光纖光纜(lan)是如何熔接的 光纖光纜(lan)的接法介紹(shao)

一、步驟/方法

1、開(kai)剝(bo)光纜，并(bing)將(jiang)光纜固(gu)定(ding)到接續盒(he)(he)內。注意(yi)不要傷到束管,開(kai)剝(bo)長度取1m左(zuo)右，用衛生紙將(jiang)油膏擦拭干凈,將(jiang)光纜穿(chuan)入接續盒(he)(he),固(gu)定(ding)鋼絲時(shi)一定(ding)要壓(ya)緊,不能有松動。否則,有可能造成光纜打滾折斷纖芯(xin)。

2、分(fen)纖(xian)(xian)將(jiang)光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)穿過熱(re)縮(suo)管。將(jiang)不同束管，不同顏色的光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)分(fen)開，穿過熱(re)縮(suo)管。剝去涂覆(fu)層(ceng)的光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)很(hen)脆弱(ruo)，使(shi)用熱(re)縮(suo)管，可以保(bao)護光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)熔接(jie)頭。

3、打開熔(rong)接(jie)(jie)(jie)機電源，采用(yong)(yong)預置的程式(shi)進行熔(rong)接(jie)(jie)(jie)，并(bing)在使(shi)用(yong)(yong)中和(he)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)后(hou)及時去除熔(rong)接(jie)(jie)(jie)機中的灰塵，特(te)別是(shi)夾具，各鏡面和(he)V型槽內的粉(fen)塵和(he)光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)碎(sui)未。CATV使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)有(you)常(chang)規型單模光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)和(he)色散位移單模光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)，工作波(bo)(bo)長也有(you)1310nm和(he)1550nm兩種。所以，熔(rong)接(jie)(jie)(jie)前要根據(ju)系統使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)和(he)工作波(bo)(bo)長來選擇合適的熔(rong)接(jie)(jie)(jie)程序。如沒(mei)有(you)特(te)殊情(qing)況，一(yi)般都選用(yong)(yong)自動(dong)熔(rong)接(jie)(jie)(jie)程序。

4、制作(zuo)光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)端(duan)面(mian)(mian)。光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)端(duan)面(mian)(mian)制作(zuo)的好壞將直(zhi)接影(ying)響接續質量，所以在熔接前一定要做好合格的端(duan)面(mian)(mian)。用(yong)專(zhuan)用(yong)的剝(bo)線鉗剝(bo)去涂(tu)(tu)覆層，再(zai)用(yong)沾酒精的清(qing)潔棉在裸纖(xian)上擦拭(shi)幾次，用(yong)力要適度(du)，然后用(yong)精密光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)切(qie)割刀切(qie)割光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)，對0.25mm（外(wai)涂(tu)(tu)層）光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)，切(qie)割長(chang)(chang)度(du)為8mm-16mm，對0.9mm（外(wai)涂(tu)(tu)層）光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)，切(qie)割長(chang)(chang)度(du)只(zhi)能是16mm。

5、放置光纖。將光纖放在(zai)(zai)熔接機的V形槽中，小(xiao)心壓(ya)上(shang)光纖壓(ya)板和(he)光纖夾(jia)具，要根據光纖切割長度(du)設(she)置光纖在(zai)(zai)壓(ya)板中的位置，關上(shang)防風罩，即可自動完成熔接，只需(xu)11秒。

6、移出光纖用(yong)加(jia)熱(re)爐加(jia)熱(re)熱(re)縮管(guan)(guan)。打開防(fang)風(feng)罩，把(ba)光纖從(cong)熔(rong)接機上取出，再將熱(re)縮管(guan)(guan)放(fang)在裸纖中(zhong)心，放(fang)到(dao)加(jia)熱(re)爐中(zhong)加(jia)熱(re)。加(jia)熱(re)器可使(shi)用(yong)20mm微型熱(re)縮套管(guan)(guan)和40mm及60mm一般熱(re)縮套管(guan)(guan)，20mm熱(re)縮管(guan)(guan)需40秒，60mm熱(re)縮管(guan)(guan)為85秒。

