一·自然生態環境和人文(wen)歷史因素
1、土壤(rang)地貌情況:肇(zhao)州縣(xian)位(wei)于(yu)黑(hei)龍江(jiang)省西(xi)南部(bu),松花江(jiang)之北,松嫩(nen)平原腹地,背靠大慶油田,東(dong)部(bu)與(yu)(yu)肇(zhao)東(dong)市比(bi)鄰,西(xi)部(bu)與(yu)(yu)大同(tong)區交界(jie),南部(bu)與(yu)(yu)肇(zhao)源(yuan)縣(xian)接(jie)壤(rang),北部(bu)與(yu)(yu)安達市相連,海(hai)拔高度在134-578米之間(jian),平均(jun)海(hai)拔150米左(zuo)右,農(nong)業(ye)區平均(jun)海(hai)拔167米左(zuo)右。肇(zhao)州縣(xian)是"全國糧食生產先進(jin)縣(xian)"、"全國農(nong)業(ye)標準化示范縣(xian)"。肇(zhao)州縣(xian)屬(shu)于(yu)沖擊性平原,地處世(shi)界(jie)公認(ren)的第二大黃金玉米帶,土壤(rang)多為黑(hei)鈣(gai)土和草(cao)甸圖(tu),其中有機質(zhi)含量基本在2-4%,蓄水能力強,易反潤(run),光照充足,熱量豐富,適宜糯(nuo)(nuo)玉米作(zuo)物生長,產出的糯(nuo)(nuo)玉米顆(ke)粒飽滿,色澤光亮,口感粘糯(nuo)(nuo)。
2、氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)特(te)征:肇州縣氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)屬中(zhong)溫帶大(da)陸(lu)性季(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou),一(yi)年四季(ji)分明,春(chun)季(ji)多風(feng)干旱;夏季(ji)溫熱(re)多雨(yu);秋季(ji)溫涼適中(zhong);冬季(ji)寒冷干燥。年均活動積溫2800℃,無霜(shuang)期143天。肇州縣的(de)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)特(te)點是典型的(de)水旱兼作農業氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)區。
二.地域范圍
肇(zhao)州縣地(di)處(chu)黑龍江省西南部,松花江之(zhi)北,松嫩平(ping)原腹(fu)地(di),背靠(kao)大(da)慶油(you)田,東(dong)部與肇(zhao)東(dong)市比鄰,西部與大(da)同區(qu)交(jiao)界,南部與肇(zhao)源縣接壤,北部與安(an)達(da)市相(xiang)連。全縣幅員面(mian)積2445平(ping)方公(gong)里(li),肇(zhao)州糯玉米的保護(hu)區(qu)域(yu)包括(kuo)肇(zhao)州鎮(zhen)(zhen)、興(xing)城鎮(zhen)(zhen)、豐樂鎮(zhen)(zhen)、永樂鎮(zhen)(zhen)、二井子鎮(zhen)(zhen)、朝陽溝鎮(zhen)(zhen)、榆樹鄉、新福鄉、永勝鄉、雙(shuang)發(fa)鄉、托古鄉、朝陽鄉15個鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen),地(di)理坐標為東(dong)經(jing)124°48′12″~125°48′03″,北緯45°35′02″~46°16′08″,地(di)域(yu)保護(hu)范(fan)圍面(mian)積222萬(wan)畝(mu),轄區(qu)糯玉米種植面(mian)積5.26萬(wan)畝(mu),年產量(liang)9.25萬(wan)噸(dun)。
三.產品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)質特性特征
1、外在感官:肇州糯玉(yu)米穗形粒(li)型一致,顆粒(li)飽滿,排列整齊,口感香粘柔嫩微甜,色澤晶(jing)瑩透亮(liang),可蒸(zheng)熟、煮熟、烤熟食用。成熟脫粒(li)后的(de)糯玉(yu)米顆粒(li)飽滿,米質晶(jing)瑩。
2、內在品質指標:肇(zhao)州糯(nuo)玉米(mi)(鮮食)粗蛋白(bai)含(han)(han)量(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)4%,粗脂肪含(han)(han)量(liang)小(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)(yu)3%,支(zhi)鏈(lian)淀粉含(han)(han)量(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)90%,每100克(ke)(ke)(ke)維(wei)生素(su)B2含(han)(han)量(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)0.1毫克(ke)(ke)(ke),鈣含(han)(han)量(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)2毫克(ke)(ke)(ke),鎂含(han)(han)量(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)50毫克(ke)(ke)(ke)。肇(zhao)州糯(nuo)玉米(mi)(成品)粗蛋白(bai)含(han)(han)量(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)8%,粗脂肪含(han)(han)量(liang)小(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)(yu)5%,支(zhi)鏈(lian)淀粉含(han)(han)量(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)90%,每100克(ke)(ke)(ke)維(wei)生素(su)B2含(han)(han)量(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)0.02毫克(ke)(ke)(ke),鈣含(han)(han)量(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)4毫克(ke)(ke)(ke),鎂含(han)(han)量(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)80毫克(ke)(ke)(ke)。
