【LED臺燈(deng)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)圖】led充(chong)電(dian)(dian)臺燈(deng)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)圖 LED臺燈(deng)工(gong)作原理

一、簡易LED臺燈電路

先找一臺廢棄的熒光管臺燈，除去燈(deng)(deng)管及燈(deng)(deng)座中的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路板;準備兩(liang)(liang)塊敷(fu)銅板，一(yi)塊裝(zhuang)(zhuang)串接(jie)的(de)(de)88只(zhi)發(fa)光管，一(yi)塊裝(zhuang)(zhuang)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)濾(lv)波電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路元件(jian)，尺寸依實際情況而定(ding);采用(yong)(yong)全波倍(bei)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)是(shi)(shi)將交流(liu)(liu)(liu)降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路輸出的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)較(jiao)低的(de)(de)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉換成單向脈動性(xing)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，這就是(shi)(shi)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)過程(cheng)，整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路主要由整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)二極管組成。經過整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路之(zhi)后(hou)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)已(yi)經不是(shi)(shi)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，而是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種含有(you)(you)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和交流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)混合電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，習慣上稱單向脈動性(xing)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。)為發(fa)光管供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(如(ru)附(fu)圖)。兩(liang)(liang)只(zhi)0.68uF電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)既是(shi)(shi)全波倍(bei)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路元件(jian)，又有(you)(you)限流(liu)(liu)(liu)作用(yong)(yong)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)選耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)400V以(yi)上的(de)(de)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻用(yong)(yong)0.25W的(de)(de)。由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路簡單，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路板用(yong)(yong)刀(dao)刻而成，管腳位置鉆Φlmm焊接(jie)孔。

元件(jian)焊好(hao)后(hou)(hou)，先用15kΩ/5W電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻作假負(fu)載，測(ce)試整(zheng)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)路，電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻上(shang)應有(you)280V左右的直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，此時除電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻外，其(qi)他(ta)元件(jian)不應發熱(re)。一(yi)切正常(chang)后(hou)(hou)接人(ren)燈(deng)(deng)板，通電(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)(hou)，88只發光(guang)管應正常(chang)發光(guang)。最后(hou)(hou)，將電(dian)(dian)(dian)源板和燈(deng)(deng)板分別固定(ding)在(zai)底(di)座和燈(deng)(deng)罩上(shang)。該臺燈(deng)(deng)亮(liang)度(du)不及原燈(deng)(deng)，且照(zhao)亮(liang)面(mian)積(ji)偏小，但看(kan)書寫字尚可，點亮(liang)一(yi)段時間(jian)后(hou)(hou)燈(deng)(deng)板溫度(du)升高，但比熒光(guang)燈(deng)(deng)管溫度(du)低得(de)多。測(ce)量負(fu)載回路電(dian)(dian)(dian)流約18mA，燈(deng)(deng)板兩端電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓約280V，計算其(qi)功耗約5W。

制作時要(yao)注意，焊(han)(han)接不得有虛焊(han)(han)，LED要(yao)逐只測(ce)試(shi)且極性不得焊(han)(han)錯;電(dian)源進線要(yao)加(jia)裝電(dian)流小于200mA的保(bao)險(xian)管(guan);斷(duan)電(dian)后電(dian)容元(yuan)件有高壓(ya)要(yao)注意安全;電(dian)路(lu)不可斷(duan)開負載，否則(ze)600V左右的電(dian)壓(ya)可能(neng)損壞元(yuan)件。

二、LED臺燈工作原理

遵循安全第一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)計理念，LED 光(guang)(guang)源(yuan)(yuan)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)光(guang)(guang)器(qi)件，不能用(yong)(yong)100-220V 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)直接點(dian)亮，因此，LED 臺燈方(fang)案設(she)計思路(lu)，首(shou)先(xian)要將(jiang)高壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)變換成(cheng)低(di)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)源(yuan)(yuan)，才能點(dian)亮LED 光(guang)(guang)源(yuan)(yuan)。使用(yong)(yong)最經濟(ji)有效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法降(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)和進(jin)行(xing)交(jiao)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)變換是(shi)(shi)設(she)計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)首(shou)要考(kao)慮(lv)(lv)，今便攜(xie)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)產(chan)品(pin)使用(yong)(yong)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)降(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)變換器(qi)--適(shi)(shi)配器(qi)（Adapter）就成(cheng)了既經濟(ji)實惠、又現(xian)成(cheng)、好用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)首(shou)選(xuan)。適(shi)(shi)配器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)要求穩定在DC12V，輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)要根據(ju)LED 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功率來選(xuan)擇，一(yi)般(ban)要給予30%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)余量，以3X1W 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)白光(guang)(guang)LED 光(guang)(guang)源(yuan)(yuan)為例，1W 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)白光(guang)(guang)LED 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標準(zhun)工作電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)應為350mA，因而3 個LED 光(guang)(guang)源(yuan)(yuan)串聯其電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)需要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)也是(shi)(shi)350mA，考(kao)慮(lv)(lv)到延(yan)長(chang)LED 壽(shou)命和降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)光(guang)(guang)衰，可以設(she)計為300mA--330mA，不會(hui)明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響LED 發(fa)光(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)亮度(du)，所以適(shi)(shi)配器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)應選(xuan)750mA--1A 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。

LED 臺(tai)(tai)(tai)燈一種簡潔實用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)案(an)如圖1 所示。AC220V 經由(you)(you)適配器在燈具(ju)外的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全降壓變換，向LED 臺(tai)(tai)(tai)燈提(ti)供穩定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)12V 直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，在臺(tai)(tai)(tai)燈底座殼內安置恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)板(ban)，將直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)壓變換成穩定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直流(liu)恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)源(yuan)，以(yi)滿足LED 光(guang)源(yuan)發光(guang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)要求。在直流(liu)恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)源(yuan)前可加一電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)，以(yi)便在臺(tai)(tai)(tai)燈不用時(shi)可關(guan)(guan)斷(duan)(duan)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，但不能關(guan)(guan)斷(duan)(duan)220V 交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，因此真的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不用時(shi)應從(cong)墻上取下適配器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)插頭，這(zhe)也是(shi)這(zhe)個(ge)實用方(fang)(fang)案(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)唯一“缺點(dian)(dian)”。如不想采用機械開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)，和想要一個(ge)更有創(chuang)意的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)賣點(dian)(dian)，可選用電(dian)(dian)子觸摸(mo)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)，如手指輕點(dian)(dian)可實現臺(tai)(tai)(tai)燈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)->全亮、半暗、關(guan)(guan)；由(you)(you)于電(dian)(dian)子技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)快(kuai)速進(jin)步，電(dian)(dian)子觸摸(mo)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)如今已是(shi)一個(ge)低成本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)器件。