芒果视频

基本介紹

魁(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)是一種大(da)型(xing)異特(te)(te)龍(long)類，體型(xing)接(jie)近霸王龍(long)，其化(hua)石發(fa)現于(yu)阿(a)根廷的(de)巴塔哥尼(ni)亞地區。魁(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)屬下僅包含一種，丘布(bu)特(te)(te)魁(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)。魁(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)與(yu)同(tong)屬于(yu)異特(te)(te)龍(long)類的(de)鯊齒龍(long)，南(nan)方巨(ju)獸龍(long)和馬普龍(long)有(you)很(hen)近的(de)親緣關系。與(yu)這(zhe)些近親相比，魁(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)的(de)生存(cun)時間更早(zao)，年代(dai)為早(zao)白堊世的(de)阿(a)普特(te)(te)期(qi)。魁(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)的(de)發(fa)現對于(yu)認(ren)識(shi)巨(ju)型(xing)鯊齒龍(long)類的(de)早(zao)期(qi)形態演(yan)化(hua)具有(you)重要意(yi)義。

命名由來

魁紂龍的屬名是tyrannus和titan的合(he)成詞，意為(wei)“巨大(da)的暴君”，種(zhong)名是阿根(gen)廷的丘布特省。

基本信息和形態學

魁(kui)紂龍目前報道了兩件標本，正(zheng)型標本MPEF-PV 1156包含(han)了不完整的齒(chi)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)，脫落(luo)的牙齒(chi)；第(di)3-8和(he)(he)11-14節背椎，近端尾椎，肋骨(gu)(gu)(gu)和(he)(he)脈(mo)弧；不完整的左側(ce)(ce)肩胛烏(wu)喙(hui)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)和(he)(he)右側(ce)(ce)肱(gong)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)以及尺骨(gu)(gu)(gu)；恥骨(gu)(gu)(gu)，坐骨(gu)(gu)(gu)，不完整的左側(ce)(ce)腸骨(gu)(gu)(gu)；幾乎(hu)完整的左側(ce)(ce)股骨(gu)(gu)(gu)，腓骨(gu)(gu)(gu)和(he)(he)第(di)二跖骨(gu)(gu)(gu)。

樞椎(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)之后的(de)頸椎(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)均(jun)為后凹(ao)形。薦(jian)椎(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)前(qian)的(de)椎(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)體都具備良好發育的(de)氣腔(qiang)。尾椎(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)骨缺乏氣腔(qiang)或者滋養孔，這一點于鯊(sha)齒龍和(he)高棘龍不同。背(bei)椎(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)神經棘延(yan)前(qian)后方向伸長，背(bei)腹向加(jia)深以及內外向加(jia)厚(hou)，其前(qian)后面都發育有強大的(de)韌帶附著點。

烏喙骨(gu)(gu)(gu)和(he)肩(jian)胛骨(gu)(gu)(gu)愈合(he)。肩(jian)胛骨(gu)(gu)(gu)柄(bing)(bing)較(jiao)窄，肩(jian)峰突較(jiao)為(wei)(wei)高聳(song)，與(yu)肩(jian)胛骨(gu)(gu)(gu)柄(bing)(bing)略呈90度夾角。魁紂龍(long)較(jiao)為(wei)(wei)纖細的(de)(de)(de)肩(jian)帶骨(gu)(gu)(gu)骼與(yu)南(nan)方巨獸(shou)龍(long)較(jiao)為(wei)(wei)粗(cu)壯的(de)(de)(de)肩(jian)帶形(xing)成鮮(xian)明的(de)(de)(de)對(dui)比，但是南(nan)方巨獸(shou)龍(long)的(de)(de)(de)烏喙骨(gu)(gu)(gu)更為(wei)(wei)退化(hua)。保存的(de)(de)(de)肱骨(gu)(gu)(gu)和(he)尺骨(gu)(gu)(gu)表(biao)明魁紂龍(long)的(de)(de)(de)前肢較(jiao)短但是比較(jiao)粗(cu)壯。股(gu)(gu)(gu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)厚實，具備鯊齒龍(long)類的(de)(de)(de)典型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)共近裔性狀組合(he)：股(gu)(gu)(gu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)頭向(xiang)近端內側的(de)(de)(de)方向(xiang)延申，腓骨(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)度小于股(gu)(gu)(gu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)長(chang)度的(de)(de)(de)70%。魁紂龍(long)的(de)(de)(de)股(gu)(gu)(gu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)長(chang)度與(yu)南(nan)方巨獸(shou)龍(long)接近，股(gu)(gu)(gu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)柄(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)(de)內外(wai)側向(xiang)寬度為(wei)(wei)16.5厘米(mi)。

