芒果视频

黃河(he)三(san)角洲，以(yi)山東(dong)省東(dong)營市(shi)墾(ken)利縣寧海(hai)(hai)為軸點，北起套爾河(he)口(kou)(kou)，南至淄脈河(he)口(kou)(kou)，向東(dong)撒開的(de)扇狀地形，海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)高程低于(yu)15米，面積(ji)達5450平(ping)方公里。三(san)角洲屬溫帶季(ji)風型大(da)陸性(xing)氣候，四季(ji)分明(ming)，光(guang)照充(chong)足(zu)，區(qu)內(nei)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)資源豐富。1991年時在此設立了自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保護區(qu)，并于(yu)1992年晉升為國(guo)家級自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保護區(qu)，以(yi)保護黃河(he)口(kou)(kou)原(yuan)生(sheng)濕地生(sheng)態系(xi)統(tong)和丹(dan)頂(ding)鶴、白頭鶴等珍稀瀕(bin)危鳥類為主體。另外，資源豐富的(de)黃河(he)三(san)角洲，對于(yu)環(huan)渤海(hai)(hai)及東(dong)北亞地區(qu)經濟發(fa)展，也有著極大(da)地經濟價值。

保護對象

動物

區內(nei)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)可(ke)分(fen)成陸生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)態群和，海洋動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)態群，共記錄野生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)1524種(zhong)(zhong)。陸生(sheng)(sheng)脊椎動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)300種(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中獸類(lei)20種(zhong)(zhong)，鳥類(lei)265種(zhong)(zhong)，爬行(xing)類(lei)9種(zhong)(zhong)，兩棲類(lei)6種(zhong)(zhong)。陸生(sheng)(sheng)無脊椎動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)583種(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中節肢動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)534種(zhong)(zhong)，原腔(qiang)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)32種(zhong)(zhong)，扁體動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)17種(zhong)(zhong)。陸生(sheng)(sheng)性水生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)223種(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中淡水魚類(lei)108種(zhong)(zhong)，甲殼動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)49種(zhong)(zhong)，軟體動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)13種(zhong)(zhong)，原腔(qiang)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)18種(zhong)(zhong)，原生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)19種(zhong)(zhong)r環節動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)4種(zhong)(zhong)，水生(sheng)(sheng)昆蟲(chong)12種(zhong)(zhong)。

海(hai)洋性水生動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)共有41.8種(zhong)(zhong)，其中海(hai)獸類(lei)5種(zhong)(zhong)，海(hai)洋爬行類(lei)1種(zhong)(zhong)，海(hai)洋魚(yu)類(lei)85種(zhong)(zhong)，甲殼動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)99種(zhong)(zhong)，軟體動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)95種(zhong)(zhong)，環節動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)81種(zhong)(zhong)，腔腸動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)25種(zhong)(zhong)，紐(niu)形動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)8種(zhong)(zhong)，棘皮動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)10種(zhong)(zhong)，星(xing)蟲動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)2種(zhong)(zhong)，腕(wan)足動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)3種(zhong)(zhong)，毛顎動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)1種(zhong)(zhong)，其它脊索動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)3種(zhong)(zhong)。

黃河(he)三角洲自然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區是中(zhong)國(guo)最大的(de)(de)一塊新生(sheng)濕地(di)(di)，區內動(dong)物(wu)分為(wei)陸(lu)生(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)生(sheng)態群和海(hai)洋動(dong)物(wu)生(sheng)態群，共記(ji)錄野生(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)1524種(zhong)。陸(lu)生(sheng)脊(ji)椎動(dong)物(wu)300種(zhong)，無脊(ji)椎動(dong)物(wu)583種(zhong)；陸(lu)生(sheng)性(xing)水生(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)223種(zhong)，海(hai)洋性(xing)水生(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)418種(zhong)。保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區是東北(bei)亞內陸(lu)和環西(xi)太平(ping)洋鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)遷徙重要的(de)(de)“中(zhong)轉(zhuan)站”，越冬地(di)(di)和繁殖地(di)(di)。鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)資源豐富(fu)，珍稀瀕危鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)眾多(duo)。自然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區內共有鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)265種(zhong)，其中(zhong)屬國(guo)家一級重點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)有：白鸛、中(zhong)華秋沙鴨、白尾海(hai)雕、金雕、丹頂鶴白頭鶴、大鴇7種(zhong)，屬國(guo)家二級重點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)有海(hai)鸕鶿、大天鵝(e)、灰鶴、白尾鷂

