播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方法:3.2.1、機械播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) 采用大型播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機或小型單機播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),播(bo)(bo)(bo)深(shen)(shen)(shen)3cm-4cm,播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)深(shen)(shen)(shen)淺一致,覆土(tu)(tu)均勻(yun)(yun)。當(dang)土(tu)(tu)壤含水量不足18%搶墑(di)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi),采取深(shen)(shen)(shen)開(kai)(kai)溝(gou),淺覆土(tu)(tu),重鎮壓(ya),把種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子播(bo)(bo)(bo)到(dao)濕(shi)土(tu)(tu)上。3.2.2、人(ren)(ren)工(gong)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) 人(ren)(ren)工(gong)刨坑或機械開(kai)(kai)溝(gou)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)點播(bo)(bo)(bo)的地塊,要播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)均勻(yun)(yun),覆土(tu)(tu)均勻(yun)(yun),把種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)到(dao)濕(shi)土(tu)(tu),播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)視墑(di)鎮壓(ya)。3.2.3、坐水種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):適用于春季干旱(han)嚴重的地區。開(kai)(kai)溝(gou)補水后(hou)再播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
4、間(jian)種(zhong):應增加(jia)糯玉米種(zhong)植行(xing)上的密度。即2:1(2:0)間(jian)種(zhong)的糯玉米行(xing)上種(zhong)植密度比該品(pin)種(zhong)清種(zhong)增加(jia)50%;3:1的增加(jia)35%;4:1的增加(jia)30%。
5、施(shi)肥(fei):嚴格執行肥(fei)料(liao)合(he)理使用(yong)準則;根據(ju)糯(nuo)玉米生長需要平衡施(shi)肥(fei),施(shi)用(yong)經過(guo)無害化處理的秸稈有(you)機肥(fei)及配(pei)合(he)施(shi)用(yong)配(pei)比合(he)理的無機復合(he)肥(fei)。施(shi)肥(fei)原則:以(yi)(yi)2000kg/畝有(you)機肥(fei)為(wei)主(zhu),輔(fu)以(yi)(yi)其它肥(fei)料(liao);以(yi)(yi)多元(yuan)復合(he)肥(fei)為(wei)主(zhu),單元(yuan)素肥(fei)料(liao)為(wei)輔(fu);以(yi)(yi)施(shi)基肥(fei)為(wei)主(zhu),追肥(fei)為(wei)輔(fu);盡(jin)量限制化肥(fei)施(shi)用(yong);及時做好肥(fei)料(liao)使用(yong)的田(tian)間檔案(an)記錄;不施(shi)用(yong)城(cheng)市生活垃圾(ji)肥(fei)。
6、田(tian)間(jian)管理:6.1、查(cha)田(tian)補(bu)種(zhong):播種(zhong)后(hou)及(ji)時查(cha)種(zhong)、查(cha)芽(ya),對壞種(zhong)、壞芽(ya)的(de)應及(ji)時催芽(ya)坐水補(bu)種(zhong)。6.2、間(jian)、定(ding)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao):幼苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)3葉(xie)期間(jian)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),4葉(xie)-5葉(xie)期定(ding)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。留(liu)大苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)、壯苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)、齊苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),不(bu)要求等(deng)距,但要按單位(wei)面積保苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)密度留(liu)足苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),可(ke)(ke)多(duo)留(liu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)成(cheng)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),留(liu)作追肥(fei)前(qian)去掉弱(ruo)、小(xiao)、病(bing)(bing)、雜苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)時備(bei)用,以保證(zheng)定(ding)足苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。6.3、鏟趟:及(ji)時鏟趟,鏟前(qian)深趟一(yi)(yi)(yi)犁。除免耕(geng)地(di)塊外,當幼苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)長(chang)到(dao)2葉(xie)-3葉(xie)時,進行(xing)鏟前(qian)深趟一(yi)(yi)(yi)犁,追肥(fei)后(hou)趟地(di)封垅。6.4、病(bing)(bing)、蟲(chong)、草(cao)、鼠防(fang)治:6.4.1、人工除草(cao)。6.4.2、大斑(ban)病(bing)(bing)防(fang)治:用50%多(duo)菌(jun)靈(ling)(ling)可(ke)(ke)濕性粉(fen)(fen)劑(ji)(ji)500倍(bei)(bei)液,或(huo)50%退菌(jun)特可(ke)(ke)濕性粉(fen)(fen)劑(ji)(ji)800倍(bei)(bei)液等(deng)藥劑(ji)(ji),于(yu)糯玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)雄花期噴(pen)(pen)1次-2次,每隔10d-15d噴(pen)(pen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次。