越(yue)女(nv)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)法相傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)是(shi)(shi)春(chun)秋戰國時期一(yi)(yi)(yi)位越(yue)國南林(是(shi)(shi)指古歙縣(xian)的(de)南鄉地(di)區,主峰擱船尖,這里一(yi)(yi)(yi)直有傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說36把越(yue)女(nv)劍(jian)(jian)(jian),又稱36把徽劍(jian)(jian)(jian),這也是(shi)(shi)太(tai)極劍(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)發祥,有歷史記載,太(tai)極拳的(de)發祥是(shi)(shi)唐朝歙縣(xian)許宣平創立的(de)37式,許大真(zhen)人(ren)(ren)也是(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)承(cheng)了(le)越(yue)女(nv)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)法的(de))叫做青青的(de)姑(gu)娘從白(bai)猿(yuan)身(shen)上領(ling)悟的(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)套劍(jian)(jian)(jian)法,越(yue)王(wang)勾(gou)踐臥(wo)薪嘗膽要滅(mie)掉(diao)吳(wu)國,為了(le)訓練士(shi)兵,就(jiu)在民間(jian)廣征高手。有個女(nv)子來到軍中,傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)了(le)士(shi)兵一(yi)(yi)(yi)套劍(jian)(jian)(jian)法,傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)了(le)以(yi)(yi)后,卻不肯留(liu)下(xia)姓名。后來人(ren)(ren)們就(jiu)以(yi)(yi)越(yue)女(nv)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)法來稱呼這套劍(jian)(jian)(jian)法。
關(guan)于(yu)越女劍的傳說悠遠(yuan),散見(jian)于(yu)正(zheng)史(shi)和(he)野(ye)編,最早(zao)、最詳盡的記載是東漢趙曄的《吳越春(chun)秋》,在后(hou)來的《藝文類聚(ju)》及(ji)《劍俠傳》中亦有(you)記載,小(xiao)說《東周(zhou)列國志演(yan)義》中也有(you)。
《吳越春秋(qiu)》中有(you)這樣的記載:
“其(qi)時越王(wang)又問(wen)相國(guo)范(fan)蠡(li)曰(yue):‘孤有報(bao)復之謀(mou),水戰(zhan)則乘舟(zhou),陸行則乘輿(yu)。輿(yu)舟(zhou)之利,頓于兵弩(nu)。今(jin)子(zi)為寡(gua)人(ren)謀(mou)事(shi),莫(mo)不(bu)謬者乎?’范(fan)蠡(li)對曰(yue):‘臣聞(wen)古之圣人(ren),莫(mo)不(bu)習戰(zhan)用兵。然行陣、隊伍、軍(jun)鼓之事(shi),吉(ji)兇(xiong)決在其(qi)工。今(jin)聞(wen)越有處(chu)女,出于南林,國(guo)人(ren)稱善。愿王(wang)請(qing)之,立可見(jian)。’越王(wang)乃使使聘之,問(wen)以劍戟之術(shu)。
“處女將北見于(yu)王,道(dao)逢(feng)一翁,自稱曰(yue)‘袁(yuan)公(gong)(gong)’,問(wen)于(yu)處女曰(yue):吾聞(wen)子善劍,愿一見之(zhi)。’女曰(yue):‘妾不(bu)敢多所(suo)隱,惟公(gong)(gong)試之(zhi)。’于(yu)是袁(yuan)公(gong)(gong)即杖箖箊(yu)(竹(zhu)名)竹(zhu),竹(zhu)枝(zhi)上頡橋(向上勁(jing)挑),未(wei)墮地(‘未(wei)’應(ying)作‘末’,竹(zhu)梢(shao)(shao)折而跌落),女即捷末(‘捷’應(ying)作‘接(jie)(jie)’,接(jie)(jie)住竹(zhu)梢(shao)(shao))。袁(yuan)公(gong)(gong)則(ze)飛上樹,變為(wei)白猿,遂別去。
