臺式機電(dian)(dian)源適(shi)配器的(de)詳細參數 電(dian)(dian)腦(nao)外(wai)置電(dian)(dian)源的(de)工作好伴侶(lv)

電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)適(shi)配器（Power adapter）是小(xiao)型便攜(xie)式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)子設備及電(dian)(dian)子電(dian)(dian)器的供(gong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)變(bian)換設備，一般由(you)外殼、電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)變(bian)壓器和(he)整流電(dian)(dian)路組成(cheng)，按其輸(shu)(shu)出類型可(ke)分為(wei)(wei)交流輸(shu)(shu)出型和(he)直流輸(shu)(shu)出型；按連接(jie)方式(shi)(shi)可(ke)分為(wei)(wei)插墻式(shi)(shi)和(he)桌面(mian)式(shi)(shi)。廣泛(fan)配套于電(dian)(dian)話子母機、游戲機、語言復讀機、隨身聽、筆記本電(dian)(dian)腦、蜂窩電(dian)(dian)話等設備中。

一、概述

電(dian)源(yuan)適配器標簽(qian)(2張)如(ru)(ru)圖所示，在電(dian)源(yuan)適配器（下面(mian)稱adapter）的(de)標簽(qian)上面(mian)一(yi)般(ban)會有幾項是(shi)(shi)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)注意(yi)的(de)。第(di)一(yi)，是(shi)(shi)adapter的(de)型號，例如(ru)(ru)這(zhe)(zhe)顆(ke)adapter的(de)型號是(shi)(shi)XVE-120100，它告訴了我(wo)們幾個(ge)信息，就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)它的(de)廠商、主要(yao)(yao)參數等，XVE開頭的(de)一(yi)般(ban)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)##公(gong)司代(dai)號，120100就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)說(shuo)(shuo)明這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)adapter是(shi)(shi)12W的(de)，050200的(de)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)10W的(de)；第(di)二就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)adapter的(de)INPUT（輸入），在中(zhong)國通(tong)用(yong)的(de)一(yi)般(ban)是(shi)(shi)100-240V~50-60Hz，這(zhe)(zhe)說(shuo)(shuo)明這(zhe)(zhe)顆(ke)adapter可(ke)以在100V-240V的(de)電(dian)壓下面(mian)正常工作；第(di)三(san)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)adapter的(de)OUTPUT(輸出)，兩(liang)個(ge)數字(zi)可(ke)以很快速的(de)算出這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)adapter的(de)瓦數，例如(ru)(ru)這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)adapter，電(dian)壓12V*電(dian)流1A=12W（功率），說(shuo)(shuo)明這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)電(dian)源(yuan)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)12W的(de)adapter。

多數筆記本電(dian)(dian)(dian)腦的電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)適配(pei)器可以適合用(yong)于100～240V交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(50/60Hz)。基本上大(da)部份的筆記本電(dian)(dian)(dian)腦都把電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)外置，用(yong)一(yi)條電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)和主(zhu)(zhu)機連接，這樣可以縮小主(zhu)(zhu)機的體積(ji)和重量，只(zhi)有極少數的機型把電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)置在主(zhu)(zhu)機內(nei)。

在(zai)電(dian)源(yuan)適配器上(shang)都有(you)一個(ge)銘(ming)牌，上(shang)面標(biao)示著功率(lv)，輸入(ru)(ru)輸出電(dian)壓和電(dian)流(liu)量等指標(biao)，特別要注意(yi)輸入(ru)(ru)電(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)范圍，這就(jiu)(jiu)是所謂(wei)的(de)(de)(de)“旅行電(dian)源(yuan)適配器”，如(ru)果到市電(dian)電(dian)壓只有(you)110V的(de)(de)(de)國家時，這個(ge)特性就(jiu)(jiu)很(hen)有(you)用了，有(you)些水貨筆記本(ben)電(dian)腦是只在(zai)原(yuan)產地銷(xiao)售的(de)(de)(de)，沒有(you)這種(zhong)兼容(rong)電(dian)壓設計，甚至(zhi)只有(you)110V的(de)(de)(de)單一輸入(ru)(ru)電(dian)壓，在(zai)我國的(de)(de)(de)220V市電(dian)電(dian)壓下插上(shang)就(jiu)(jiu)會燒毀。