3、成熟籽粒品(pin)(pin)(pin)質:成熟脫(tuo)粒后的(de)(de)(de)糯玉米顆粒飽滿,米質晶瑩(ying)。4、安(an)全要求(qiu):肇州(zhou)糯玉米符合(he)國家《食品(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)全國家標準食品(pin)(pin)(pin)中(zhong)(zhong)農(nong)藥最(zui)大(da)殘留限量》(GB 2763-2014)和(he)(he)《食品(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)全國家標準食品(pin)(pin)(pin)中(zhong)(zhong)污染物(wu)限量》(GB2762-2012)。5、包(bao)裝標識等相關(guan)(guan)規定:產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)在(zai)運(yun)輸(shu)過程中(zhong)(zhong)運(yun)輸(shu)工具應清(qing)潔、干燥、有(you)(you)防(fang)雨設(she)施(shi)。嚴(yan)禁(jin)與(yu)有(you)(you)毒(du)、有(you)(you)害(hai)(hai)、有(you)(you)腐蝕性、有(you)(you)異味的(de)(de)(de)物(wu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)混運(yun)。在(zai)避光(guang)、常溫、干燥和(he)(he)有(you)(you)防(fang)潮(chao)設(she)施(shi)的(de)(de)(de)地方貯藏。貯藏設(she)施(shi)應清(qing)潔、干燥、通風(feng)、無蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)和(he)(he)鼠(shu)害(hai)(hai)。嚴(yan)禁(jin)與(yu)有(you)(you)毒(du)、有(you)(you)害(hai)(hai)、有(you)(you)腐蝕性、易發霉、發潮(chao)、有(you)(you)異味的(de)(de)(de)物(wu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)混存。包(bao)裝應符合(he)市場流通產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)包(bao)裝的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)關(guan)(guan)規定,正(zheng)確(que)規范地使用標志(zhi)。
四.特定生(sheng)產方式
1、整(zheng)地(di)(di)及(ji)保護(hu)(hu)性(xing)(xing)耕(geng)作(zuo):1.1、整(zheng)地(di)(di):1.1.1、秋(qiu)翻(fan)(fan)(fan)秋(qiu)整(zheng)地(di)(di):2-3年(nian)(nian)輪翻(fan)(fan)(fan)一(yi)次,或采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)深(shen)(shen)(shen)松(song)措施(深(shen)(shen)(shen)度35-40cm)。前作(zuo)收(shou)獲后,及(ji)時(shi)滅茬(cha)施肥(fei)秋(qiu)翻(fan)(fan)(fan),做(zuo)到(dao)根茬(cha)翻(fan)(fan)(fan)埋良好(hao),耕(geng)深(shen)(shen)(shen)18-25cm,耕(geng)后及(ji)時(shi)耙(pa)、壓(ya),注意保墑(di),在(zai)(zai)(zai)秋(qiu)季(ji)達(da)到(dao)可(ke)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)狀(zhuang)態(tai)。1.1.2、秋(qiu)翻(fan)(fan)(fan)春整(zheng)地(di)(di) 秋(qiu)翻(fan)(fan)(fan)地(di)(di),待(dai)土(tu)壤(rang)化(hua)凍(dong)15cm左右時(shi),就要耙(pa)、耢(lao)、起壟(long)(long)(long)(long)、鎮壓(ya),達(da)到(dao)待(dai)播(bo)(bo)狀(zhuang)態(tai)。1.1.3、低洼地(di)(di)塊 最(zui)(zui)好(hao)是秋(qiu)打(da)壟(long)(long)(long)(long),便(bian)于曬垡散水。1.1.4、頂漿打(da)壟(long)(long)(long)(long) 春季(ji)土(tu)壤(rang)化(hua)凍(dong)15cm深(shen)(shen)(shen)時(shi),在(zai)(zai)(zai)已清除根茬(cha)的地(di)(di)塊上(shang)實行(xing)三犁(li)(li)成(cheng)(cheng)壟(long)(long)(long)(long),深(shen)(shen)(shen)施底肥(fei),隨打(da)壟(long)(long)(long)(long)、隨鎮壓(ya),以待(dai)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)。