《天際烏云(yun)帖(tie)》又稱《嵩陽帖(tie)》,蘇軾(shi)詩文一(yi)章,行書,真跡曾由明代項元汴(bian)收(shou)藏(zang),清歸(gui)翁(weng)方綱,有翁(weng)氏(shi)題跋。共三(san)十六行,計三(san)百零七個字。藏(zang)處不詳。
此(ci)(ci)帖(tie)無年(nian)款(kuan),據(ju)清(qing)翁方綱所(suo)考(kao),蘇(su)軾有(you)《常潤道中,有(you)懷(huai)錢唐(tang),寄述(shu)古五(wu)(wu)首》之(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo),其次(ci)章有(you)“去年(nian)柳絮飛時(shi)節,記得(de)金籠放(fang)雪(xue)衣(yi)(yi)”句,并自注云:“杭人以放(fang)鴿(ge)為(wei)(wei)(wei)太守(shou)壽。”此(ci)(ci)正是(shi)(shi)帖(tie)中所(suo)言陳太守(shou)放(fang)營妓周韶(shao)事(shi),杭人稱譽之(zhi)(zhi)。因(yin)周韶(shao)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)中有(you)“開籠若放(fang)雪(xue)衣(yi)(yi)女”事(shi),正應放(fang)鴿(ge)為(wei)(wei)(wei)壽。此(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)熙(xi)寧(ning)五(wu)(wu)、六年(nian)間事(shi)。翁氏(shi)又(you)(you)考(kao)蘇(su)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)外(wai)集有(you)《過濰(wei)(wei)州(zhou)(zhou)驛,見蔡(cai)君(jun)謨(mo)(mo)題(ti)(ti)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)壁(bi)上(shang)云:“綽(chuo)(chuo)約(yue)新(xin)嬌(jiao)生(sheng)眼(yan)底,逡巡(xun)舊事(shi)上(shang)眉尖(jian)。春(chun)來(lai)試問(wen)愁多少,得(de)似春(chun)潮(chao)夜夜添。不(bu)知(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)誰而作(zuo)也(ye)?和(he)一(yi)(yi)首》。此(ci)(ci)事(shi)在(zai)(zai)蘇(su)軾自密(mi)州(zhou)(zhou)移徐州(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)際,即(ji)在(zai)(zai)熙(xi)寧(ning)九(jiu)年(nian)蘇(su)軾濰(wei)(wei)州(zhou)(zhou)度歲時(shi)。翁氏(shi)即(ji)猜此(ci)(ci)帖(tie)在(zai)(zai)熙(xi)寧(ning)十年(nian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。然詩(shi)(shi)(shi)與帖(tie)又(you)(you)有(you)矛盾:帖(tie)云“仆在(zai)(zai)錢塘(tang)”見“堂前(qian)(qian)小閣中壁(bi)上(shang)”書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)蔡(cai)君(jun)謨(mo)(mo)“綽(chuo)(chuo)約(yue)新(xin)嬌(jiao)”詩(shi)(shi)(shi),而詩(shi)(shi)(shi)云:“過濰(wei)(wei)州(zhou)(zhou)驛,見蔡(cai)君(jun)謨(mo)(mo)題(ti)(ti)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)壁(bi)上(shang)云:‘綽(chuo)(chuo)約(yue)新(xin)嬌(jiao)……'。”二者必有(you)一(yi)(yi)偽。再,《蘇(su)文(wen)忠公詩(shi)(shi)(shi)編注集成總案(an)》又(you)(you)載蘇(su)軾《題(ti)(ti)蔡(cai)君(jun)謨(mo)(mo)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)草》云:“此(ci)(ci)蔡(cai)君(jun)謨(mo)(mo)—《夢中》—詩(shi)(shi)(shi),真(zhen)跡在(zai)(zai)濟明家,筆力遒勁。”并自署為(wei)(wei)(wei)“元(yuan)皊(ling)(ling)五(wu)(wu)年(nian)十月四日(ri)”。