歸入標本(ben)(ben)MPEF-PV 1157包含了顴骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)，右側(ce)齒骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)，不關聯(lian)的牙齒，寰椎(zhui)(zhui)，第(di)(di)9節(jie)頸椎(zhui)(zhui)，第(di)(di)7，10和13節(jie)背椎(zhui)(zhui)，不完(wan)整保存的1-5節(jie)合薦椎(zhui)(zhui)，一(yi)些不關聯(lian)的遠端尾椎(zhui)(zhui)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)，肋(lei)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)，右側(ce)股骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)，不完(wan)整的第(di)(di)二跖(zhi)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)，第(di)(di)一(yi)二腳趾的第(di)(di)二指(zhi)節(jie)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)和第(di)(di)三腳趾的第(di)(di)三指(zhi)節(jie)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。歸入標本(ben)(ben)的體型比正形標本(ben)(ben)更大。

歸(gui)入標(biao)本的(de)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)骨長度(du)(du)為(wei)68厘米，吻端(duan)的(de)深度(du)(du)為(wei)14厘米。齒(chi)(chi)(chi)骨聯合處背腹向加深且(qie)呈方形。齒(chi)(chi)(chi)骨上大約有(you)(you)16個齒(chi)(chi)(chi)槽。牙齒(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)遠中(zhong)脊(ji)唇側具(ju)有(you)(you)邊(bian)緣(yuan)(yuan)釉質褶皺(zhou)，這一特征也(ye)存在于其它鯊齒(chi)(chi)(chi)龍類中(zhong)。牙齒(chi)(chi)(chi)前(qian)中(zhong)脊(ji)的(de)鋸齒(chi)(chi)(chi)具(ju)有(you)(you)二(er)(er)裂式的(de)前(qian)邊(bian)緣(yuan)(yuan)。二(er)(er)裂式的(de)鋸齒(chi)(chi)(chi)邊(bian)緣(yuan)(yuan)在巨齒(chi)(chi)(chi)龍類中(zhong)也(ye)有(you)(you)發(fa)現。

分類位置

目前主(zhu)流的系統(tong)發育分(fen)析認為魁紂龍(long)屬于(yu)(yu)異特龍(long)超科的鯊齒龍(long)類。在鯊齒龍(long)類內部，它與(yu)鯊齒龍(long)，馬普龍(long)和南方巨(ju)(ju)獸龍(long)形成(cheng)了(le)一(yi)個小單(dan)系。這一(yi)單(dan)系的成(cheng)員(yuan)都具有(you)異常(chang)巨(ju)(ju)大的體型，分(fen)別代表了(le)岡瓦納(na)古陸不同部分(fen)的頂級(ji)捕食者，且除了(le)鯊齒龍(long)發現于(yu)(yu)非洲以外，其余成(cheng)員(yuan)都發現于(yu)(yu)阿根廷(ting)。魁紂龍(long)是這一(yi)單(dan)系中最早出現的成(cheng)員(yuan)。

科學意義以及體型估算

根(gen)據估算(suan)，魁(kui)紂龍(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)長可以(yi)達到(dao)11.4-12米，甚至13米。體(ti)重大(da)(da)約(yue)為4.9-7噸。作為早期出(chu)現的(de)(de)(de)(de)南半球巨型(xing)鯊(sha)齒龍(long)(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)，魁(kui)紂龍(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)現有(you)助(zhu)于古(gu)生(sheng)物學家更好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)研究中(zhong)晚(wan)白堊階(jie)段恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)動物類(lei)(lei)群的(de)(de)(de)(de)轉變。從阿(a)普特期至塞諾(nuo)曼期的(de)(de)(de)(de)階(jie)段，岡瓦納古(gu)陸上的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)型(xing)獸腳類(lei)(lei)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)主要包括大(da)(da)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鯊(sha)齒龍(long)(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)和(he)棘龍(long)(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)，而植食性恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)則以(yi)大(da)(da)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)泰坦(tan)巨龍(long)(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)和(he)基(ji)干的(de)(de)(de)(de)梁龍(long)(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)為主。在北非地區(qu)還有(you)體(ti)長達到(dao)12米的(de)(de)(de)(de)鱷魚。在土(tu)倫(lun)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)后期，大(da)(da)型(xing)鯊(sha)齒龍(long)(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)和(he)棘龍(long)(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)在南美洲(zhou)化(hua)(hua)石記(ji)錄中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)現頻率減少。在南美洲(zhou)，馬達加(jia)斯加(jia)和(he)印(yin)度等地的(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)石記(ji)錄中(zhong)取而代之的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)體(ti)型(xing)略(lve)小一(yi)(yi)些的(de)(de)(de)(de)阿(a)貝力龍(long)(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)。巧合的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)，伴隨著這(zhe)兩類(lei)(lei)大(da)(da)型(xing)獸腳類(lei)(lei)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)消失(shi)，其(qi)它的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)些動物也逐(zhu)漸消失(shi)，包括大(da)(da)頭(tou)鱷類(lei)(lei)（典型(xing)代表包括帝鱷），大(da)(da)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)干禽(qin)龍(long)(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)以(yi)及梁龍(long)(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)。