1.2、保護(hu)(hu)性(xing)(xing)耕(geng)作(zuo):1.2.1、寬(kuan)窄行(xing)交互(hu)種(zhong)植 在(zai)(zai)(zai)耕(geng)層較(jiao)深(shen)(shen)(shen)的地(di)(di)區(qu),把原(yuan)65cm行(xing)距(ju)(ju)(ju)兩(liang)(liang)行(xing)做(zuo)成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)條(tiao)帶(dai),改(gai)種(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)40和90cm寬(kuan)窄行(xing)。第(di)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)40cm窄行(xing)上(shang)種(zhong)兩(liang)(liang)行(xing)糯(nuo)玉(yu)米,夏(xia)季(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)90cm寬(kuan)行(xing)距(ju)(ju)(ju)內(nei)深(shen)(shen)(shen)松(song)25cm-35cm,幅寬(kuan)50cm-60cm,秋(qiu)季(ji)兩(liang)(liang)行(xing)糯(nuo)玉(yu)米留(liu)高(gao)茬(cha)60cm-70cm。第(di)二年(nian)(nian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)原(yuan)90cm的寬(kuan)行(xing)距(ju)(ju)(ju)深(shen)(shen)(shen)松(song)帶(dai)上(shang)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)雙行(xing)糯(nuo)玉(yu)米,行(xing)距(ju)(ju)(ju)40cm。原(yuan)留(liu)高(gao)茬(cha)地(di)(di)方(fang)成(cheng)(cheng)為90cm寬(kuan)行(xing),夏(xia)季(ji)(6月下旬)深(shen)(shen)(shen)松(song)、滅茬(cha)、就地(di)(di)腐熟還田。1.2.2、壟(long)(long)(long)(long)冊保護(hu)(hu)性(xing)(xing)栽(zai)(zai)培 在(zai)(zai)(zai)土(tu)壤(rang)耕(geng)較(jiao)薄(bo)、風蝕較(jiao)重的地(di)(di)區(qu),采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壟(long)(long)(long)(long)側(ce)(ce)保護(hu)(hu)性(xing)(xing)栽(zai)(zai)培技術。保留(liu)秋(qiu)季(ji)根茬(cha),播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)方(fang)法有兩(liang)(liang)種(zhong)。一(yi)是人(ren)工(gong)等距(ju)(ju)(ju)點播(bo)(bo)。平地(di)(di)(壟(long)(long)(long)(long)距(ju)(ju)(ju)較(jiao)窄的)第(di)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)采(cai)取該栽(zai)(zai)培方(fang)式的地(di)(di)塊,可(ke)在(zai)(zai)(zai)原(yuan)壟(long)(long)(long)(long)溝(gou)靠(kao)近另(ling)一(yi)條(tiao)壟(long)(long)(long)(long)側(ce)(ce)處先(xian)淺穿一(yi)犁(li)(li),施入(ru)底肥(fei),做(zuo)到(dao)化(hua)肥(fei)深(shen)(shen)(shen)施,然后在(zai)(zai)(zai)壟(long)(long)(long)(long)側(ce)(ce)深(shen)(shen)(shen)穿一(yi)犁(li)(li)起壟(long)(long)(long)(long),用(yong)(yong)(yong)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)器(qi)人(ren)工(gong)精量(liang)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong),同時(shi)施入(ru)口肥(fei),覆土(tu)并腳(jiao)踩鎮壓(ya)保墑(di)。坡(po)地(di)(di)或壟(long)(long)(long)(long)距(ju)(ju)(ju)較(jiao)寬(kuan)的可(ke)先(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)壟(long)(long)(long)(long)溝(gou)施入(ru)底肥(fei),然后直接(jie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)壟(long)(long)(long)(long)側(ce)(ce)深(shen)(shen)(shen)穿一(yi)犁(li)(li)起壟(long)(long)(long)(long),用(yong)(yong)(yong)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)器(qi)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)、覆土(tu);二是跟(gen)犁(li)(li)種(zhong)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)老壟(long)(long)(long)(long)溝(gou)施入(ru)底肥(fei),在(zai)(zai)(zai)壟(long)(long)(long)(long)側(ce)(ce)穿一(yi)犁(li)(li)破茬(cha)后跟(gen)犁(li)(li)種(zhong),并施入(ru)口肥(fei),最(zui)(zui)后在(zai)(zai)(zai)同一(yi)壟(long)(long)(long)(long)側(ce)(ce)深(shen)(shen)(shen)穿一(yi)犁(li)(li),掏墑(di)覆土(tu),單磙鎮壓(ya)。