芒果视频

基本介紹

《水龍吟·賦張斗墅家(jia)古(gu)松(song)(song)五(wu)粒》是宋代(dai)詞(ci)人吳文(wen)英(ying)的作品。此詞(ci)贊譽(yu)張家(jia)五(wu)株古(gu)松(song)(song)盆景。全詞(ci)緊(jin)扣題(ti)意(yi)，既刻畫出(chu)松(song)(song)之“古(gu)”、“小”，又用山(shan)野松(song)(song)樹襯(chen)托，再以盆中小擺設(she)陪襯(chen)，顯示(shi)出(chu)古(gu)松(song)(song)的長青可愛。

內容介紹

作品原文

水龍(long)吟(yin)·賦張斗墅家(jia)古松五粒

有人獨立空山，翠髯未(wei)覺霜顏老。新香(xiang)秀粒(li)，濃光(guang)綠浸(jin)，千年(nian)春小。布影參旗，障空云(yun)蓋，沉(chen)沉(chen)秋曉。駟(si)蒼虬(qiu)萬(wan)里(li)，笙吹鳳女①，驂飛乘、天風裊。

般巧。霜斤(jin)不到。漢游仙、相(xiang)從最早。皺鱗細(xi)雨，層(ceng)陰藏(zang)月，朱(zhu)弦古調。問訊東橋，故人(ren)南嶺，倚天長嘯②。待凌霄謝了③，山深(shen)歲晚(wan)，素心才表。

作品校注

①吹(chui)：一本作“飛”。

②倚天(tian)長嘯：一本(ben)無“長”字。

③了(le)：一本作(zuo)“后(hou)”。

作者介紹

吳文英，宋代詞(ci)人。字(zi)君特(te)，號夢窗(chuang)，晚號覺翁，四(si)明（今浙(zhe)江(jiang)寧波）人。原出翁姓，后出嗣吳氏。一生未第(di)，游幕(mu)終身。紹定（宋理宗年號，1228—1233）中入蘇州(zhou)倉幕(mu)。曾任吳濳浙(zhe)東安撫使幕(mu)僚，復為(wei)榮王府(fu)門(men)客。出入賈似道(dao)、史宅之(zhi)（史彌遠之(zhi)子(zi)）之(zhi)門(men)。知音律，能自度曲。詞(ci)名極(ji)重(zhong)，以綿麗(li)為(wei)尚，思深語(yu)麗(li)，多從李(li)賀詩中來。有《夢窗(chuang)甲(jia)乙丙丁稿》傳世。

鑒賞評價

《水(shui)龍(long)吟》，又名《龍(long)吟曲(qu)》、《莊椿歲》、《小樓(lou)連苑》。《清(qing)真集》入“越調”，《夢窗詞》集入“無射商”。

張(zhang)斗(dou)墅(shu)(shu)，即張(zhang)蘊，字仁溥，號斗(dou)墅(shu)(shu)，揚州人，嘉熙（宋理宗年號，公元1237—1240年）間為沿江制(zhi)置使屬官，公元1256年（寶(bao)祐四年）干辦(ban)行在諸司糧料院。有(you)(you)《斗(dou)墅(shu)(shu)支稿》。“古(gu)松(song)五粒(li)”，“粒(li)”，言(yan)其細小。因而(er)，在張(zhang)斗(dou)墅(shu)(shu)家的五株(zhu)古(gu)松(song)，實為盆栽之松(song)。又說“粒(li)”者鬣也(ye),系音近，故稱者異。五鬣者，言(yan)如馬鬣形也(ye)，如李賀有(you)(you)《五粒(li)小松(song)歌》，岑參詩“五粒(li)松(song)花(hua)酒”，林(lin)寬詩“庭高五粒(li)松(song)”皆是。