這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)在(zai)南方(fang)大(da)陸上(shang)出現的(de)(de)動物(wu)類群替換現象在(zai)北半(ban)球(qiu)(qiu)也平(ping)行出現。如以高棘龍(long)(long)西亞茨龍(long)(long)為代(dai)表的(de)(de)大(da)型(xing)異(yi)特龍(long)(long)類的(de)(de)消失，取而代(dai)之的(de)(de)是大(da)型(xing)暴龍(long)(long)類。植(zhi)食性動物(wu)方(fang)面，隨著泰坦巨龍(long)(long)類和基(ji)干禽(qin)龍(long)(long)類的(de)(de)消失，角龍(long)(long)類和鴨(ya)嘴龍(long)(long)逐漸繁盛(sheng)。這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)在(zai)南半(ban)球(qiu)(qiu)和北半(ban)球(qiu)(qiu)平(ping)行發生的(de)(de)動物(wu)類群替代(dai)現象說明在(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)一時期發生了全球(qiu)(qiu)性的(de)(de)生物(wu)多樣性變革事(shi)件(jian)。對于這(zhe)(zhe)一事(shi)件(jian)的(de)(de)詳細研究將會使古生物(wu)學家更加深入的(de)(de)了解白堊(e)紀末大(da)滅(mie)絕前的(de)(de)生態變化。

生長與分布

丘布特魁紂龍是由奧尼拉斯·諾瓦(Fernando E.Novas)、Sil發現與種vina de Valais、帕特·里奇(qi)(qi)(Pat Vickers-Rich)、以(yi)及托馬斯·里奇(qi)(qi)(Tom Rich)等(deng)人在2005年(nian)所敘述(shu)。魁紂龍的正模(mo)標(biao)本和副模(mo)標(biao)本被(bei)發(fa)現于(yu)阿(a)根廷(ting)丘布特省帕索印第歐東北方(fang)28公里的La Juanita牧場。該地(di)方(fang)被(bei)認為(wei)屬于(yu)Cerro Barcino地(di)層，地(di)質年(nian)代(dai)為(wei)阿(a)爾必階，約1.08億(yi)年(nian)前的白(bai)堊紀早(zao)期到中期。已有兩個(ge)完整度一般的骨骼(ge)化石標(biao)本被(bei)發(fa)現。

形態及特征

魁紂龍Tyrannotitan

魁紂龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)名字(zi)含義(yi)是"暴君(jun)巨(ju)人"，最大體(ti)(ti)長可達12.5米(mi)，最大體(ti)(ti)重9.3噸。骨骼的(de)結構表明魁紂龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)親緣關系屬于(yu)在南(nan)方巨(ju)獸(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)和(he)(he)鯊(sha)齒龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)之間的(de)恐龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)，魁紂龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)屬于(yu)鯊(sha)齒龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)科，親緣關系更接近(jin)南(nan)方巨(ju)獸(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)和(he)(he)馬(ma)普龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)，并且與南(nan)方巨(ju)獸(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)和(he)(he)馬(ma)普龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)共同(tong)組成南(nan)方巨(ju)獸(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)族，而離鯊(sha)齒龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)相對較(jiao)(jiao)遠(yuan)。體(ti)(ti)重指數和(he)(he)身體(ti)(ti)粗(cu)壯度(du)(du)超過了(le)除霸(ba)王(wang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)外的(de)所有(you)獸(shou)(shou)腳亞(ya)目和(he)(he)食(shi)肉恐龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)，但頭部比(bi)例比(bi)南(nan)方巨(ju)獸(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)小一些，體(ti)(ti)重指數和(he)(he)身體(ti)(ti)粗(cu)壯程度(du)(du)在食(shi)肉恐龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)里僅(jin)次于(yu)霸(ba)王(wang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)。它有(you)著(zhu)細(xi)小的(de)前肢(zhi)和(he)(he)爪子，就(jiu)像白堊紀的(de)其他(ta)(ta)巨(ju)型掠(lve)食(shi)者--其他(ta)(ta)鯊(sha)齒龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)科，暴龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)科和(he)(he)阿(a)貝力龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)科那樣。已發現了(le)兩個完整度(du)(du)較(jiao)(jiao)高的(de)骨骼化石。