“見越(yue)(yue)王(wang)(wang)。越(yue)(yue)王(wang)(wang)問曰:‘夫(fu)劍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)如(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)何?’女(nv)曰:‘妾生深林之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中,長于無人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)野(ye),無道(dao)(dao)不(bu)習(xi),不(bu)達諸侯,竊好(hao)擊(ji)(ji)劍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao),誦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)休。妾非(fei)受于人(ren)(ren)(ren)也,而忽自有之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。’越(yue)(yue)王(wang)(wang)曰:‘其道(dao)(dao)如(ru)何?’女(nv)曰:‘其道(dao)(dao)甚(shen)微而易,其意甚(shen)幽而深。道(dao)(dao)有門戶,亦有陰陽。開(kai)門閉(bi)戶,陰衰(shuai)陽興(xing),凡手(shou)戰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao),內實精神(shen)(shen),外示安(an)儀。見之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)似好(hao)婦,奪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)似懼(ju)虎(看(kan)上去好(hao)像(xiang)溫柔的女(nv)子(zi),一受攻擊(ji)(ji),立刻便如(ru)受到威脅的猛虎那樣,作出迅速強烈的反應(ying))。布形候氣(qi),與(yu)神(shen)(shen)俱往(wang)。杳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)若(ruo)(ruo)日,偏如(ru)騰(teng)兔,追形逐影,光若(ruo)(ruo)仿(fang)佛,呼吸(xi)往(wang)來,不(bu)及法禁,縱橫逆(ni)順,直復不(bu)聞。斯道(dao)(dao)者,一人(ren)(ren)(ren)當百,百人(ren)(ren)(ren)當萬。王(wang)(wang)欲試之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),其驗即見。’越(yue)(yue)王(wang)(wang)即加(jia)女(nv)號,號曰‘越(yue)(yue)女(nv)’。乃命五板之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)墮(‘墮’應(ying)作‘隊(dui)’)高(gao)(‘高(gao)’是人(ren)(ren)(ren)名,高(gao)隊(dui)長)習(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教軍士,當世莫勝(sheng)越(yue)(yue)女(nv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)劍。”
《劍俠傳》則說:“袁公即挽林杪之竹(zhu)似桔槔,末折(zhe)地,女(nv)接(jie)其末。公操其本而(er)刺女(nv)。女(nv)因舉杖(zhang)擊之,公即上樹,化為(wei)白猿。”
“桔槔”是井(jing)上汲水的(de)滑車,當是從《吳越春秋》中(zhong)“頡橋”兩字化出(chu)來(lai)的(de),形容(rong)袁公使動竹枝時的(de)靈動。
當代著名作(zuo)家金庸曾(ceng)據(ju)此(ci)編寫成短(duan)篇小說《越女劍》,成為“飛(fei)雪連天(tian)射白鹿,笑書神俠(xia)倚碧鴛”外的(de)第十五(wu)部武俠(xia)小說。
在《越女(nv)劍》中,《卅三劍客圖》中的“趙(zhao)處女(nv)”化(hua)名阿青,她以竹枝為劍,斗敗白猿。從而引(yin)發了一段吳越爭霸中的傳奇插曲。
《吳(wu)越春秋(qiu)》記(ji)載:
越(yue)王曰:‘其道如(ru)何(he)?’女曰:‘其道甚(shen)微而易(yi),其意甚(shen)幽而深。道有(you)門戶(hu),亦有(you)陰(yin)陽(yang)。開門閉戶(hu),陰(yin)衰(shuai)陽(yang)興。凡(fan)手戰(zhan)之(zhi)道,內實(shi)精神(shen),外示(shi)安儀。見之(zhi)似好婦,奪之(zhi)似懼虎(看上去好像溫(wen)柔(rou)的(de)女子,一受攻(gong)擊,立刻便如(ru)受到(dao)威脅的(de)猛虎那樣,作出(chu)迅速強烈的(de)反應)。布形(xing)候氣,與神(shen)俱往。杳之(zhi)若日(ri),偏如(ru)騰兔,追形(xing)逐影(ying),光若仿佛(fo),呼吸(xi)往來,不(bu)及法禁,縱(zong)橫逆順,直(zhi)復不(bu)聞。斯(si)道者,一人當百(bai),百(bai)人當萬。'