上(shang)(shang)片將(jiang)盆(pen)栽古(gu)(gu)松(song)(song)(song)與(yu)山野的(de)(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)松(song)(song)(song)作一對比。“有人(ren)(ren)”兩句(ju)，將(jiang)盆(pen)中(zhong)古(gu)(gu)松(song)(song)(song)擬(ni)人(ren)(ren)化。此(ci)言盆(pen)景上(shang)(shang)怪(guai)石嶙峋如(ru)山兀立(li)(li)，古(gu)(gu)松(song)(song)(song)栽于其旁，猶如(ru)人(ren)(ren)獨立(li)(li)于山間。古(gu)(gu)松(song)(song)(song)雖是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)已有千年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)樹齡，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)看起來(lai)仍舊是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)郁郁蔥蔥蒼(cang)(cang)翠欲滴。“新香”三句(ju)。言古(gu)(gu)松(song)(song)(song)雖小，卻(que)能(neng)散(san)發出陣陣清香。在陽(yang)光照射下(xia)(xia)，松(song)(song)(song)針濃密得如(ru)浸入在一片綠色之(zhi)中(zhong)。因此(ci)雖是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)千年(nian)(nian)古(gu)(gu)松(song)(song)(song)，在時(shi)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)眼(yan)中(zhong)，仍舊覺(jue)得它(ta)還是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)如(ru)青春(chun)(chun)年(nian)(nian)少般的(de)(de)(de)嬌小可愛。以上(shang)(shang)敘(xu)盆(pen)中(zhong)古(gu)(gu)松(song)(song)(song)，下(xia)(xia)面轉(zhuan)述(shu)山野中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)松(song)(song)(song)。“布影”三句(ju)，言山野上(shang)(shang)與(yu)盆(pen)松(song)(song)(song)同齡的(de)(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)松(song)(song)(song)，如(ru)今(jin)必定(ding)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)黛色參天，冠蓋蔽空(kong)。如(ru)果人(ren)(ren)們經過(guo)樹下(xia)(xia)，就(jiu)會仿佛進(jin)入黑(hei)沉沉、冷(leng)清清的(de)(de)(de)秋(qiu)天凌晨(chen)一般。“駟蒼(cang)(cang)虬”三句(ju)，言山野古(gu)(gu)松(song)(song)(song)枝干粗大(da)如(ru)蒼(cang)(cang)虬之(zhi)張牙舞(wu)爪(zhua)似的(de)(de)(de)欲騰飛萬里。高大(da)的(de)(de)(de)主枝直插云霄(xiao)能(neng)與(yu)天風相(xiang)抗衡。枝梢上(shang)(shang)還能(neng)夠(gou)引來(lai)鸞鳳(feng)停留其上(shang)(shang)而曼聲吟鳴。兩相(xiang)對照之(zhi)下(xia)(xia)，盆(pen)松(song)(song)(song)占“小”、巧兩字(zi)；野松(song)(song)(song)則得其型態之(zhi)雄(xiong)偉，春(chun)(chun)花秋(qiu)月各(ge)有所長。

下片應題中“賦張斗墅(shu)家古(gu)松(song)(song)(song)”。“般(ban)巧”三(san)(san)句(ju)。此(ci)言(yan)盆(pen)松(song)(song)(song)生(sheng)得(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)巧可愛，還能夠免除(chu)掉遭受利斧砍伐之(zhi)(zhi)罪。詞人(ren)說：見到了盆(pen)中的(de)松(song)(song)(song)樹，我不由想(xiang)到了漢(han)代的(de)赤松(song)(song)(song)子。恐(kong)怕他是(shi)最早(zao)與(yu)(yu)松(song)(song)(song)樹作伴的(de)仙(xian)人(ren)了。“皺鱗”三(san)(san)句(ju)。言(yan)盆(pen)松(song)(song)(song)雖長得(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)巧，但(dan)是(shi)細上(shang)看去，枝(zhi)上(shang)鱗片蒼老如細雨密布其(qi)上(shang)；松(song)(song)(song)針(zhen)層疊，使月光(guang)(guang)難以穿透。這一句(ju)又(you)與(yu)(yu)上(shang)片“濃光(guang)(guang)綠浸”遙相呼(hu)應。“朱弦古(gu)調”句(ju)，化用唐劉(liu)長卿《聽(ting)彈(dan)琴》“泠泠七弦上(shang)，靜聽(ting)松(song)(song)(song)風寒。古(gu)調雖自愛，今(jin)人(ren)多不彈(dan)”詩意(yi)。此(ci)言(yan)盆(pen)松(song)(song)(song)可愛而(er)誘(you)人(ren)，宜騷人(ren)墨客為其(qi)彈(dan)奏《風入松(song)(song)(song)》這首古(gu)琴曲。“問訊”三(san)(san)句(ju)，側寫盆(pen)中的(de)假山(shan)景色。言(yan)盆(pen)中設有(you)假山(shan)：有(you)橋有(you)嶺，又(you)有(you)泥俑(yong)站(zhan)在嶺上(shang)倚天而(er)嘯。“待凌(ling)霄”三(san)(san)句(ju)，顯出松(song)(song)(song)樹本(ben)色。此(ci)言(yan)當凌(ling)霄花謝的(de)時(shi)候，已是(shi)到了秋盡冬至之(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)。但(dan)到那個時(shi)候，古(gu)松(song)(song)(song)會愈發(fa)顯得(de)(de)(de)精(jing)神奕奕，真是(shi)“歲寒見松(song)(song)(song)柏之(zhi)(zhi)長青”啊！此(ci)雖是(shi)在講松(song)(song)(song)樹，而(er)暗中卻隱(yin)隱(yin)以松(song)(song)(song)樹之(zhi)(zhi)志自比，以此(ci)傲視世人(ren)。