播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)后進(jin)行(xing)苗帶(dai)封閉除草。1.2.3種(zhong)植糯(nuo)玉(yu)米的區(qu)域進(jin)行(xing)隔(ge)離,防止花粉(fen)污染(ran)降(jiang)低糯(nuo)玉(yu)米的品質。
2、品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)適區選(xuan)(xuan)擇及種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)處理:2.1、品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)擇:根據(ju)(ju)當(dang)地(di)(di)的自然(ran)條件(jian),因地(di)(di)制宜地(di)(di)選(xuan)(xuan)用經(jing)國家(jia)和(he)省品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)審(shen)定委員會審(shen)定通過(guo)的淀粉含量在72%的優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)、高產、抗逆性強的優(you)良品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)——黃糯玉米、紫花糯玉米,水肥(fei)條件(jian)好的地(di)(di)塊(kuai)以耐密和(he)半(ban)耐密型品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為主。2.2、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)量:種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)選(xuan)(xuan)用達到或超過(guo)國家(jia)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)標準、適合當(dang)地(di)(di)條件(jian)的優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)。2.3、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)處理:2.3.1、曬種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) 播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前3d-5d選(xuan)(xuan)無(wu)風(feng)晴天把(ba)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)攤開在干燥向(xiang)陽處曬2d-3d。 2.3.2、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)包衣 根據(ju)(ju)各地(di)(di)病(bing)害蟲害發生(sheng)情況(kuang),針對不同防(fang)治對象,播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前選(xuan)(xuan)用相應的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)衣劑(ji)進(jin)行種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)包衣,防(fang)治地(di)(di)下(xia)害蟲及黑穗(sui)病(bing)。
3、播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong):3.1、播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)期:當(dang)耕(geng)層5cm深(shen)(shen)(shen)處地溫(wen)穩定通(tong)過(guo)6-8℃、土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)耕(geng)層含水(shui)量在20%左右(you),即可(ke)(ke)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)。當(dang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)含水(shui)量低于18%時(shi),可(ke)(ke)在地溫(wen)穩定通(tong)過(guo)5℃時(shi)搶墑(di)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)。