6.4.3、小(xiao)斑(ban)病(bing)(bing)防(fang)治 發病(bing)(bing)初期用0%多(duo)菌(jun)靈(ling)(ling)可(ke)(ke)濕性粉(fen)(fen)劑(ji)(ji)500倍(bei)(bei)液,或(huo)65%代森錳鋅可(ke)(ke)濕性粉(fen)(fen)劑(ji)(ji)500倍(bei)(bei)液等(deng)藥劑(ji)(ji),從(cong)心葉(xie)末期到(dao)抽雄期,每7d噴(pen)(pen)1次,連續噴(pen)(pen)2次-3次。6.4.4、粘蟲(chong) 6月(yue)中、下旬至7月(yue)上(shang)旬,如平均每株(zhu)有一(yi)(yi)(yi)頭(tou)粘蟲(chong),畝用2.5%功夫乳油或(huo)20%速(su)滅殺(sha)丁乳油20ml兌水30kg噴(pen)(pen)霧(wu),把粘蟲(chong)消滅在三(san)齡之前(qian)。6.4.5、玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)螟:6.4.5.1、白(bai)僵(jiang)菌(jun) 一(yi)(yi)(yi)般在玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)螟化蛹(yong)前(qian),對糯玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)和(he)高(gao)粱秸(jie)、茬垛(duo),每平方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)用白(bai)僵(jiang)菌(jun)75g-100g和(he)10倍(bei)(bei)的(de)細土(或(huo)滑石(shi)粉(fen)(fen))拌勻(yun),噴(pen)(pen)粉(fen)(fen)封垛(duo);或(huo)在糯玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)放螟羽(yu)化盛期每立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)插(cha)2根(gen)-3根(gen)用50%敵(di)敵(di)畏乳油浸泡的(de)高(gao)粱稈(gan)熏殺(sha)羽(yu)化成(cheng)蟲(chong)。6.4.5.2、高(gao)壓(ya)汞(gong)燈(deng)捕殺(sha) 在糯玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)產區(qu)村(cun)屯的(de)開闊地(di)(距房屋(wu)15m以上(shang)),每16公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)糯玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)田(tian)設(she)置一(yi)(yi)(yi)盞(zhan)高(gao)壓(ya)汞(gong)燈(deng),一(yi)(yi)(yi)般在6月(yue)中下旬開燈(deng),7月(yue)末關(guan)燈(deng),每晚8點半(ban)開燈(deng),早4點關(guan)燈(deng)。6.4.5.3、赤眼蜂(feng)防(fang)治 在6月(yue)初-7月(yue)10日(ri),剖稈(gan)調(diao)查(cha),當糯玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)螟化蛹(yong)率大20%時,后(hou)推11d為第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次放蜂(feng)適期,公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)放蜂(feng)10.5萬頭(tou)。隔5d-7d再放第(di)二次,放蜂(feng)12.0萬頭(tou),兩次共計放蜂(feng)22.5萬頭(tou)。放蜂(feng)方(fang)(fang)法:每公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)選15個-30個點,將蜂(feng)卡固定(ding)在植(zhi)株(zhu)中部(bu)葉(xie)片背面。
7、產品收獲:8月15日(ri)前(qian)收獲(huo)(huo)鮮糯玉米,9月26日(ri)收獲(huo)(huo)成熟的糯玉米籽粒(li)。
8、生產記錄(lu)要求:要做(zuo)好生產全(quan)過程的(de)記錄(lu),包括:種子、化肥、農(nong)藥的(de)購銷、使用記錄(lu),粘糯玉米銷售(shou)(shou)記錄(lu)等(deng),記錄(lu)要完整(zheng)、真(zhen)實,保存(cun)兩年以上,投入(ru)品(pin)使用記錄(lu)要真(zhen)實反映原料生產全(quan)過程。凡無(wu)投入(ru)品(pin)記錄(lu)的(de),協(xie)會不負責銷售(shou)(shou)。
五.包裝標識相(xiang)關規定
1、符合下列條(tiao)件的單位和個人,可以(yi)向(xiang)登(deng)記證書(shu)持有人申請使用(yong)農產(chan)品地理標志:
(1)生產(chan)經營(ying)的農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)產(chan)自登記地域范圍。
(2)已取得登(deng)記農(nong)產品相(xiang)關的生產經營資質(zhi)。
(3)能夠嚴(yan)格按照規(gui)(gui)定的質量(liang)技術(shu)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)組織生產經營活動。
(4)具(ju)有地(di)理標(biao)志農產(chan)品市場開發經營能力(li)。
(5)使(shi)用農產品(pin)地理標志,應(ying)當按照生產經營年度(du)與登記(ji)證(zheng)書持(chi)有人簽訂農產品(pin)地理標志使(shi)用協議(yi),在(zai)協議(yi)中載(zai)明使(shi)用數量(liang)、范圍及(ji)相關的責任義務
2、農產品地(di)理標志使用人享有以下(xia)權利:
(1)可(ke)以在產品及其包裝統(tong)一(yi)使用農產品地理標志。
(2)可以(yi)使(shi)用登記的農產(chan)品地(di)理(li)標志進行宣傳和參(can)加展(zhan)覽(lan)、展(zhan)示(shi)和展(zhan)銷(xiao)。
3、農產(chan)品地理標志使(shi)用人(ren)應(ying)當履行(xing)以下(xia)義務(wu):
(1)自(zi)覺(jue)接受(shou)登記證書(shu)持有人的監督(du)檢查。
(2)保證(zheng)地理標志農(nong)產品的品質(zhi)和信譽。
(3)正確規(gui)范地使用農產品(pin)地理(li)標志。
(4)地(di)理(li)標(biao)志農(nong)產品(pin)的(de)生產經營者(zhe),應當建立質量控制追溯體系,農(nong)產品(pin)地(di)理(li)標(biao)志持有人和標(biao)志使用人,對地(di)理(li)標(biao)志農(nong)產品(pin)的(de)質量和信譽負責(ze)。
(5)任何單位和(he)個人不得偽造、冒(mao)用農(nong)產品(pin)地理標志和(he)登記證(zheng)書(shu)。
(6)鼓勵單位和個人(ren)對農產品(pin)地理標志進(jin)行社(she)會監督。