芒果视频

黃(huang)河三角(jiao)(jiao)洲(zhou)，以山(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)東(dong)營市墾利縣寧(ning)海為軸點，北(bei)起套爾河口，南至淄(zi)脈河口，向東(dong)撒開的扇狀地(di)形，海拔高(gao)程低(di)于15米，面積達5450平(ping)方公里。三角(jiao)(jiao)洲(zhou)屬溫帶季風型大陸性氣候，四季分明，光(guang)照充足(zu)，區(qu)內自(zi)然資(zi)源豐富。1991年(nian)時在此(ci)設(she)立了自(zi)然保護區(qu)，并于1992年(nian)晉升為國家級自(zi)然保護區(qu)，以保護黃(huang)河口原生(sheng)(sheng)濕地(di)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統(tong)和丹(dan)頂鶴、白頭鶴等珍稀瀕危鳥類為主體。另外，資(zi)源豐富的黃(huang)河三角(jiao)(jiao)洲(zhou)，對于環渤海及東(dong)北(bei)亞(ya)地(di)區(qu)經濟發展(zhan)，也有著極(ji)大地(di)經濟價值。

保護對象

動物

區內動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)可分成陸(lu)(lu)生動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生態群(qun)和，海洋(yang)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生態群(qun)，共記錄(lu)野生動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)1524種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。陸(lu)(lu)生脊(ji)椎(zhui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)300種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中(zhong)獸類(lei)(lei)20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，鳥類(lei)(lei)265種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，爬行類(lei)(lei)9種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，兩棲(qi)類(lei)(lei)6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。陸(lu)(lu)生無脊(ji)椎(zhui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)583種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中(zhong)節肢動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)534種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，原(yuan)(yuan)腔動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)32種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，扁體(ti)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)17種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。陸(lu)(lu)生性水生動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)223種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中(zhong)淡(dan)水魚類(lei)(lei)108種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，甲殼動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)49種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，軟體(ti)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)13種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，原(yuan)(yuan)腔動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，原(yuan)(yuan)生動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)19種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)r環節動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，水生昆蟲12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋性水生動(dong)(dong)物(wu)共有(you)41.8種(zhong)(zhong)，其中海(hai)(hai)(hai)獸類5種(zhong)(zhong)，海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋爬(pa)行(xing)類1種(zhong)(zhong)，海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋魚(yu)類85種(zhong)(zhong)，甲殼動(dong)(dong)物(wu)99種(zhong)(zhong)，軟體(ti)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)95種(zhong)(zhong)，環節動(dong)(dong)物(wu)81種(zhong)(zhong)，腔(qiang)腸動(dong)(dong)物(wu)25種(zhong)(zhong)，紐(niu)形動(dong)(dong)物(wu)8種(zhong)(zhong)，棘皮動(dong)(dong)物(wu)10種(zhong)(zhong)，星蟲動(dong)(dong)物(wu)2種(zhong)(zhong)，腕足動(dong)(dong)物(wu)3種(zhong)(zhong)，毛顎(e)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)1種(zhong)(zhong)，其它脊索動(dong)(dong)物(wu)3種(zhong)(zhong)。

黃河三角(jiao)洲(zhou)自(zi)(zi)然保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區是中國(guo)最大(da)的一塊新生濕地，區內動物(wu)分為陸生動物(wu)生態(tai)群和海(hai)洋動物(wu)生態(tai)群，共(gong)記(ji)錄野(ye)生動物(wu)1524種(zhong)(zhong)。陸生脊椎動物(wu)300種(zhong)(zhong)，無脊椎動物(wu)583種(zhong)(zhong)；陸生性水生動物(wu)223種(zhong)(zhong)，海(hai)洋性水生動物(wu)418種(zhong)(zhong)。保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區是東(dong)北亞(ya)內陸和環西太平洋鳥類(lei)遷徙重要的“中轉站”，越冬(dong)地和繁殖地。鳥類(lei)資源豐富，珍稀瀕危鳥類(lei)眾多。自(zi)(zi)然保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區內共(gong)有(you)鳥類(lei)265種(zhong)(zhong)，其中屬(shu)(shu)國(guo)家(jia)一級(ji)重點(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)鳥類(lei)有(you)：白(bai)(bai)鸛、中華秋沙鴨、白(bai)(bai)尾海(hai)雕、金雕、丹(dan)頂鶴白(bai)(bai)頭(tou)鶴、大(da)鴇7種(zhong)(zhong)，屬(shu)(shu)國(guo)家(jia)二級(ji)重點(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)的鳥類(lei)有(you)海(hai)鸕鶿(zi)、大(da)天鵝、灰(hui)鶴、白(bai)(bai)尾鷂