最佳播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)期要隨(sui)春(chun)季(ji)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)墑(di)情(qing)適(shi)當(dang)調整,干(gan)旱(han)年(nian)份(fen)可(ke)(ke)提前搶墑(di)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong),多雨年(nian)份(fen)可(ke)(ke)適(shi)當(dang)推(tui)遲播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong),以確保全苗。3.2、播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)方法:3.2.1、機(ji)械(xie)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong) 采用大(da)型播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)或小(xiao)型單(dan)機(ji)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong),播(bo)(bo)(bo)深(shen)(shen)(shen)3cm-4cm,播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)深(shen)(shen)(shen)淺一致,覆(fu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)均(jun)勻(yun)。當(dang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)含水(shui)量不足(zu)18%搶墑(di)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)時(shi),采取深(shen)(shen)(shen)開溝(gou),淺覆(fu)土(tu)(tu)(tu),重(zhong)鎮壓(ya),把種(zhong)(zhong)子播(bo)(bo)(bo)到濕(shi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)上(shang)。3.2.2、人工(gong)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong) 人工(gong)刨坑或機(ji)械(xie)開溝(gou)人工(gong)點播(bo)(bo)(bo)的地塊,要播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)均(jun)勻(yun),覆(fu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)均(jun)勻(yun),把種(zhong)(zhong)子種(zhong)(zhong)到濕(shi)土(tu)(tu)(tu),播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)后視墑(di)鎮壓(ya)。3.2.3、坐水(shui)種(zhong)(zhong):適(shi)用于春(chun)季(ji)干(gan)旱(han)嚴重(zhong)的地區(qu)。開溝(gou)補水(shui)后再(zai)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)。
4、間種(zhong):應增(zeng)加糯(nuo)玉米種(zhong)植(zhi)行上(shang)的密(mi)度(du)。即(ji)2:1(2:0)間種(zhong)的糯(nuo)玉米行上(shang)種(zhong)植(zhi)密(mi)度(du)比該品種(zhong)清種(zhong)增(zeng)加50%;3:1的增(zeng)加35%;4:1的增(zeng)加30%。
5、施(shi)肥(fei)(fei):嚴格(ge)執(zhi)行肥(fei)(fei)料(liao)合理使用(yong)準則;根據糯玉米(mi)生(sheng)(sheng)長需要平衡(heng)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei),施(shi)用(yong)經過(guo)無害化處理的秸稈有(you)機肥(fei)(fei)及(ji)配合施(shi)用(yong)配比合理的無機復合肥(fei)(fei)。施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)原則:以2000kg/畝有(you)機肥(fei)(fei)為主,輔以其(qi)它肥(fei)(fei)料(liao);以多元復合肥(fei)(fei)為主,單元素肥(fei)(fei)料(liao)為輔;以施(shi)基肥(fei)(fei)為主,追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)為輔;盡(jin)量限制(zhi)化肥(fei)(fei)施(shi)用(yong);及(ji)時做(zuo)好肥(fei)(fei)料(liao)使用(yong)的田間檔案記錄;不(bu)施(shi)用(yong)城市生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)垃圾肥(fei)(fei)。