此(ci)(ci)是(shi)(shi)蘇(su)軾知(zhi)杭州(zhou)(zhou)事(shi),距初悴杭州(zhou)(zhou)又(you)(you)十五(wu)(wu)、六年(nian)時(shi)間。這又(you)(you)留下一(yi)(yi)個(ge)可猜想的余地。但(dan)帖(tie)中“仆在(zai)(zai)錢塘(tang)”云云,書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)此(ci)(ci)帖(tie)時(shi)必不(bu)在(zai)(zai)錢塘(tang)。因(yin)之(zhi)(zhi),斷為(wei)(wei)(wei)熙(xi)寧(ning)十年(nian)左右較合理。然翁氏(shi)在(zai)(zai)帖(tie)考(kao)中又(you)(you)云此(ci)(ci)帖(tie)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)頗類《滿庭芳(fang)詞(ci)——為(wei)(wei)(wei)王長官作(zuo)》和(he)《上(shang)清(qing)宮詞(ci)》書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。前(qian)(qian)者書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)于元(yuan)豐六年(nian),后者書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)于元(yuan)皊(ling)(ling)二年(nian)。因(yin)此(ci)(ci)斷定在(zai)(zai)熙(xi)寧(ning)十年(nian)至(zhi)元(yuan)皊(ling)(ling)二年(nian)這十年(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)間。此(ci)(ci)又(you)(you)平添一(yi)(yi)重疑難也(ye)。
翁(weng)氏(shi)收藏此帖(tie)(tie)后,又引起了是(shi)否鈞填本的爭(zheng)論。因存世蘇(su)書鉤填本很多,而此帖(tie)(tie)紙(zhi)質擦損嚴重(zhong),“有二一(yi)描失處”,故(gu)疑之(zhi)。但翁(weng)氏(shi)肯定說這是(shi)真跡(ji)本,并將此帖(tie)(tie)與《快(kuai)雪堂帖(tie)(tie)》刻本逐一(yi)比較,而斷(duan)定《快(kuai)雪堂帖(tie)(tie)》刻本所據(ju)乃為董其昌記載所見之(zhi)摹(mo)本。在(zai)沒有尋找到更多的證據(ju)前,我們(men)尊重(zhong)翁(weng)氏(shi)之(zhi)論,也是(shi)有道(dao)理的。
“天際烏云(yun)含雨重,樓前(qian)紅日照山(shan)明(ming)。嵩(song)陽居士今何(he)(he)(在(zai)),青眼(yan)看人(ren)萬(wan)(wan)里情。”此蔡君(jun)謨《夢中(zhong)》詩(shi)也。仆(pu)在(zai)錢塘,一(yi)日謁陳(chen)述(古),邀余(yu)飲堂前(qian)小(xiao)合中(zhong)。壁上(shang)小(xiao)書一(yi)絕,君(jun)謨真跡也。“綽(chuo)約新嬌(jiao)生眼(yan)底,侵尋舊(jiu)事上(shang)眉尖。問君(jun)別后愁(chou)多(duo)少,得似(si)春潮夜夜添(tian)。”又有(you)人(ren)和云(yun):“長垂玉筋殘妝臉(lian),肯為金釵露(lu)指(zhi)尖。萬(wan)(wan)斛閑愁(chou)何(he)(he)日盡,一(yi)分真態(tai)更難添(tian)。”二詩(shi)皆可觀,后詩(shi)不(bu)知(zhi)誰作也。杭(hang)州營(ying)籍周韶,多(duo)蓄奇茗,常與君(jun)謨斗,勝之(zhi)。韶又知(zhi)作詩(shi)。子容過杭(hang),述古飲之(zhi),韶泣求(qiu)落(luo)籍。子容曰(yue)(yue):“可作一(yi)絕,”韶援筆立成、曰(yue)(yue):“隴上(shang)巢空歲月驚,忍看回首(shou)自(zi)梳翎。開籠若放雪衣(yi)女,長念(nian)觀音般若經。”韶時有(you)服(fu),衣(yi)白,一(yi)坐嗟嘆。遂落(luo)籍。同(tong)輩皆有(you)詩(shi)送之(zhi),二人(ren)者最善。胡(hu)楚云(yun):“淡妝輕(qing)素鶴翎紅,移入朱欄便(bian)不(bu)同(tong)。應笑西園(yuan)舊(jiu)桃李(li),強勻顏色待東風。”龍靚云(yun):“桃花流水本無塵,一(yi)落(luo)人(ren)間幾(ji)度春。解佩暫酬交甫意,濯纓還(huan)作武陵人(ren)。”故(gu)知(zhi)杭(hang)人(ren)多(duo)惠(hui)也。