【LED臺燈電路圖】led充電臺燈電路圖 LED臺燈工作原理

一、簡易LED臺燈電路

先找一臺廢棄的熒光管臺燈，除(chu)去燈(deng)管及燈(deng)座中(zhong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)板;準(zhun)備兩塊(kuai)敷(fu)銅板，一(yi)塊(kuai)裝串接(jie)的(de)(de)88只(zhi)發光(guang)管，一(yi)塊(kuai)裝整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)濾波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)元(yuan)(yuan)件，尺寸(cun)依(yi)實際情況(kuang)而定;采用(yong)(yong)全波(bo)倍壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)是(shi)將交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)輸出的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)較低的(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉換成單(dan)向脈動性直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，這就是(shi)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)過程，整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)主(zhu)要由(you)整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)二極管組(zu)成。經過整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)之后的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)已經不(bu)是(shi)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，而是(shi)一(yi)種含有直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)和交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)混合電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，習慣上(shang)稱單(dan)向脈動性直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。)為(wei)發光(guang)管供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(如附(fu)圖)。兩只(zhi)0.68uF電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)既是(shi)全波(bo)倍壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)元(yuan)(yuan)件，又有限流(liu)(liu)(liu)作用(yong)(yong)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)選耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)400V以上(shang)的(de)(de)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻用(yong)(yong)0.25W的(de)(de)。由(you)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)簡單(dan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)板用(yong)(yong)刀刻而成，管腳位置鉆Φlmm焊接(jie)孔。

元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)焊好后(hou)，先用15kΩ/5W電(dian)(dian)阻作假(jia)負(fu)載，測試整流電(dian)(dian)路，電(dian)(dian)阻上應(ying)(ying)有280V左右的(de)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)壓，此時除電(dian)(dian)阻外，其(qi)他元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)不應(ying)(ying)發(fa)熱。一(yi)(yi)切正常(chang)后(hou)接人(ren)燈(deng)板，通(tong)電(dian)(dian)后(hou)，88只發(fa)光管應(ying)(ying)正常(chang)發(fa)光。最后(hou)，將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)源板和(he)燈(deng)板分(fen)別固定在底座和(he)燈(deng)罩(zhao)上。該臺燈(deng)亮度不及原燈(deng)，且照亮面積偏(pian)小，但看書(shu)寫(xie)字尚可，點亮一(yi)(yi)段(duan)時間(jian)后(hou)燈(deng)板溫度升高(gao)，但比熒光燈(deng)管溫度低(di)得多。測量(liang)負(fu)載回(hui)路電(dian)(dian)流約(yue)(yue)18mA，燈(deng)板兩端電(dian)(dian)壓約(yue)(yue)280V，計算其(qi)功(gong)耗約(yue)(yue)5W。

制作(zuo)時要(yao)注意，焊接不得(de)有虛焊，LED要(yao)逐(zhu)只測試且極性不得(de)焊錯;電(dian)(dian)源進線要(yao)加(jia)裝(zhuang)電(dian)(dian)流小(xiao)于200mA的保險管;斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)后電(dian)(dian)容元(yuan)件有高(gao)壓(ya)要(yao)注意安全;電(dian)(dian)路(lu)不可斷(duan)開負載，否則600V左右的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)可能(neng)損壞元(yuan)件。

二、LED臺燈工作原理

遵循安(an)全第一的(de)(de)民用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)理念，LED 光源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)是(shi)一種(zhong)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓直(zhi)流(liu)恒流(liu)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)發(fa)光器(qi)件，不(bu)能用(yong)(yong)100-220V 的(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)高壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)接點亮，因此，LED 臺(tai)燈方案設(she)(she)計(ji)思路(lu)，首先(xian)要(yao)將高壓的(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)換(huan)成低壓的(de)(de)直(zhi)流(liu)恒流(liu)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，才能點亮LED 光源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。使(shi)用(yong)(yong)最經(jing)濟有效的(de)(de)方法降壓和(he)進行交(jiao)(jiao)直(zhi)流(liu)變(bian)換(huan)是(shi)設(she)(she)計(ji)的(de)(de)首要(yao)考(kao)慮(lv)，今(jin)便攜式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)產品使(shi)用(yong)(yong)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)直(zhi)流(liu)降壓變(bian)換(huan)器(qi)--適配器(qi)（Adapter）就成了(le)既經(jing)濟實(shi)惠、又(you)現成、好用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)首選(xuan)。適配器(qi)的(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓要(yao)求穩(wen)定在(zai)DC12V，輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)要(yao)根據(ju)LED 的(de)(de)光源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)功率來選(xuan)擇，一般要(yao)給予30%的(de)(de)余量，以(yi)3X1W 的(de)(de)白光LED 光源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)例，1W 的(de)(de)白光LED 的(de)(de)標準工作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)應(ying)為(wei)350mA，因而3 個LED 光源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)串(chuan)聯(lian)其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)需(xu)要(yao)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)也是(shi)350mA，考(kao)慮(lv)到延長LED 壽命和(he)降低光衰(shuai)，可(ke)以(yi)設(she)(she)計(ji)為(wei)300mA--330mA，不(bu)會(hui)明顯的(de)(de)影響LED 發(fa)光的(de)(de)亮度，所以(yi)適配器(qi)的(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)應(ying)選(xuan)750mA--1A 的(de)(de)。

LED 臺(tai)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)一種簡(jian)潔實(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)方案(an)如(ru)圖1 所示。AC220V 經(jing)由適(shi)配器在(zai)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)具外(wai)的(de)(de)安(an)(an)全降壓變換，向LED 臺(tai)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)提供穩定的(de)(de)12V 直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，在(zai)臺(tai)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)底(di)座殼內安(an)(an)置恒(heng)流(liu)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)板，將直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)壓變換成穩定的(de)(de)直(zhi)流(liu)恒(heng)流(liu)源(yuan)(yuan)，以滿足LED 光源(yuan)(yuan)發光的(de)(de)技術要求。在(zai)直(zhi)流(liu)恒(heng)流(liu)源(yuan)(yuan)前可加一電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)開關，以便在(zai)臺(tai)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)不用(yong)時(shi)可關斷直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，但不能關斷220V 交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，因此真(zhen)的(de)(de)不用(yong)時(shi)應從(cong)墻上取下適(shi)配器的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)插頭，這(zhe)也是這(zhe)個(ge)實(shi)用(yong)方案(an)的(de)(de)唯一“缺點”。如(ru)不想(xiang)采用(yong)機械開關，和想(xiang)要一個(ge)更(geng)有創意(yi)的(de)(de)賣點，可選用(yong)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)觸摸(mo)開關，如(ru)手指輕點可實(shi)現(xian)臺(tai)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)開->全亮、半暗、關；由于電(dian)(dian)子(zi)技術的(de)(de)快速進步，電(dian)(dian)子(zi)觸摸(mo)開關如(ru)今已是一個(ge)低(di)成本的(de)(de)器件。