安防監控系統設備包括哪些 安防監控系統的組成部分
安防監控系統設備包括哪些?
以下設(she)備是(shi)(shi)視(shi)頻監(jian)控(kong)系(xi)統(tong)中常用到的,但是(shi)(shi)不是(shi)(shi)都要出現在一個系(xi)統(tong)中,根據(ju)監(jian)控(kong)系(xi)統(tong)的規(gui)模可(ke)能(neng)只采用其中的部(bu)分監(jian)控(kong)設(she)備。
一、前端設備
攝像機(網(wang)絡型(xing)、半球型(xing)、針孔型(xing)、標準槍式、一體化型(xing)、工業(ye)型(xing)等(deng))
攝像機(ji)鏡頭(定焦(jiao)、手動變焦(jiao)、自動光圈、電動變焦(jiao)等(deng))
攝像機(ji)防護罩(普(pu)通(tong)槍(qiang)型(xing)、球型(xing)、半球型(xing)、防水型(xing)、防爆型(xing)、萬能型(xing)等(deng))
攝(she)像機云臺(普通型(xing)、球(qiu)型(xing)內(nei)置(zhi)、重載型(xing)、防水防爆型(xing)、萬(wan)向(xiang)云臺等)
解碼器-------室外、室內、普通、防爆、內置等
紅外燈-------LED型(xing)、惰性氣體、激光等
等等……
二、傳輸設備
普通射頻電纜
控制電纜
電源電纜
光纖收發器
光端機
485信(xin)號轉(zhuan)換器
視頻信號放大器
防雷模塊
等等……
三、控制設備
矩陣(數字、模擬、VGA、RGB、多媒體)
控制鍵盤
控制碼發生器
控制碼轉換器
畫面處理器
PC式錄(lu)像機(ji)
嵌入式錄像機
普通模(mo)擬長延時錄(lu)像機
數(shu)字矩陣(軟件+解碼卡(ka))
時間字符發生器
視頻分配器
視頻放大器
云臺鏡頭控制器
信號轉換器(RS-232轉485)
等等……
四、顯示設備
CRT監視器
液晶監視器
電視墻
硬質背投
普通投影幕
VGA監視器
等等……
五、附屬設備、配件
UPS電源(yuan)
交換機
控制臺
機柜
鍍鋅管
蛇皮管
PVC塑(su)料(liao)管
聚乙烯尼龍管
Q九頭、RJ45頭
開關電源
線卡
PVC線(xian)槽
橋架
安防監控系統組成部分
對于(yu)安(an)防監控系(xi)統,根(gen)據系(xi)統各部分功能(neng)的不(bu)同,我們將整個安(an)防監控系(xi)統劃分為七(qi)層(ceng)(ceng)——表現層(ceng)(ceng)、控制層(ceng)(ceng)、處理層(ceng)(ceng)、傳輸層(ceng)(ceng)、執行層(ceng)(ceng)、支(zhi)撐層(ceng)(ceng)、采集層(ceng)(ceng)。當然,由于(yu)設(she)備(bei)集成化越(yue)來越(yue)高,對于(yu)部分系(xi)統而言,某(mou)些設(she)備(bei)可能(neng)會同時以多個層(ceng)(ceng)的身(shen)份存在于(yu)系(xi)統中。
一、表現層
表(biao)現(xian)城(cheng)是我們(men)最(zui)直(zhi)觀感(gan)受到的,它展現(xian)了整個安防(fang)監(jian)控(kong)系統的品(pin)質。如監(jian)控(kong)電視墻、監(jian)視器、高音(yin)報(bao)(bao)警喇叭、報(bao)(bao)警自動駁接電話等等都屬于這一層。
二、控制層
控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)層是整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)安防(fang)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系統(tong)的(de)(de)核心(xin),它(ta)是系統(tong)科技水平的(de)(de)最明(ming)(ming)確體(ti)現。通(tong)常我們(men)的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方式(shi)有兩種(zhong)——模(mo)(mo)擬控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)數字(zi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。模(mo)(mo)擬控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是早期的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方式(shi),其控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臺通(tong)常由控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器或者模(mo)(mo)擬控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矩陣構成,適用于小(xiao)(xiao)型(xing)局(ju)部(bu)安防(fang)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系統(tong),這種(zhong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方式(shi)成本較低,故障率較小(xiao)(xiao)。但對于中(zhong)大型(xing)安防(fang)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系統(tong)而言,這種(zhong)方式(shi)就(jiu)顯得操作(zuo)復雜(za)且無任何價(jia)格優(you)勢了,這時我們(men)更為(wei)明(ming)(ming)智的(de)(de)選擇應該(gai)是數字(zi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。數字(zi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是將(jiang)工控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計算機(ji)(ji)作(zuo)為(wei)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系統(tong)的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)核心(xin),它(ta)將(jiang)復雜(za)的(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)擬控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)操作(zuo)變為(wei)簡單的(de)(de)鼠標點擊(ji)操作(zuo),將(jiang)巨(ju)大的(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)擬控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器堆疊縮小(xiao)(xiao)為(wei)一個(ge)(ge)工控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計算機(ji)(ji),將(jiang)復雜(za)而數量龐大的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)纜變為(wei)一根串行電(dian)話線。它(ta)將(jiang)中(zhong)遠程監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)變為(wei)事實、為(wei)Internet遠程監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)提供(gong)方便。但數字(zi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也不是那么十全十美,控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)價(jia)格比(bi)較昂貴、模(mo)(mo)塊浪費的(de)(de)情況、系統(tong)可(ke)能出現全線崩潰(kui)的(de)(de)危(wei)機(ji)(ji)、控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)較為(wei)滯(zhi)后等等問題仍然存(cun)在。