等(deng)33種(zhong)(zhong)。在《瀕危野生動(dong)植物種(zhong)(zhong)國際貿易公約(yue)》中(zhong)(zhong)，屬附錄(lu)Ⅰ的種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)有(you)白鸛、丹頂鶴等(deng)7種(zhong)(zhong)，屬附錄(lu)Ⅱ的種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)有(you)花臉鴨、鵲(que)鷂等(deng)26種(zhong)(zhong)，屬于附錄(lu)Ⅲ的種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)有(you)大白鷺、針尾鴨等(deng)7種(zhong)(zhong)。在《中(zhong)(zhong)澳保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)候(hou)鳥(niao)及其棲息環(huan)境的協定(ding)》中(zhong)(zhong)，保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)81種(zhong)(zhong)，自然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區內有(you)51種(zhong)(zhong)。在《中(zhong)(zhong)日保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)候(hou)鳥(niao)及其棲息環(huan)境的協定(ding)》中(zhong)(zhong)，保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)227種(zhong)(zhong)，自然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區內有(you)152種(zhong)(zhong)。

自然保(bao)護區其(qi)他(ta)動(dong)物(wu)資源有：陸(lu)(lu)生脊椎動(dong)物(wu)35種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，陸(lu)(lu)生無脊椎動(dong)物(wu)583種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，水生動(dong)物(wu)641種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中國(guo)(guo)家一級重點保(bao)護動(dong)物(wu)有：白(bai)鱘(xun)、達氏鱘(xun)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，屬(shu)(shu)國(guo)(guo)家二(er)級重點保(bao)護動(dong)物(wu)有江豚(tun)、寬吻海豚(tun)、松江鱸魚(yu)等7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。在《瀕危(wei)野生動(dong)植物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)際貿易(yi)公約》中，屬(shu)(shu)附(fu)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)Ⅰ的(de)動(dong)物(wu)有棱(leng)皮龜、江豚(tun)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，屬(shu)(shu)附(fu)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)Ⅱ的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類有豹貓、小(xiao)須鯨等4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)附(fu)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)Ⅲ的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類有黃鼬1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

植物

保護(hu)區內共有各類植物(wu)(wu)393種(含變種)。其中浮(fu)游植物(wu)(wu)4門(men)、116種(變種)；蕨類植物(wu)(wu)3科、3屬、4種；裸(luo)子(zi)植物(wu)(wu)2科、2屬、2種；被子(zi)植物(wu)(wu)54科、178屬、271種，其中單子(zi)葉植物(wu)(wu)11科、57屬、87種，雙(shuang)子(zi)葉植物(wu)(wu)43科、121屬、184種。

科研價值

濕地生態

濕地生(sheng)態系(xi)統(tong)是(shi)(shi)水生(sheng)生(sheng)態系(xi)統(tong)向(xiang)陸(lu)地生(sheng)態系(xi)統(tong)的一個(ge)過(guo)渡階段，其基本生(sheng)態功能是(shi)(shi)調節(jie)水

份循環和(he)維(wei)持濕地的(de)(de)動植物資源，特別是水禽的(de)(de)棲息(xi)地和(he)遷移性(xing)鳥(niao)類的(de)(de)繁(fan)殖地，其(qi)脆弱性(xing)決定了易失難(nan)復原的(de)(de)現實(shi)，因(yin)而開(kai)展對濕地生(sheng)態(tai)系統的(de)(de)生(sheng)產者(zhe)(zhe)、消(xiao)費者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)，掌握(wo)其(qi)演替規(gui)律(lv)，研(yan)究(jiu)其(qi)發(fa)生(sheng)、發(fa)展、組成至關重要。

林種基因

自(zi)然保護區內分(fen)布著天(tian)然柳林、天(tian)然檉柳林及大面(mian)積的野大豆，提供了對遺傳基因研究和植(zhi)物發(fa)展演替規律研究的基本材料。

穩定黃河

開(kai)展黃(huang)河穩(wen)流(liu)固道研究(jiu)是(shi)一(yi)個高難度(du)課(ke)題，運用海動力學原(yuan)理及黃(huang)河沉砂(sha)規律(lv)研究(jiu)穩(wen)定黃(huang)河尾閭的工程措施(shi)，事關(guan)大局，意義深遠，將是(shi)對全民族的貢獻(xian)。

改良土地

自(zi)然保(bao)護區內隱性潮土(tu)占保(bao)護區總(zong)面積(ji)的(de)40%，這部分(fen)土(tu)壤pH值在7.5～7.8之(zhi)間，極(ji)易發(fa)生(sheng)鹽漬化(hua)。50年代(dai)后期的(de)盲目開(kai)發(fa)，使(shi)該(gai)地(di)區大片土(tu)地(di)鹽堿(jian)化(hua)，給(gei)當地(di)的(de)生(sheng)態環(huan)境和工(gong)農業生(sheng)產造成難以估量的(de)損失。因(yin)此，在掌(zhang)握該(gai)濕地(di)生(sheng)態系統演化(hua)規(gui)律的(de)基礎上，開(kai)展對(dui)(dui)鹽堿(jian)地(di)優良環(huan)境研(yan)究和對(dui)(dui)各(ge)類資源充分(fen)、合理利用與改良研(yan)究，對(dui)(dui)我(wo)國建設(she)黃(huang)河三角洲(zhou)糧棉基地(di)有重要意義。