等(deng)33種(zhong)。在《瀕危野生動植物種(zhong)國際貿易公約》中(zhong)，屬(shu)附錄Ⅰ的(de)(de)種(zhong)類(lei)有(you)(you)白(bai)鸛(guan)、丹頂鶴等(deng)7種(zhong)，屬(shu)附錄Ⅱ的(de)(de)種(zhong)類(lei)有(you)(you)花臉鴨、鵲(que)鷂等(deng)26種(zhong)，屬(shu)于附錄Ⅲ的(de)(de)種(zhong)類(lei)有(you)(you)大白(bai)鷺、針尾鴨等(deng)7種(zhong)。在《中(zhong)澳(ao)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)候鳥(niao)及其棲息環(huan)境的(de)(de)協(xie)定(ding)》中(zhong)，保(bao)護(hu)(hu)鳥(niao)類(lei)81種(zhong)，自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區內(nei)有(you)(you)51種(zhong)。在《中(zhong)日保(bao)護(hu)(hu)候鳥(niao)及其棲息環(huan)境的(de)(de)協(xie)定(ding)》中(zhong)，保(bao)護(hu)(hu)鳥(niao)類(lei)227種(zhong)，自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區內(nei)有(you)(you)152種(zhong)。

自然保護區其(qi)他動(dong)(dong)物資源(yuan)有(you)：陸(lu)生脊椎(zhui)動(dong)(dong)物35種(zhong)(zhong)，陸(lu)生無(wu)脊椎(zhui)動(dong)(dong)物583種(zhong)(zhong)，水生動(dong)(dong)物641種(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中(zhong)國家(jia)一級重點保護動(dong)(dong)物有(you)：白(bai)鱘(xun)、達氏鱘(xun)2種(zhong)(zhong)，屬(shu)國家(jia)二級重點保護動(dong)(dong)物有(you)江豚、寬吻海豚、松江鱸(lu)魚等7種(zhong)(zhong)。在《瀕危野(ye)生動(dong)(dong)植物種(zhong)(zhong)國際貿易(yi)公約(yue)》中(zhong)，屬(shu)附(fu)錄(lu)Ⅰ的(de)動(dong)(dong)物有(you)棱皮龜(gui)、江豚2種(zhong)(zhong)，屬(shu)附(fu)錄(lu)Ⅱ的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)類有(you)豹貓、小(xiao)須(xu)鯨等4種(zhong)(zhong)，屬(shu)于(yu)附(fu)錄(lu)Ⅲ的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)類有(you)黃鼬(you)1種(zhong)(zhong)。

植物

保護區內(nei)共有各類植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)393種(zhong)(含變(bian)種(zhong))。其中浮游植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)4門(men)、116種(zhong)(變(bian)種(zhong))；蕨類植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)3科、3屬(shu)、4種(zhong)；裸子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)2科、2屬(shu)、2種(zhong)；被子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)54科、178屬(shu)、271種(zhong)，其中單子(zi)葉植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)11科、57屬(shu)、87種(zhong)，雙(shuang)子(zi)葉植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)43科、121屬(shu)、184種(zhong)。

科研價值

濕地生態

濕地生態系(xi)(xi)統是水生生態系(xi)(xi)統向(xiang)陸地生態系(xi)(xi)統的一個過渡階段(duan)，其基(ji)本生態功能是調(diao)節水

份循環和維(wei)持濕地(di)(di)的(de)動植物(wu)資源，特(te)別是(shi)水禽的(de)棲(qi)息地(di)(di)和遷移性鳥類的(de)繁殖(zhi)地(di)(di)，其脆弱性決定了易失難復原(yuan)的(de)現實(shi)，因而開展(zhan)對(dui)濕地(di)(di)生態系統的(de)生產(chan)者、消費者的(de)研究，掌握其演替規律，研究其發生、發展(zhan)、組成至關重(zhong)要。

林種基因

自(zi)然保護(hu)區(qu)內(nei)分布著天然柳林、天然檉(cheng)柳林及大面積的野大豆，提供了(le)對遺傳基(ji)因研究和植物發展演替規律(lv)研究的基(ji)本材(cai)料。

穩定黃河

開展(zhan)黃(huang)河(he)穩(wen)流固(gu)道(dao)研(yan)究(jiu)是一(yi)個高難(nan)度課題，運用海動力學原(yuan)理及黃(huang)河(he)沉砂規律研(yan)究(jiu)穩(wen)定黃(huang)河(he)尾(wei)閭的工程措施，事關大局，意義深遠，將(jiang)是對全(quan)民族的貢獻。

改良土地

自然保護區內隱(yin)性潮土占保護區總面積的(de)(de)40%，這部分(fen)(fen)土壤pH值在7.5～7.8之間，極(ji)易發生鹽漬(zi)化(hua)。50年代后(hou)期的(de)(de)盲(mang)目(mu)開發，使該(gai)(gai)地(di)區大片(pian)土地(di)鹽堿(jian)化(hua)，給(gei)當地(di)的(de)(de)生態環境(jing)和(he)工農(nong)業生產造成(cheng)難以估量的(de)(de)損失。因此，在掌握該(gai)(gai)濕(shi)地(di)生態系(xi)統演化(hua)規律(lv)的(de)(de)基(ji)礎上，開展對(dui)鹽堿(jian)地(di)優良環境(jing)研(yan)究和(he)對(dui)各類資(zi)源充分(fen)(fen)、合(he)理利用(yong)與改(gai)良研(yan)究，對(dui)我國建設黃河(he)三(san)角洲糧棉(mian)基(ji)地(di)有(you)重要(yao)意義。