體腔極寬

此外(wai)，在所有(you)獸(shou)腳(jiao)亞(ya)目和食(shi)肉(rou)(rou)恐龍(long)(long)(long)(long)里(li)，除了著(zhu)名的(de)(de)(de)霸(ba)王(wang)(wang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)以外(wai)，魁(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)是發(fa)現的(de)(de)(de)所有(you)獸(shou)腳(jiao)亞(ya)目里(li)，按比例身體(ti)(ti)(ti)最(zui)(zui)粗壯(zhuang)厚(hou)重和寬大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(特別是在同(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)長的(de)(de)(de)前提下)，魁(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)(ti)重指數和粗壯(zhuang)程度(du)僅僅次于霸(ba)王(wang)(wang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)。一(yi)般個(ge)體(ti)(ti)(ti)魁(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)(ti)重大(da)概相當于同(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)長霸(ba)王(wang)(wang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)85%甚至90%，股骨粗壯(zhuang)、肩胛骨巨大(da)、肋骨很(hen)粗厚(hou)、骨盆大(da)、脊椎骨很(hen)寬，都使得(de)魁(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)(ti)重指數和身體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)粗壯(zhuang)度(du)，將其他(ta)食(shi)肉(rou)(rou)恐龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(除霸(ba)王(wang)(wang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long))遠遠甩在了身后，同(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)長的(de)(de)(de)魁(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)(ti)腔寬度(du)和身體(ti)(ti)(ti)厚(hou)實(shi)度(du)穩穩地超過了其他(ta)獸(shou)腳(jiao)亞(ya)目。魁(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)不僅僅是肉(rou)(rou)食(shi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)下目異特龍(long)(long)(long)(long)超科鯊(sha)齒龍(long)(long)(long)(long)科最(zui)(zui)壯(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)，也是整個(ge)獸(shou)腳(jiao)亞(ya)目、堅尾(wei)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)類(lei)、食(shi)肉(rou)(rou)恐龍(long)(long)(long)(long)里(li)第二壯(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)食(shi)肉(rou)(rou)恐龍(long)(long)(long)(long)。同(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)長下的(de)(de)(de)魁(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)有(you)著(zhu)霸(ba)王(wang)(wang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)85-90%的(de)(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)(ti)重，雖然粗壯(zhuang)程度(du)和體(ti)(ti)(ti)重指數還是遜色于霸(ba)王(wang)(wang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)一(yi)些(xie)，但是魁(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)最(zui)(zui)大(da)個(ge)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)粗壯(zhuang)度(du)按比例甚至超過了身體(ti)(ti)(ti)較瘦的(de)(de)(de)霸(ba)王(wang)(wang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)如MOR555。

生活習性

和(he)(he)絕(jue)大(da)多數鯊齒(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)科一(yi)(yi)樣(yang)，魁紂龍(long)(long)(long)(long)也被(bei)(bei)認為是以(yi)中(zhong)到(dao)巨(ju)型(xing)蜥腳(jiao)(jiao)亞目恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)為食(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)，它(ta)(ta)們極(ji)快的(de)(de)撕(si)咬(yao)速度(du)、異常鋒利的(de)(de)牙(ya)齒(chi)、大(da)的(de)(de)咬(yao)合力(li)以(yi)及張合度(du)很(hen)大(da)的(de)(de)嘴巴，很(hen)適合快速和(he)(he)高(gao)(gao)頻率地(di)撕(si)咬(yao)動(dong)作(zuo)緩慢的(de)(de)大(da)型(xing)蜥腳(jiao)(jiao)類恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)，從獵(lie)(lie)物(wu)(wu)身上咬(yao)下皮肉(rou)，并且給獵(lie)(lie)物(wu)(wu)迅速地(di)放血，以(yi)致(zhi)獵(lie)(lie)物(wu)(wu)最終因為傷勢過重倒下。而(er)和(he)(he)它(ta)(ta)們生活(huo)在同一(yi)(yi)地(di)區和(he)(he)時代的(de)(de)中(zhong)型(xing)蜥腳(jiao)(jiao)類恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)丘布(bu)特龍(long)(long)(long)(long)，也被(bei)(bei)研(yan)究認為是它(ta)(ta)們的(de)(de)主要食(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。除此(ci)之(zhi)外，它(ta)(ta)們的(de)(de)近親(qin)高(gao)(gao)棘龍(long)(long)(long)(long)和(he)(he)馬普龍(long)(long)(long)(long)都有直(zhi)接化(hua)(hua)石(shi)證據(ju)，顯示它(ta)(ta)們會采用群居團結(jie)的(de)(de)方式，一(yi)(yi)起(qi)生活(huo)和(he)(he)捕食(shi)(shi)，如同現今非洲的(de)(de)獅子一(yi)(yi)樣(yang)，因此(ci)，魁紂龍(long)(long)(long)(long)也被(bei)(bei)認為很(hen)可能具有群居的(de)(de)習(xi)性，但缺(que)少(shao)直(zhi)接的(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)證據(ju)來(lai)徹底證實這一(yi)(yi)點。和(he)(he)其(qi)他近親(qin)一(yi)(yi)樣(yang)，魁紂龍(long)(long)(long)(long)也被(bei)(bei)認為是以(yi)中(zhong)到(dao)巨(ju)型(xing)蜥腳(jiao)(jiao)亞目恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)為主要食(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)。

