一、水性涂料是什么
水(shui)(shui)(shui)性(xing)油(you)(you)漆就是(shi)(shi)以(yi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)稀釋(shi)劑(ji)、不含有(you)機(ji)溶劑(ji)的(de)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao),凡是(shi)(shi)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)作(zuo)溶劑(ji)或者作(zuo)分散(san)介質的(de)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao),都可稱為水(shui)(shui)(shui)性(xing)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)性(xing)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)包括水(shui)(shui)(shui)溶性(xing)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)稀釋(shi)性(xing)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)分散(san)性(xing)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(乳膠涂(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao))3種。水(shui)(shui)(shui)性(xing)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)有(you)很多優點,比如(ru)無毒并且無刺激氣(qi)味,因(yin)為它只以(yi)清水(shui)(shui)(shui)作(zuo)為稀釋(shi)劑(ji),對人體健康(kang)無害,同(tong)時也不污染環境(jing)。因(yin)為水(shui)(shui)(shui)性(xing)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)不含有(you)害物質所以(yi)不會向空氣(qi)中(zhong)揮發,因(yin)此也就沒(mei)有(you)了易(yi)變黃(huang)等缺陷,更可以(yi)以(yi)保持(chi)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)顏(yan)色的(de)歷久彌(mi)新(xin)。它的(de)儲(chu)存(cun)也很方便,不易(yi)燃(ran),所以(yi)不像油(you)(you)性(xing)漆一(yi)樣需要單獨(du)儲(chu)存(cun)。它的(de)粉刷也非常容易(yi),用刷子沾取水(shui)(shui)(shui)性(xing)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)均勻涂(tu)(tu)(tu)抹在墻壁上的(de)話,不會發生起鼓(gu)現象,非常適(shi)用家庭個人使用。
二、水性涂料有哪些種類
1、水溶(rong)性(xing)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao):這類的水性(xing)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)含有水容性(xing)樹脂(zhi)等其(qi)也(ye)類型的樹脂(zhi)原料(liao),在涂(tu)(tu)刷到(dao)墻(qiang)(qiang)面后那些樹脂(zhi)可以形成膜層保(bao)護墻(qiang)(qiang)壁。水性(xing)漆的出現被業界稱為“第三次涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)革命”就是因為它無敵的環保(bao)性(xing)能。
2、水稀釋性涂(tu)料:主(zhu)要含有乳(ru)化乳(ru)液,以此(ci)來溶解樹脂,在施工(gong)時就直接(jie)加水來稀釋以達到施工(gong)的效(xiao)果(guo)。
3、水分散性(xing)涂(tu)料:主要的原理是以合成的樹脂為主形成乳(ru)液,也就是乳(ru)膠涂(tu)料。
三、水性涂料與溶劑型涂料的區別
1、環保性
水(shui)(shui)性(xing)涂料(liao)(liao)(liao)與溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji)型涂料(liao)(liao)(liao)相比,一個(ge)溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji)是水(shui)(shui),一個(ge)溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji)是有機物,可想而知水(shui)(shui)性(xing)涂料(liao)(liao)(liao)的環保(bao)性(xing)能更佳,可以達(da)到(dao)零甲醛揮發(fa)(fa),而溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji)型涂料(liao)(liao)(liao)在施工過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)會造成(cheng)有機物揮發(fa)(fa),嚴重(zhong)危害(hai)環境和人們的健(jian)康。由此國家大力提(ti)倡環保(bao)事業,水(shui)(shui)性(xing)涂料(liao)(liao)(liao)得到(dao)了快速的發(fa)(fa)展。
2、應用性
水(shui)性涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)要嚴格(ge)控(kong)制施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)環(huan)(huan)境的溫度、濕度和基層含水(shui)率(lv),比如水(shui)性涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)一(yi)般要求(qiu)在5℃以(yi)上(shang)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),溶劑(ji)型(xing)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)在0℃也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong);水(shui)性涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的基層含水(shui)率(lv)應(ying)小于(yu)10%,溶劑(ji)型(xing)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的基層含水(shui)率(lv)應(ying)小于(yu)8%。在一(yi)些條件苛刻的環(huan)(huan)境下,無(wu)法獲(huo)得優(you)質涂(tu)(tu)膜(mo)。而(er)溶劑(ji)型(xing)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)可(ke)以(yi)隨(sui)著(zhu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地點施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)環(huan)(huan)境調整溶劑(ji)的配比,從(cong)而(er)達到一(yi)個理想的涂(tu)(tu)膜(mo)狀態,因為(wei)客觀需(xu)求(qiu)和功能需(xu)要溶劑(ji)型(xing)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)仍然占(zhan)有一(yi)部分市場,所以(yi)從(cong)應(ying)用性來說溶劑(ji)型(xing)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)還是(shi)比較占(zhan)優(you)勢一(yi)些。
3、安全性
水(shui)性涂料以(yi)水(shui)做(zuo)溶劑(ji),消除(chu)了(le)生(sheng)產(chan)過程(cheng)(cheng)施工時(shi)的火災危險性,改善(shan)了(le)作業環(huan)境(jing),在(zai)安全(quan)性上占據優勢。而溶劑(ji)型涂料在(zai)生(sheng)產(chan)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)由(you)于(yu)其含(han)有(you)有(you)機溶劑(ji)中(zhong)的揮發(fa)物質在(zai)生(sheng)產(chan)、儲存(cun),以(yi)及運輸過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)極易造成(cheng)爆炸和火災的發(fa)生(sheng)。所以(yi)從安全(quan)性上來說水(shui)性涂料強于(yu)溶劑(ji)型涂料。
4、物理性能
從涂(tu)(tu)膜的(de)物(wu)理化學(xue)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能上(shang)講,水(shui)(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)的(de)某些(xie)物(wu)理化學(xue)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能不及溶(rong)劑型涂(tu)(tu)料(liao),如(ru)耐化學(xue)品性(xing)(xing)(xing)、耐候性(xing)(xing)(xing)、耐沾污(wu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng)。因此水(shui)(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)的(de)使(shi)用年(nian)限沒有(you)溶(rong)劑型涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)長(chang)。但水(shui)(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)也有(you)一些(xie)高檔次(ci)產品:如(ru)水(shui)(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)硅丙涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)、氟碳涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)等(deng),使(shi)用壽命也可(ke)達到10一15年(nian)左右。
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