UPS電源系統

UPS電源系(xi)統由4部分組成：整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)、儲能、變(bian)(bian)換和開(kai)關(guan)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)。其(qi)系(xi)統的穩壓功能通常是由整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)器完(wan)成的，整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)器件采用可控(kong)(kong)硅(gui)或(huo)高頻開(kai)關(guan)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)器，本(ben)身具有可根據(ju)外(wai)電的變(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)輸出(chu)幅度的功能，從而當(dang)外(wai)電發生變(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)時(shi)（該(gai)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)應(ying)滿足(zu)系(xi)統要求），輸出(chu)幅度基本(ben)不變(bian)(bian)的整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)電壓。

凈化功(gong)能(neng)(neng)由儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)電池(chi)(chi)來完成(cheng)，由于(yu)整(zheng)流(liu)器對(dui)瞬時脈沖干(gan)擾(rao)不能(neng)(neng)消除，整(zheng)流(liu)后的電壓仍(reng)存在干(gan)擾(rao)脈沖。儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)電池(chi)(chi)除可存儲(chu)直(zhi)流(liu)直(zhi)能(neng)(neng)的功(gong)能(neng)(neng)外，對(dui)整(zheng)流(liu)器來說就像接了一只大容(rong)(rong)(rong)器電容(rong)(rong)(rong)器，其等效電容(rong)(rong)(rong)量的大小，與儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)電池(chi)(chi)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量大小成(cheng)正比。

由于電(dian)容兩端的(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)是不(bu)能(neng)突變的(de)(de)，即利用了電(dian)容器(qi)對(dui)脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)的(de)(de)平滑特(te)性消(xiao)除了脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)干擾，起到(dao)了凈化功能(neng)，也(ye)稱(cheng)對(dui)干擾的(de)(de)屏蔽(bi)。頻率(lv)的(de)(de)穩定則由變換器(qi)來(lai)完成，頻率(lv)穩定度(du)(du)取決于變換器(qi)的(de)(de)振蕩頻率(lv)的(de)(de)穩定程(cheng)度(du)(du)。為方便UPS電(dian)源系統(tong)的(de)(de)日常(chang)操作(zuo)與維護(hu)，設計了系統(tong)工作(zuo)開(kai)關，主機自檢(jian)故障后(hou)的(de)(de)自動(dong)旁路開(kai)關，檢(jian)修(xiu)旁路開(kai)關等開(kai)關控制。

在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓工(gong)作(zuo)正常(chang)時(shi)，給負(fu)載(zai)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，而(er)且，同時(shi)給儲(chu)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；當突發停(ting)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，UPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)開始工(gong)作(zuo)，由(you)儲(chu)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)工(gong)給負(fu)載(zai)所需電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，維持(chi)正常(chang)的生(sheng)(sheng)產；當由(you)于生(sheng)(sheng)產需要(yao)，負(fu)載(zai)嚴重過載(zai)時(shi)，由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓經整流直接給負(fu)載(zai)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

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UPS電源工作原理

1、AC-DC變換：將電(dian)網來的交流電(dian)經自耦變(bian)壓器(qi)降(jiang)壓、全(quan)波整流、濾波變(bian)為直(zhi)流電(dian)壓，供給逆變(bian)電(dian)路。AC-DC輸入有軟啟動電(dian)路，可(ke)避免開(kai)機時對電(dian)網的沖(chong)擊(ji)。

2、DC-AC逆變電路：采(cai)用(yong)大功(gong)率IGBT模塊全(quan)橋逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)電路(lu)(lu)，具(ju)有很大的功(gong)率富(fu)余(yu)量，在輸(shu)出(chu)動態范圍內輸(shu)出(chu)阻抗特(te)別(bie)小，具(ju)有快速響(xiang)應特(te)性。由于(yu)采(cai)用(yong)高頻調制限流技(ji)術(shu)，及快速短路(lu)(lu)保護技(ji)術(shu)，使(shi)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)器無論是供電電壓瞬變(bian)(bian)還是負載沖擊或短路(lu)(lu)，均可(ke)安全(quan)可(ke)靠地工作。

3、控制驅動：控制驅動是(shi)完成(cheng)整機功能控制的核(he)心，它(ta)除(chu)了提供(gong)檢測、保護(hu)、同步以及各種開關和(he)顯示驅動信號(hao)外，還完成(cheng)SPWM正弦脈寬調制的控制，由(you)于采用靜態(tai)和(he)動態(tai)雙重電壓反饋。極大地改善了逆變器(qi)的動態(tai)特性和(he)穩(wen)定性。

UPS電源工作過程

當(dang)市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)正常380Vac時(shi)，直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)主回路有直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，供給DC-AC交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)逆(ni)變器，輸出穩定(ding)的(de)220Vac交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，同時(shi)市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。當(dang)任何(he)時(shi)候市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)欠壓或突然掉電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，則由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組通過隔離二極(ji)管開(kai)關向直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)回路饋送電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能。從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)沒有切換時(shi)間。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池能量即(ji)將耗盡(jin)時(shi)，不間斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源發出聲光報警，并在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)下限點停止逆(ni)變器工(gong)作，長鳴告(gao)警。

不(bu)間(jian)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)源還有過載(zai)保護功(gong)能(neng)，當發生超(chao)載(zai)（150%負(fu)(fu)載(zai)）時，跳到(dao)旁路狀態(tai)，并在(zai)負(fu)(fu)載(zai)正常時自動(dong)返回。當發生嚴(yan)重超(chao)載(zai)（超(chao)過200%額定(ding)負(fu)(fu)載(zai)）時，不(bu)間(jian)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)源立即(ji)(ji)停止逆變器輸出并跳到(dao)旁路狀態(tai)，此時前面空(kong)氣開(kai)(kai)關也可能(neng)跳閘。消除故障后(hou)，只要合上開(kai)(kai)關，重新開(kai)(kai)機即(ji)(ji)開(kai)(kai)始恢復工作。為使不(bu)間(jian)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)源充(chong)分工作，避免在(zai)過載(zai)或(huo)欠(qian)載(zai)下運行，電(dian)(dian)(dian)源在(zai)開(kai)(kai)機前，首先計(ji)算負(fu)(fu)載(zai)容(rong)量。FR-UK型不(bu)間(jian)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)源（標稱(cheng)額定(ding)功(gong)率(lv)）80%的阻性負(fu)(fu)載(zai)設(she)計(ji)負(fu)(fu)載(zai)能(neng)力，一般帶計(ji)算機負(fu)(fu)載(zai)時可承受的按下式估算：

∑i=1 n Pi≤P

其中P為(wei)不間(jian)斷電源輸出容量（VA），P為(wei)第i個負(fu)載(zai)伏安數

每套PLC功率： 220V*0.5=110VA

每臺操作站功率： 220V*2A=440VA

IBM PC客戶機(ji)及服務器：220V*1.5A=330VA

則總功率：10*110VA+4*440VA+11*330VA=6?90VA

6?90VA/0.8=8112VA

因此，在(zai)這條棒材生產線(xian)上，采(cai)用(yong)10KVA的不(bu)間斷電源比(bi)較合(he)適(shi)。