前肢研究

魁紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)前肢(zhi)和(he)自(zi)身相(xiang)比，只能算是中等(deng)大(da)(da)小，前肢(zhi)大(da)(da)小和(he)與(yu)自(zi)身比例總體(ti)和(he)近親高棘龍(long)(long)大(da)(da)致相(xiang)當，但(dan)從比例和(he)絕對(dui)值上(shang)來看(kan)(kan)，它(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)前肢(zhi)大(da)(da)小和(he)力(li)量明顯超過了南方巨獸龍(long)(long)和(he)馬普龍(long)(long)，如(ru)果(guo)從絕對(dui)值上(shang)看(kan)(kan)，魁紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)擁有著鯊齒龍(long)(long)科(ke)最大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)前肢(zhi)和(he)爪子(zi)。此(ci)外，科(ke)學(xue)家們(men)認為，魁紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)主要獵食和(he)搏斗，具有著大(da)(da)咬合力(li)的(de)(de)(de)嘴巴(ba)是它(ta)(ta)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)主力(li)武器(qi)，它(ta)(ta)們(men)很(hen)少會(hui)用到前肢(zhi)和(he)爪子(zi)來攻擊敵人，因此(ci)它(ta)(ta)們(men)長(chang)度較長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)頭部使得它(ta)(ta)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)前肢(zhi)位置較為靠后，在獵殺和(he)戰斗時，嘴巴(ba)比前肢(zhi)爪子(zi)更容易先(xian)攻擊到目標。

前肢活動

如同絕大(da)部(bu)分(fen)其他的(de)獸腳類(lei)恐(kong)龍，魁(kui)紂龍的(de)手(shou)掌心無(wu)法接觸(chu)地(di)面(mian)，因(yin)此前(qian)(qian)(qian)肢(zhi)(zhi)沒(mei)有(you)支(zhi)撐身體四足行走的(de)功能，前(qian)(qian)(qian)肢(zhi)(zhi)的(de)主要用途被(bei)認為是在獵(lie)食時用到。MPEF-PV 1156標本的(de)保存下(xia)來的(de)絕大(da)部(bu)分(fen)前(qian)(qian)(qian)肢(zhi)(zhi)骨(gu)骼，有(you)助于研究(jiu)(jiu)魁(kui)紂龍前(qian)(qian)(qian)肢(zhi)(zhi)的(de)功能與活動范圍。一個研究(jiu)(jiu)檢(jian)驗了骨(gu)頭與其相連骨(gu)頭的(de)表(biao)面(mian)，以計算(suan)關(guan)節(jie)能有(you)多(duo)(duo)(duo)少活動范圍，而(er)不會(hui)關(guan)節(jie)脫位。如同許(xu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)現存初(chu)龍類(lei)，許(xu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)手(shou)部(bu)關(guan)節(jie)的(de)骨(gu)頭并(bing)沒(mei)有(you)完全(quan)相吻(wen)合，顯示(shi)這些關(guan)節(jie)有(you)一定的(de)軟(ruan)骨(gu)。這個研究(jiu)(jiu)并(bing)指出當魁(kui)紂龍休(xiu)息時，前(qian)(qian)(qian)肢(zhi)(zhi)會(hui)從(cong)肩膀(bang)下(xia)垂，肱骨(gu)微向(xiang)后擺，手(shou)肘(zhou)彎曲，指爪朝(chao)內。

與(yu)(yu)(yu)人類相比(bi)，魁紂龍的(de)(de)肩膀(bang)的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)動范(fan)圍很小。它們的(de)(de)手臂(bei)無法(fa)做出360°的(de)(de)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)幅(fu)(fu)度(du)(du)，但可(ke)后擺至(zhi)離垂直面約(yue)(yue)109°，所(suo)以(yi)肱(gong)骨(gu)可(ke)以(yi)后擺至(zhi)斜微上方。手臂(bei)可(ke)以(yi)前(qian)轉(zhuan)至(zhi)超過(guo)垂直面約(yue)(yue)25°。手臂(bei)往(wang)(wang)無法(fa)垂直地(di)往(wang)(wang)下擺，但可(ke)外展至(zhi)超于水平面約(yue)(yue)9°。與(yu)(yu)(yu)人類相比(bi)，手肘的(de)(de)活動范(fan)圍也很小，大(da)約(yue)(yue)只有57°的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)動幅(fu)(fu)度(du)(du)。手臂(bei)無法(fa)完(wan)全(quan)地(di)180度(du)(du)伸(shen)直，也無法(fa)大(da)幅(fu)(fu)彎曲，而肱(gong)骨(gu)不能做出90°彎曲。橈骨(gu)與(yu)(yu)(yu)尺骨(gu)互相固定，所(suo)以(yi)無法(fa)如人類的(de)(de)前(qian)臂(bei)，做出往(wang)(wang)內側或外側旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)的(de)(de)動作(zuo)。

每個腕骨之間沒有(you)準確地相(xiang)接合，顯示手(shou)(shou)腕有(you)大量的(de)(de)軟骨，可使(shi)手(shou)(shou)腕堅(jian)韌。當手(shou)(shou)指(zhi)向外扳時(shi)，能幾乎碰觸(chu)到手(shou)(shou)腕。手(shou)(shou)指(zhi)向內(nei)彎曲時(shi)，第(di)一(yi)指(zhi)能與第(di)二指(zhi)平行，第(di)三指(zhi)只能內(nei)彎。第(di)一(yi)指(zhi)的(de)(de)指(zhi)爪最大，而且總(zong)是往內(nei)彎曲。第(di)二指(zhi)爪也(ye)總(zong)是彎曲的(de)(de)，而最小的(de)(de)第(di)三指(zhi)爪則可往內(nei)側、外側擺(bai)動。