7、盤(pan)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)固(gu)定。將接(jie)續(xu)好(hao)的(de)(de)光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)盤(pan)到光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)收容盤(pan)上，在盤(pan)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)時，盤(pan)圈的(de)(de)半(ban)徑(jing)越大(da)，弧度越大(da)，整(zheng)個線(xian)路的(de)(de)損耗越小。所以一(yi)定要(yao)(yao)保持一(yi)定的(de)(de)半(ban)徑(jing)，使激光(guang)在纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芯里傳(chuan)輸時，避免產生一(yi)些(xie)不必要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)損耗。 8密封(feng)和掛起(qi)。野外(wai)接(jie)續(xu)盒一(yi)定要(yao)(yao)密封(feng)好(hao)，防止進水(shui)。熔(rong)接(jie)盒進水(shui)后，由于光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)及光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)熔(rong)接(jie)點長期浸泡在水(shui)中，可能會先出(chu)現部分光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)衰減增加。套上不銹鋼掛鉤并掛在吊線(xian)上。至此，光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)熔(rong)接(jie)完成(cheng)。

二、注意事項

1、光纖是(shi)精密脆弱的器件(jian)，在操(cao)作過程中(zhong)要處(chu)(chu)處(chu)(chu)小心(xin)。

2、光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)架設，熔(rong)接(jie)完工(gong)后就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)測試(shi)工(gong)作，使用的(de)(de)儀(yi)(yi)器主(zhu)要是(shi)(shi)(shi)OTDR測試(shi)儀(yi)(yi)，可(ke)以測試(shi)，光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)位置；光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)鏈路的(de)(de)全程損(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)；了解沿光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)長(chang)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)損(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)分布(bu)；光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)接(jie)續(xu)(xu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)接(jie)頭損(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)。為了測試(shi)準確，OTDR測試(shi)儀(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)和(he)(he)寬度(du)(du)要適當選擇(ze)，按照廠方(fang)(fang)給出(chu)的(de)(de)折射率n值的(de)(de)指標(biao)設定。在(zai)判(pan)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，如果光(guang)纜長(chang)度(du)(du)預先(xian)不知道(dao)，可(ke)先(xian)放在(zai)自動OTDR，找出(chu)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)大(da)體地(di)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，然后放在(zai)高級OTDR。將脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)和(he)(he)寬度(du)(du)選擇(ze)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)一點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，但要與(yu)光(guang)纜長(chang)度(du)(du)相對應，盲(mang)區減小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)直(zhi)至與(yu)坐標(biao)線重合(he)，脈(mo)(mo)(mo)寬越(yue)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)越(yue)精確，當然脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖太小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)后曲線顯示出(chu)現噪波(bo)，要恰到好處。再就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)加接(jie)探纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)盤，目的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)為了防止近(jin)處有盲(mang)區不易發覺。關于(yu)判(pan)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，如果斷(duan)(duan)(duan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不在(zai)接(jie)續(xu)(xu)盒處，將就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)近(jin)處接(jie)續(xu)(xu)盒打開(kai)，接(jie)上(shang)OTDR測試(shi)儀(yi)(yi)，測試(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)距離測試(shi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)準確距離，利用光(guang)纜上(shang)的(de)(de)米(mi)標(biao)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)很容易找出(chu)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。利用米(mi)標(biao)查找故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)時(shi),對層絞式光(guang)纜還(huan)有一個絞合(he)率問題,那就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)光(guang)纜的(de)(de)長(chang)度(du)(du)和(he)(he)光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)長(chang)度(du)(du)并不相等,光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)長(chang)度(du)(du)大(da)約是(shi)(shi)(shi)光(guang)纜長(chang)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)1.005倍(bei),利用上(shang)述方(fang)(fang)法可(ke)成(cheng)功(gong)排除多處斷(duan)(duan)(duan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)高損(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。