6、田(tian)間管理:6.1、查田(tian)補種:播種后及(ji)時查種、查芽(ya),對壞(huai)種、壞(huai)芽(ya)的(de)應(ying)及(ji)時催芽(ya)坐水補種。6.2、間、定苗(miao)(miao)(miao):幼苗(miao)(miao)(miao)3葉(xie)(xie)期(qi)(qi)間苗(miao)(miao)(miao),4葉(xie)(xie)-5葉(xie)(xie)期(qi)(qi)定苗(miao)(miao)(miao)。留大(da)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)、壯苗(miao)(miao)(miao)、齊苗(miao)(miao)(miao),不要求等(deng)(deng)距,但(dan)要按單位面積保(bao)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)密度留足苗(miao)(miao)(miao),可(ke)(ke)(ke)多留一(yi)(yi)(yi)成苗(miao)(miao)(miao),留作追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)前(qian)去掉弱、小(xiao)、病、雜苗(miao)(miao)(miao)時備用,以保(bao)證定足苗(miao)(miao)(miao)。6.3、鏟趟(tang)(tang)(tang):及(ji)時鏟趟(tang)(tang)(tang),鏟前(qian)深趟(tang)(tang)(tang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)犁。除免耕地塊外,當幼苗(miao)(miao)(miao)長到(dao)2葉(xie)(xie)-3葉(xie)(xie)時,進行鏟前(qian)深趟(tang)(tang)(tang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)犁,追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)后趟(tang)(tang)(tang)地封垅。6.4、病、蟲、草、鼠防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):6.4.1、人工除草。6.4.2、大(da)斑(ban)病防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):用50%多菌靈可(ke)(ke)(ke)濕性粉劑(ji)500倍(bei)(bei)液,或(huo)(huo)50%退菌特(te)可(ke)(ke)(ke)濕性粉劑(ji)800倍(bei)(bei)液等(deng)(deng)藥(yao)劑(ji),于糯(nuo)玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)雄花期(qi)(qi)噴(pen)(pen)1次-2次,每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)隔10d-15d噴(pen)(pen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次。6.4.3、小(xiao)斑(ban)病防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi) 發病初期(qi)(qi)用0%多菌靈可(ke)(ke)(ke)濕性粉劑(ji)500倍(bei)(bei)液,或(huo)(huo)65%代(dai)森錳鋅(xin)可(ke)(ke)(ke)濕性粉劑(ji)500倍(bei)(bei)液等(deng)(deng)藥(yao)劑(ji),從心葉(xie)(xie)末期(qi)(qi)到(dao)抽雄期(qi)(qi),每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)7d噴(pen)(pen)1次,連續噴(pen)(pen)2次-3次。6.4.4、粘蟲 6月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)、下(xia)旬(xun)至7月(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬(xun),如平(ping)均每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)株有一(yi)(yi)(yi)頭(tou)粘蟲,畝用2.5%功夫(fu)乳(ru)油(you)或(huo)(huo)20%速滅(mie)殺丁乳(ru)油(you)20ml兌水30kg噴(pen)(pen)霧,把粘蟲消滅(mie)在(zai)三齡之前(qian)。6.4.5、玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)螟(ming)(ming):6.4.5.1、白(bai)僵菌 一(yi)(yi)(yi)般在(zai)玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)螟(ming)(ming)化蛹(yong)前(qian),對糯(nuo)玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)和高(gao)粱秸、茬垛(duo),每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)用白(bai)僵菌75g-100g和10倍(bei)(bei)的(de)細土(或(huo)(huo)滑石粉)拌勻,噴(pen)(pen)粉封垛(duo);或(huo)(huo)在(zai)糯(nuo)玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)放(fang)(fang)螟(ming)(ming)羽化盛期(qi)(qi)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)插(cha)2根-3根用50%敵敵畏(wei)乳(ru)油(you)浸(jin)泡的(de)高(gao)粱稈熏殺羽化成蟲。