除(chu)了(le)計(ji)算(suan)前(qian)(qian)肢(zhi)關(guan)節的(de)(de)活(huo)動(dong)范(fan)圍以(yi)外(wai)，這個(ge)研究(jiu)還提出了(le)魁紂(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)的(de)(de)獵(lie)食(shi)習性假設(she)。它們的(de)(de)前(qian)(qian)肢(zhi)的(de)(de)前(qian)(qian)擺幅(fu)度不大，遠距離(li)時(shi)(shi)無法勾抓(zhua)到(dao)獵(lie)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)背部(bu)(bu)。因此(ci)前(qian)(qian)肢(zhi)無法在與獵(lie)物(wu)(wu)較遠距離(li)時(shi)(shi)派上(shang)用(yong)場，魁紂(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)應當會主要使用(yong)嘴(zui)(zui)部(bu)(bu)來獵(lie)食(shi)。此(ci)外(wai)，前(qian)(qian)肢(zhi)無法先一(yi)步(bu)于嘴(zui)(zui)部(bu)(bu)先碰觸到(dao)獵(lie)物(wu)(wu)，只有(you)當嘴(zui)(zui)部(bu)(bu)咬(yao)住獵(lie)物(wu)(wu)時(shi)(shi)，強壯(zhuang)的(de)(de)前(qian)(qian)肢(zhi)才能將(jiang)獵(lie)物(wu)(wu)拉近(jin)、緊(jin)緊(jin)抓(zhua)住，防止獵(lie)物(wu)(wu)逃脫(tuo)。當獵(lie)物(wu)(wu)企圖逃脫(tuo)時(shi)(shi)，魁紂(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)可(ke)(ke)用(yong)彎(wan)曲的(de)(de)第一(yi)、第二指爪刺住獵(lie)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)身體。手指的(de)(de)大幅(fu)外(wai)扳幅(fu)度是種演化適(shi)應，可(ke)(ke)讓(rang)魁紂(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)不需要冒著手指關(guan)節脫(tuo)臼的(de)(de)風險就能抓(zhua)住掙扎(zha)的(de)(de)獵(lie)物(wu)(wu)。一(yi)旦獵(lie)物(wu)(wu)被緊(jin)抓(zhua)到(dao)身體旁，魁紂(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)便可(ke)(ke)以(yi)用(yong)嘴(zui)(zui)巴對其造成致(zhi)命(ming)的(de)(de)撕(si)咬(yao)傷。

價值及其他

物種學史

2014年5月，在阿根廷丘布特省，發現了(le)保(bao)存很完整(zheng)的(de)(de)巨型蜥(xi)腳(jiao)類恐(kong)龍(long)(long)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)，包(bao)括兩具比(bi)較(jiao)完整(zheng)的(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)和一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些零散(san)的(de)(de)四肢骨骼(ge)和牙(ya)齒(chi)，這(zhe)(zhe)種恐(kong)龍(long)(long)被命名為馬約(yue)氏·巴(ba)(ba)塔哥巨龍(long)(long)Patagotitan mayorum，隨即，幾(ji)乎在同一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)時間，該地(di)區又(you)發現了(le)200多塊(kuai)其(qi)他(ta)古生物(wu)的(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)。據(ju)當(dang)地(di)博物(wu)館古生物(wu)學家何塞·路易斯·卡爾(er)巴(ba)(ba)利多表(biao)示，這(zhe)(zhe)些化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)應屬于(yu)至少(shao)7只(zhi)恐(kong)龍(long)(long)，這(zhe)(zhe)些化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)中(zhong)包(bao)括了(le)55顆鯊齒(chi)龍(long)(long)科(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)牙(ya)齒(chi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)、1顆阿貝(bei)力龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)牙(ya)齒(chi)和1顆馳(chi)龍(long)(long)科(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)牙(ya)齒(chi)。雖然(ran)這(zhe)(zhe)些牙(ya)齒(chi)與魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)發現于(yu)同一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)組，但(dan)該組跨度較(jiao)長(chang)，這(zhe)(zhe)些牙(ya)齒(chi)與魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)不(bu)屬于(yu)同一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)段，這(zhe)(zhe)些牙(ya)齒(chi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)所屬地(di)層(ceng)的(de)(de)年代(dai)被發現為白堊(e)紀(ji)中(zhong)期的(de)(de)森諾(nuo)曼階，魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)牙(ya)齒(chi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)的(de)(de)地(di)層(ceng)被發現屬于(yu)阿爾(er)布階時期。因為時間和魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)并(bing)不(bu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)致，所以這(zhe)(zhe)些牙(ya)齒(chi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)并(bing)不(bu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定是魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)，而是來(lai)自于(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)新(xin)物(wu)種。

