一、高空作業安全帶簡介
高空作業安全帶又稱全(quan)(quan)方位安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)帶(dai)或五(wu)點式安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)帶(dai),新國(guo)標GB6095-2009規定材質需使用滌(di)綸及更(geng)高強度(du)的織帶(dai)加工而成的。全(quan)(quan)身式安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)帶(dai)是(shi)高處作業人員(yuan)預(yu)防墜落(luo)傷亡的防護用品。是(shi)由帶(dai)體、安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)配(pei)繩、緩(huan)沖包和金屬配(pei)件(jian)組成,總稱墜落(luo)懸(xuan)掛(gua)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)帶(dai)。
二、高空作業安全帶種類
高空(kong)作(zuo)業安全帶按使用方式分為:圍桿安全帶和懸掛、攀登安全帶兩類。
圍桿(gan)(gan)作業安全帶(dai)適用于電(dian)工(gong)、電(dian)信工(gong)、園林(lin)工(gong)等桿(gan)(gan)上作業。主要品(pin)種有:電(dian)工(gong)圍桿(gan)(gan)帶(dai)單腰(yao)帶(dai)式(shi)、電(dian)工(gong)圍桿(gan)(gan)帶(dai)防(fang)下脫式(shi)、通用Ⅰ型(xing)圍桿(gan)(gan)繩單腰(yao)帶(dai)式(shi)、通用Ⅱ型(xing)圍桿(gan)(gan)繩單腰(yao)帶(dai)式(shi)、電(dian)信工(gong)圍桿(gan)(gan)繩單腰(yao)帶(dai)式(shi)和牛皮(pi)電(dian)工(gong)保(bao)安帶(dai)等。
懸(xuan)(xuan)掛(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)及(ji)攀(pan)登(deng)(deng)作業(ye)(ye)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)適(shi)用(yong)(yong)于建(jian)筑(zhu)、造船、安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)、維修、起重、橋梁、采(cai)石(shi)、礦(kuang)山(shan)、公(gong)路及(ji)鐵路調(diao)車(che)等(deng)高處作業(ye)(ye)。其式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)較多(duo),按結構(gou)分(fen)為單(dan)腰(yao)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、雙(shuang)(shuang)背帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、攀(pan)登(deng)(deng)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三種(zhong)。其中(zhong)單(dan)腰(yao)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有架子工(gong)Ⅰ型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)懸(xuan)(xuan)掛(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)、架子工(gong)Ⅱ型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)懸(xuan)(xuan)掛(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)、鐵路調(diao)車(che)工(gong)懸(xuan)(xuan)掛(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)、電信(xin)工(gong)懸(xuan)(xuan)掛(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)、通(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)Ⅰ型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)懸(xuan)(xuan)掛(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)、通(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)Ⅱ型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)懸(xuan)(xuan)掛(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)自鎖式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)等(deng)六個(ge)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong);雙(shuang)(shuang)背帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有通(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)Ⅰ型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)懸(xuan)(xuan)掛(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)雙(shuang)(shuang)背帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)、通(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)Ⅱ型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)懸(xuan)(xuan)掛(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)雙(shuang)(shuang)背帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)、通(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)Ⅲ型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)懸(xuan)(xuan)掛(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)雙(shuang)(shuang)背帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)、通(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)Ⅳ型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)懸(xuan)(xuan)掛(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)雙(shuang)(shuang)背帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)、全(quan)(quan)(quan)絲繩(sheng)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)等(deng)五(wu)個(ge)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong);攀(pan)登(deng)(deng)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有通(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)Ⅰ型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)攀(pan)登(deng)(deng)活(huo)動(dong)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)、通(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)Ⅱ型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)攀(pan)登(deng)(deng)活(huo)動(dong)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)和(he)通(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)攀(pan)登(deng)(deng)固定式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)三個(ge)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)。
安全帶(dai)(dai)按(an)品種(zhong)系列,采用(yong)漢語拼音字(zi)母,依前、后順(shun)序分(fen)別表示不(bu)(bu)同(tong)工(gong)種(zhong)、不(bu)(bu)同(tong)使用(yong)方法(fa)、不(bu)(bu)同(tong)結(jie)構(gou)。符(fu)號含(han)意如下(xia):D—電工(gong);DX—電信工(gong);J—架子工(gong);L—鐵(tie)路調車工(gong);T—通用(yong)(油漆工(gong)、造(zao)船、機修工(gong)等(deng));W—圍桿(gan)作業(ye):W1—圍桿(gan)帶(dai)(dai)式;W2—圍桿(gan)繩式;X—懸掛作業(ye);P—攀(pan)登作業(ye);Y—單腰帶(dai)(dai)式;F—防下(xia)脫式;B—雙背(bei)帶(dai)(dai)式;S—自鎖式;H—活動式;G—固定式。
符(fu)號組合表(biao)示舉例(li)如(ru)下:
DW1Y——電工圍桿帶單腰帶式。
TPG——通用攀登(deng)固定式。
三、高空作業安全帶的正確使用方法
1、檢(jian)(jian)查安全帶的狀態,看是否符(fu)合使(shi)用條件。在系安全帶之前,需(xu)要(yao)檢(jian)(jian)查安全帶的質(zhi)量,確(que)保能(neng)夠(gou)安全使(shi)用。觀察尼(ni)龍帶是否出現斷(duan)絲和明顯劃痕,金屬掛鉤(gou)處(chu)有無可見裂紋(wen),掛鉤(gou)鎖死裝置是否完好可用等。
2、按(an)正確(que)步驟穿戴安(an)全帶(dai)(dai)。先系(xi)好安(an)全帶(dai)(dai)的(de)胸帶(dai)(dai),然后束緊(jin)(jin)腰帶(dai)(dai),腰扣的(de)組(zu)件必須系(xi)緊(jin)(jin)系(xi)正。最(zui)后系(xi)好安(an)全帶(dai)(dai)的(de)腿(tui)(tui)帶(dai)(dai),系(xi)腿(tui)(tui)帶(dai)(dai)的(de)時候,應當保持在松(song)緊(jin)(jin)適度的(de)狀(zhuang)態(tai)。
3、將安全帶掛(gua)(gua)在適宜的位置。掛(gua)(gua)安全帶的時候,需要(yao)采用高掛(gua)(gua)低用的掛(gua)(gua)法,并防止(zhi)擺動、碰撞,避開尖銳物質,不能(neng)接觸明(ming)火。選好掛(gua)(gua)的地方后,確保將金屬(shu)鎖(suo)扣鎖(suo)死。
4、在(zai)進行高(gao)空作(zuo)業(ye)時,需要將安(an)全帶的鉤和環牢(lao)牢(lao)地掛在(zai)系留點上。安(an)全帶繩(sheng)索不(bu)能打結,也不(bu)能隨(sui)意移動鉤、環,以免(mian)造成危險。
5、使用(yong)完的安(an)全帶需要進(jin)行相應(ying)的檢查,待(dai)確認無誤后,需要將其(qi)進(jin)行適當(dang)的保養,然后貯藏起(qi)來,以(yi)待(dai)下次使用(yong)。
6、安全帶使(shi)(shi)用期(qi)為3-5年(nian)(nian),如果發現異常需要(yao)提前(qian)報廢。在使(shi)(shi)用過程中,每隔半年(nian)(nian)至(zhi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)就(jiu)需要(yao)試(shi)驗一(yi)次(ci),確保操作安全。