6.4.5.2、高(gao)壓(ya)汞(gong)燈(deng)(deng)捕殺 在(zai)糯(nuo)玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)產(chan)區村屯的(de)開(kai)闊地(距房屋15m以上(shang)),每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)16公(gong)(gong)頃糯(nuo)玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)田(tian)設(she)置一(yi)(yi)(yi)盞(zhan)高(gao)壓(ya)汞(gong)燈(deng)(deng),一(yi)(yi)(yi)般在(zai)6月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)下(xia)旬(xun)開(kai)燈(deng)(deng),7月(yue)(yue)末關燈(deng)(deng),每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)晚8點半開(kai)燈(deng)(deng),早4點關燈(deng)(deng)。6.4.5.3、赤眼蜂(feng)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi) 在(zai)6月(yue)(yue)初-7月(yue)(yue)10日,剖稈調(diao)查,當糯(nuo)玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)螟(ming)(ming)化蛹(yong)率大(da)20%時,后推11d為第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次放(fang)(fang)蜂(feng)適期(qi)(qi),公(gong)(gong)頃放(fang)(fang)蜂(feng)10.5萬頭(tou)。隔5d-7d再放(fang)(fang)第(di)二次,放(fang)(fang)蜂(feng)12.0萬頭(tou),兩次共計放(fang)(fang)蜂(feng)22.5萬頭(tou)。放(fang)(fang)蜂(feng)方(fang)法(fa):每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)公(gong)(gong)頃選15個-30個點,將蜂(feng)卡固(gu)定在(zai)植株中(zhong)部(bu)葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)背(bei)面。
7、產品收獲:8月15日(ri)前收獲(huo)(huo)鮮糯玉(yu)米,9月26日(ri)收獲(huo)(huo)成熟(shu)的糯玉(yu)米籽粒。
8、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)記錄(lu)(lu)(lu)要求(qiu):要做好生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)全過程的(de)(de)記錄(lu)(lu)(lu),包(bao)括:種子、化(hua)肥(fei)、農藥(yao)的(de)(de)購銷(xiao)、使用記錄(lu)(lu)(lu),粘糯(nuo)玉米(mi)銷(xiao)售記錄(lu)(lu)(lu)等,記錄(lu)(lu)(lu)要完整、真實,保存兩年(nian)以上(shang),投(tou)入(ru)品使用記錄(lu)(lu)(lu)要真實反(fan)映原料生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)全過程。凡無(wu)投(tou)入(ru)品記錄(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de),協會不(bu)負責(ze)銷(xiao)售。
五.包(bao)裝標識相關規定
1、符(fu)合下列條(tiao)件的單位和個人,可以向登記證書持有人申請(qing)使用農產品地理標志:
(1)生產經營的(de)農產品產自登記(ji)地(di)域范圍(wei)。
(2)已取(qu)得登記農產(chan)品相關(guan)的生產(chan)經營資質。
(3)能夠嚴(yan)格按照規定的質量技術規范組織生產經營活(huo)動(dong)。
(4)具有地理(li)標志農產品市(shi)場開發經(jing)營能(neng)力。
(5)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)農產(chan)品(pin)地理標志,應(ying)當按照生產(chan)經營年度與登記證書(shu)持有人簽訂(ding)農產(chan)品(pin)地理標志使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)協(xie)(xie)議,在協(xie)(xie)議中載明使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)數量、范圍及(ji)相關的責任義務(wu)
2、農產品地理標志使用人享有以下權利:
(1)可(ke)以在產品(pin)及(ji)其包裝(zhuang)統一使用農產品(pin)地理標志(zhi)。
(2)可以使用(yong)登記的農產品(pin)地理標志進行宣傳和參加展覽(lan)、展示和展銷。
3、農產品(pin)地理標志使用人應當(dang)履行以(yi)下(xia)義(yi)務:
(1)自覺接受登記證(zheng)書持有人的監督(du)檢(jian)查。
(2)保證地(di)理標志(zhi)農產品的品質和信譽。
(3)正(zheng)確規范地使用農(nong)產品地理標(biao)志(zhi)。
(4)地(di)理標(biao)志農產(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)生產(chan)經營者,應當建立(li)質量控(kong)制追溯體系,農產(chan)品(pin)地(di)理標(biao)志持有人和標(biao)志使(shi)用(yong)人,對(dui)地(di)理標(biao)志農產(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)質量和信譽負責。
(5)任何單(dan)位和(he)個人不得偽造、冒用(yong)農產品地理標志和(he)登記證書。
(6)鼓勵單(dan)位和個人對農產品地理標志進行社會(hui)監督。