名字含義

魁(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)字含義為(wei)，"巨大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)暴(bao)(bao)(bao)君(jun)(jun)(jun)蜥(xi)(xi)蜴"，也可(ke)以(yi)譯為(wei)"暴(bao)(bao)(bao)君(jun)(jun)(jun)泰坦(tan)"或"暴(bao)(bao)(bao)君(jun)(jun)(jun)巨人"，意(yi)指(zhi)其駭人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體型(xing)以(yi)及粗壯厚實(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)恐(kong)怖(bu)外表。而(er)在(zai)(zai)它(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)所(suo)生(sheng)(sheng)存的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時代里(li)，魁(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)無(wu)疑(yi)是(shi)頂級掠食(shi)者和(he)當(dang)之(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)愧的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)霸(ba)主，在(zai)(zai)它(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)所(suo)統治的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)王國里(li)無(wu)疑(yi)是(shi)令所(suo)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)草恐(kong)龍(long)都聞風(feng)喪膽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殘暴(bao)(bao)(bao)君(jun)(jun)(jun)王。除此之(zhi)(zhi)外，在(zai)(zai)它(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)生(sheng)(sheng)活時期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)阿根廷，魁(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)是(shi)它(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)所(suo)處的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領域(yu)里(li)無(wu)可(ke)爭議、至高無(wu)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)霸(ba)王，令所(suo)有食(shi)草的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)恐(kong)龍(long)全都因為(wei)它(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出現和(he)存在(zai)(zai)而(er)感到(dao)恐(kong)懼，在(zai)(zai)屬于它(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時代，根據它(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)強有力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頜骨以(yi)及它(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)至高無(wu)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態位(wei)置，科(ke)(ke)學(xue)家們(men)(men)幾乎一(yi)致認為(wei)，它(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)捕食(shi)過(guo)程和(he)方(fang)式(shi)也一(yi)定相當(dang)地兇(xiong)殘和(he)血(xue)腥，如果是(shi)霸(ba)王龍(long)是(shi)白(bai)堊紀(ji)(ji)末期(qi)北美洲的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)暴(bao)(bao)(bao)君(jun)(jun)(jun)，那么(me)將魁(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)形容為(wei)白(bai)堊紀(ji)(ji)早期(qi)到(dao)中期(qi)南美洲的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)暴(bao)(bao)(bao)君(jun)(jun)(jun)，絲毫不為(wei)過(guo)。在(zai)(zai)科(ke)(ke)學(xue)界被(bei)一(yi)致認為(wei)很(hen)有意(yi)思(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)，魁(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)和(he)著名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)霸(ba)王龍(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)字含義極其相似，霸(ba)王龍(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)字含義為(wei)"暴(bao)(bao)(bao)君(jun)(jun)(jun)蜥(xi)(xi)蜴之(zhi)(zhi)王"，而(er)魁(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)字含義是(shi)"暴(bao)(bao)(bao)君(jun)(jun)(jun)泰坦(tan)"。

化石標本

魁紂龍(long)的(de)(de)正模標本(編(bian)號MPEF-PV 1156)包含:部(bu)分齒骨(gu)(gu)、牙齒、第(di)3到(dao)8個(ge)與(yu)第(di)11到(dao)14個(ge)背椎、脈(mo)弧(hu)、一個(ge)肩胛(jia)喙軟骨(gu)(gu)、肱(gong)骨(gu)(gu)、尺骨(gu)(gu)、部(bu)分腸(chang)骨(gu)(gu)、一個(ge)接近完整的(de)(de)股(gu)骨(gu)(gu)、腓骨(gu)(gu)、以及左(zuo)跖骨(gu)(gu)。長度為12米，體(ti)重(zhong)8噸。

副模(mo)標本(編號MPEF-PV 1157)包含:顴骨(gu)、一(yi)(yi)個(ge)右齒(chi)骨(gu)、牙齒(chi)、寰椎(zhui)(包含髓(sui)突(tu))、第(di)(di)9個(ge)頸(jing)椎(zhui)、背椎(zhui)(第(di)(di)7、第(di)(di)10、第(di)(di)13個(ge))、固定的(de)薦椎(zhui)(總共5個(ge))、肋骨(gu)、右股骨(gu)、一(yi)(yi)個(ge)破碎的(de)左跖(zhi)骨(gu)、以及三(san)個(ge)趾骨(gu)(2-1、2-2、3-3)。體(ti)長12.5米，體(ti)重9.3噸。

魁紂龍的標準特征為:小齒從中脊裂(lie)成(cheng)兩(liang)個部(bu)分、沿著齒骨后(hou)部(bu)表面有個次要溝槽、背部(bu)神經棘有韌(ren)帶嵌入的痕跡。

主要特征:肩胛骨巨(ju)大，體腔很寬(kuan)，身體非常(chang)粗壯和厚實，骨骼構造異(yi)常(chang)寬(kuan)和大，體形(xing)粗壯。