二、注意事項

1、電(dian)(dian)源適配器（以(yi)下簡稱(cheng)電(dian)(dian)源）的(de)標稱(cheng)電(dian)(dian)壓和電(dian)(dian)流是什么意(yi)思(si)？首先(xian)，一般(ban)電(dian)(dian)源標稱(cheng)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓，是指開路(lu)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓，也就(jiu)是外面不(bu)接(jie)任何負載，沒有電(dian)(dian)流輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)時候的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓，所以(yi)也可以(yi)理(li)解為，此電(dian)(dian)壓就(jiu)是電(dian)(dian)源輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓的(de)上限。

對于電(dian)(dian)源內(nei)部(bu)使用了主(zhu)動穩壓(ya)的元(yuan)件(jian)的情況下，即使市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)有所波動，其輸(shu)出也(ye)是恒定值，象市(shi)(shi)面上(shang)一般的小(xiao)變壓(ya)器(qi)，比如隨身聽之類配的電(dian)(dian)源，如果市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)波動，該電(dian)(dian)源的輸(shu)出也(ye)不會(hui)隨之波動的。

一般來講普通電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)適配器的(de)(de)真正空載(zai)電(dian)(dian)壓也不(bu)(bu)一定和標(biao)稱電(dian)(dian)壓完全一致，因為電(dian)(dian)子元件(jian)的(de)(de)特(te)性不(bu)(bu)可能完全一致，所以有(you)一定的(de)(de)誤差，誤差越(yue)小，對電(dian)(dian)子元件(jian)的(de)(de)一致性要求越(yue)高，生產的(de)(de)成本就(jiu)高了(le)，所以價格也就(jiu)貴一些了(le)。

另外(wai)，關(guan)于(yu)標稱的(de)電(dian)流值，無論任何電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)都(dou)有一定(ding)的(de)內(nei)阻，因(yin)此當(dang)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)輸出(chu)電(dian)流的(de)時候，會在內(nei)部產生壓降(jiang)(jiang)，導致(zhi)兩件(jian)事情，一個(ge)是產生熱(re)量(liang)，所以(yi)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)會熱(re)，另一個(ge)是導致(zhi)輸出(chu)電(dian)壓降(jiang)(jiang)低，相當(dang)于(yu)內(nei)部消耗。

2、都是(shi)同樣(yang)標稱電壓的電源，輸出電流不(bu)同，能(neng)不(bu)能(neng)用在同一臺本本上？

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)一樣(yang)，輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)不同(tong)(tong)，能不能用在同(tong)(tong)一臺(tai)本(ben)本(ben)上。基本(ben)的原則是(shi)大標(biao)(biao)稱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)可以代替小標(biao)(biao)稱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。估計有(you)人會這樣(yang)想，覺得大標(biao)(biao)稱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)會燒壞本(ben)本(ben)，因為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)大了嘛(ma)。實際(ji)上電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)多大在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)相同(tong)(tong)的情況下取決于(yu)負(fu)載，呵呵，，想想初中的物理就知道了。

當本(ben)本(ben)高負荷(he)運轉的(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)大(da)些，本(ben)本(ben)進入待機的(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)就小些，大(da)標稱電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源有(you)足(zu)夠的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)余(yu)量。反之，有(you)人用56w的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源代替(ti)72w的(de)(de)(de)用起來也沒什么(me)問題，原因是通常電(dian)(dian)(dian)源適配器的(de)(de)(de)設計留有(you)一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)余(yu)量，負載功(gong)率(lv)都(dou)要(yao)(yao)小于電(dian)(dian)(dian)源功(gong)率(lv)，所以(yi)這種(zhong)代替(ti)在一(yi)(yi)般使(shi)用上是可行的(de)(de)(de)，但是剩余(yu)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源功(gong)率(lv)余(yu)量就很(hen)(hen)少(shao)了(le)，一(yi)(yi)旦你的(de)(de)(de)本(ben)本(ben)接了(le)很(hen)(hen)多外設，比如兩塊usb硬(ying)盤，然后cpu全(quan)速運轉，再(zai)有(you)一(yi)(yi)個底座，上面來個光驅全(quan)速讀(du)盤，再(zai)加上同時給電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，估(gu)計就危險(xian)了(le)，要(yao)(yao)隨(sui)時用手摸(mo)摸(mo)你的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源是不是已(yi)經可以(yi)煮雞蛋(dan)了(le)。所以(yi)最好不要(yao)(yao)用小電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源代替(ti)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源。