三、處理層
處(chu)理(li)層(ceng)或許(xu)該稱為音視(shi)(shi)(shi)頻(pin)(pin)處(chu)理(li)層(ceng),它(ta)將有(you)傳輸層(ceng)送過來的(de)音視(shi)(shi)(shi)頻(pin)(pin)信號(hao)加以分(fen)配、放(fang)大(da)、分(fen)割等(deng)等(deng)處(chu)理(li),有(you)機(ji)的(de)將表現層(ceng)與控制(zhi)層(ceng)加以連接。音視(shi)(shi)(shi)頻(pin)(pin)分(fen)配器(qi)(qi)、音視(shi)(shi)(shi)頻(pin)(pin)放(fang)大(da)器(qi)(qi)、視(shi)(shi)(shi)頻(pin)(pin)分(fen)割器(qi)(qi)、音視(shi)(shi)(shi)頻(pin)(pin)切換(huan)器(qi)(qi)等(deng)等(deng)設備都屬于這一(yi)層(ceng)。
四、傳輸層
傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)層(ceng)相當于安(an)防(fang)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)血脈。在(zai)小型安(an)防(fang)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)中,我(wo)們(men)最常見的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)層(ceng)設備是(shi)(shi)視(shi)頻(pin)線(xian)(xian)、音頻(pin)線(xian)(xian),對于中遠程(cheng)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)而言,我(wo)們(men)常使用的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)射(she)頻(pin)線(xian)(xian)、微(wei)波,對于遠程(cheng)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)而言,我(wo)們(men)通常使用Internet這一(yi)(yi)廉價載(zai)體。值得一(yi)(yi)提的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi),新出現的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)層(ceng)介質(zhi)——網(wang)線(xian)(xian)/光纖。大多數人在(zai)數字(zi)(zi)安(an)防(fang)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)上存(cun)在(zai)一(yi)(yi)個誤區,他們(men)認為控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)層(ceng)使用的(de)(de)(de)數字(zi)(zi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)防(fang)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)就是(shi)(shi)數字(zi)(zi)安(an)防(fang)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)了,其(qi)實不(bu)然。純(chun)數字(zi)(zi)安(an)防(fang)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)介質(zhi)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)是(shi)(shi)網(wang)線(xian)(xian)或光纖。信號從(cong)采集層(ceng)出來時,就已經調制(zhi)成數字(zi)(zi)信號了,數字(zi)(zi)信號在(zai)目前已趨(qu)成熟的(de)(de)(de)網(wang)絡上跑,理論(lun)上是(shi)(shi)無衰(shuai)減的(de)(de)(de),這就保證遠程(cheng)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)圖像的(de)(de)(de)無損失顯示,這是(shi)(shi)模擬傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)無法(fa)比擬的(de)(de)(de)。當然,高性(xing)能的(de)(de)(de)回報也需要(yao)高成本的(de)(de)(de)投入,這是(shi)(shi)純(chun)數字(zi)(zi)安(an)防(fang)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)無法(fa)普及最重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)原因之一(yi)(yi)。
五、執行層
執(zhi)行層(ceng)是(shi)我(wo)們(men)控制(zhi)指(zhi)令(ling)的(de)(de)命(ming)令(ling)對(dui)象,在某些時(shi)候,它和我(wo)們(men)后(hou)面所說的(de)(de)支(zhi)撐(cheng)誠、采(cai)集(ji)層(ceng)不太好(hao)截(jie)然分(fen)開,我(wo)們(men)認為受控對(dui)象即為執(zhi)行層(ceng)設備(bei)。比(bi)如:云臺、鏡(jing)頭、解碼(ma)器、球等等。
六、支撐層
顧名(ming)思義,支(zhi)撐層是用(yong)于后端(duan)設(she)備的(de)支(zhi)撐,保護和支(zhi)撐采(cai)集層、執行(xing)層設(she)備。它包括(kuo)支(zhi)架、防護罩等等輔助設(she)備。
七、采集層
采(cai)集層是整(zheng)個安防監(jian)控(kong)系統品質好壞的(de)關鍵因素,也(ye)是系統成本開(kai)銷最(zui)大(da)的(de)地方。它包(bao)括(kuo)鏡頭(tou)、攝像(xiang)機、報警傳(chuan)感器(qi)等等。