古生物學

魁(kui)紂龍(long)的(de)(de)小齒的(de)(de)中央有可辨認(ren)的(de)(de)齒溝，將每(mei)個小齒分成兩(liang)部分。不像(xiang)已知的(de)(de)其他(ta)鯊齒龍(long)科恐龍(long)，魁(kui)紂龍(long)的(de)(de)薦(jian)椎與尾(wei)椎缺乏空(kong)腔。而魁(kui)紂龍(long)的(de)(de)肩胛喙(hui)軟骨已被固定住(zhu)，并發展得(de)比卡洛琳南(nan)方巨獸龍(long)的(de)(de)還好。

但大部分的肩(jian)胛(jia)骨干部的化石已經缺失。肩(jian)峰(Acromion)與軸干之(zhi)間(jian)大約有90度(du)(du)的彎(wan)曲(qu)，使這個(ge)部位(wei)看起來稍微類(lei)似暴(bao)龍(long)科恐龍(long)。在咬合力和(he)(he)撕咬速(su)度(du)(du)上，由(you)于魁紂龍(long)的頭骨相對較(jiao)小而且身(shen)體(ti)結構較(jiao)原(yuan)始，所以不如南方巨獸龍(long)和(he)(he)馬普(pu)龍(long)。此外，魁紂龍(long)整體(ti)身(shen)體(ti)都呈粗(cu)壯、厚實(shi)、寬大的形(xing)態(tai)，特(te)別是(shi)肩(jian)胛(jia)骨和(he)(he)胸腔(qiang)以及后(hou)肢。

科學分類

在(zai)(zai)2005年發(fa)(fa)現后的(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究中，科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)里亞(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)親(qin)緣(yuan)(yuan)分(fen)(fen)支(zhi)分(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)法研(yan)(yan)究表(biao)明了魁(kui)(kui)(kui)紂龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)屬(shu)于(yu)鯊齒(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，而它(ta)們(men)的(de)(de)同科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)近親(qin)南(nan)方(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)和(he)馬(ma)普(pu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)股骨上的(de)(de)結構物顯(xian)示它(ta)們(men)之(zhi)(zhi)間的(de)(de)血緣(yuan)(yuan)關(guan)(guan)系很接近，而離(li)鯊齒(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)較(jiao)遠一(yi)些。科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)里亞(ya)(ya)與柯爾根(gen)據這層關(guan)(guan)系，提出(chu)一(yi)個(ge)新(xin)的(de)(de)單系群(qun)分(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)，南(nan)方(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)亞(ya)(ya)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)。該(gai)亞(ya)(ya)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)定義為(wei):在(zai)(zai)鯊齒(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)之(zhi)(zhi)中，親(qin)緣(yuan)(yuan)關(guan)(guan)系較(jiao)接近南(nan)方(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)與馬(ma)普(pu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)，而離(li)鯊齒(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)較(jiao)遠的(de)(de)所(suo)有(you)物種(zhong)。魁(kui)(kui)(kui)紂龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)暫時被分(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)于(yu)南(nan)方(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)亞(ya)(ya)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，需要更詳細的(de)(de)敘述才(cai)能做更正確(que)的(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)。經(jing)過2013年的(de)(de)重新(xin)研(yan)(yan)究，特別是對魁(kui)(kui)(kui)紂龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)骨骼的(de)(de)詳細研(yan)(yan)究，發(fa)(fa)現魁(kui)(kui)(kui)紂龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)和(he)南(nan)方(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)以及馬(ma)普(pu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)系更為(wei)接近，而離(li)鯊齒(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)較(jiao)遠一(yi)點(dian)，隨后，科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學界廢(fei)除了南(nan)方(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)亞(ya)(ya)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，建立(li)了南(nan)方(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)族，包括(kuo)了分(fen)(fen)布在(zai)(zai)阿根(gen)廷的(de)(de)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)型(xing)鯊齒(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)亞(ya)(ya)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)恐龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)，將(jiang)南(nan)方(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、馬(ma)普(pu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、魁(kui)(kui)(kui)紂龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)分(fen)(fen)入該(gai)族,并且將(jiang)南(nan)方(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)亞(ya)(ya)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)歸入鯊齒(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)亞(ya)(ya)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(Carcharodontosaurinae)之(zhi)(zhi)中，代(dai)表(biao)著鯊齒(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、馬(ma)普(pu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、南(nan)方(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、魁(kui)(kui)(kui)紂龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)親(qin)緣(yuan)(yuan)十分(fen)(fen)接近，并構成了一(yi)個(ge)血緣(yuan)(yuan)關(guan)(guan)系很接近的(de)(de)演化支(zhi)。根(gen)據魁(kui)(kui)(kui)紂龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)所(suo)表(biao)現出(chu)來的(de)(de)特征(zheng)，古(gu)生物學家認(ren)為(wei)其屬(shu)于(yu)鯊齒(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)-鯊齒(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)亞(ya)(ya)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)-南(nan)方(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)族，其與馬(ma)普(pu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)和(he)南(nan)方(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)有(you)著很近的(de)(de)親(qin)緣(yuan)(yuan)關(guan)(guan)系。