3、一模一樣的機器，別人的電源溫(wen)溫(wen)的，我的總是很燙(tang)，為什么？

先不(bu)要(yao)懷疑你的(de)電源(yuan)有問題，先看看你的(de)本(ben)本(ben)在干什么(me)，是不(bu)是像上(shang)面說的(de)兩(liang)塊USB硬盤，CPU全(quan)速運轉，硬盤瘋狂(kuang)讀(du)寫，光驅全(quan)速讀(du)盤，同時給電池(chi)充電，大聲(sheng)放(fang)著音樂，屏幕亮(liang)度最大，無線網(wang)卡一直(zhi)在偵測信號(hao)等等，善用電源(yuan)管(guan)理(li)，根據任(ren)務合理(li)調整本(ben)本(ben)的(de)工作(zuo)狀態是很(hen)重要(yao)的(de)。

4、電源標(biao)稱電壓比我(wo)的(de)本本電池電壓高很多，不會出事(shi)吧(ba)？

首先，要知(zhi)道的是，電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)給本本供電(dian)(dian)與電(dian)(dian)池給本本供電(dian)(dian)是不同的。

電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)供電(dian)，電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的輸出是(shi)純直流，干凈(jing)得很，電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的電(dian)壓(ya)既(ji)不可能(neng)(neng)也不需要設計得很高，鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的化(hua)學特性決定了(le)(le)一(yi)節電(dian)芯的輸出電(dian)壓(ya)只能(neng)(neng)在3.6V左右(you)，所以很多電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)都(dou)是(shi)采用三級串聯的方式，10.8V也就成(cheng)了(le)(le)很流行的電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)壓(ya)。有些電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的標稱(cheng)值比3.6V的整數倍(bei)稍大一(yi)些，比如3.7V或(huo)者(zhe)11.2V等等，其實是(shi)為了(le)(le)保護電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，情況就(jiu)復(fu)雜一(yi)些(xie)，首先(xian)需要(yao)對加入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)進行進一(yi)步的(de)(de)穩壓(ya)(ya)濾波(bo)，以(yi)(yi)保證在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)性能不很(hen)好的(de)(de)情況下穩定工作，穩壓(ya)(ya)后的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)分(fen)成(cheng)兩個部(bu)分(fen)，一(yi)路(lu)給本本工作供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，另一(yi)路(lu)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，給本本供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)那(nei)部(bu)分(fen)同電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)時候相同，而給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)那(nei)部(bu)分(fen)需要(yao)通過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)才可以(yi)(yi)加在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)上，控制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)可以(yi)(yi)很(hen)復(fu)雜，所以(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)必須大于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)才有充(chong)(chong)分(fen)的(de)(de)能力供(gong)應給充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)各單元。最后真(zhen)正(zheng)加到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)上的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)決不會是你的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)標稱的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。放心(xin)好了。

用途

開(kai)關電源(yuan)產品(pin)廣泛應用(yong)于工(gong)業(ye)自動化控制、軍工(gong)設(she)備(bei)、科(ke)研設(she)備(bei)、LED照明、工(gong)控設(she)備(bei)、通訊設(she)備(bei)、電力設(she)備(bei)、儀器(qi)儀表、醫療設(she)備(bei)、半導(dao)體制冷制熱、空氣凈化器(qi)，電子(zi)冰箱(xiang)，液晶顯示器(qi)，LED燈具(ju)，通訊設(she)備(bei)，視聽產品(pin)，安防，電腦(nao)機(ji)箱(xiang)，數碼產品(pin)和儀器(qi)類等領域。

電路圖

給出(chu)了電源(yuan)適(shi)(shi)配器(qi)的典型電路(lu)(lu)圖(tu)，需要維修(xiu)電源(yuan)適(shi)(shi)配器(qi)的維修(xiu)人(ren)員可參考(kao)該電路(lu)(lu)圖(tu)。

典型(xing)電源適配(pei)器電路圖。

平面圖

此圖是(shi)標準的電源適配(pei)器平面圖，含(han)配(pei)線圖，出處。