UPS電源故障與維修方法
1、有市電時UPS輸出正常,而無市電時蜂鳴器長鳴,無輸出。
故障分(fen)析:從現(xian)象判斷為蓄電池(chi)和逆變器部分(fen)故障,可按以下程(cheng)序檢查:
檢(jian)查蓄電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓,看蓄電(dian)(dian)池是(shi)(shi)否充電(dian)(dian)不足,若(ruo)蓄電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)不足,則要檢(jian)查是(shi)(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)池本身的故障(zhang)還是(shi)(shi)充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)故障(zhang)。
若蓄(xu)電(dian)池工作(zuo)電(dian)壓正(zheng)常,檢查(cha)逆(ni)變器(qi)驅動(dong)電(dian)路工作(zuo)是否(fou)正(zheng)常,若驅動(dong)電(dian)路輸(shu)出正(zheng)常,說(shuo)明逆(ni)變器(qi)損壞。
若逆變器驅(qu)動電路(lu)工作不正常,則(ze)檢查(cha)波形(xing)產生電路(lu)有(you)無PWM控制信(xin)號輸出,若有(you)控制信(xin)號輸出,說(shuo)明(ming)故障(zhang)在逆變器驅(qu)動電路(lu)。
若(ruo)波形產生電路無PWM控制信(xin)號(hao)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu),則檢查其(qi)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)是否(fou)因保(bao)護電路工作(zuo)而(er)封鎖,若(ruo)有則查明(ming)保(bao)護原因;
若保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)沒有工作且工作電(dian)(dian)壓正常,而波(bo)形產(chan)(chan)生電(dian)(dian)路(lu)無(wu)PWM波(bo)形輸出(chu)則說明波(bo)形產(chan)(chan)生電(dian)(dian)路(lu)損壞。
上述排故順序也可倒過來進行,有(you)時(shi)能更快發(fa)現(xian)故障。
2、蓄電池電壓偏低,但開機充電十多小時,蓄電池電壓仍充不上去。
故障分(fen)析:從現象判斷為蓄電池(chi)或(huo)充電電路故障,可按以下步驟檢查:
檢查充電電路輸(shu)入(ru)輸(shu)出電壓是否正(zheng)常(chang);
若充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)輸入正(zheng)常(chang),輸出不正(zheng)常(chang),斷開蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池 再測(ce),若仍不正(zheng)常(chang)則為充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)故障;
若斷開蓄電(dian)池后充電(dian)電(dian)路輸入、輸出均(jun)正常,則說明蓄電(dian)池已(yi)因長期(qi)未充電(dian)、過放(fang)或已(yi)到壽命(ming)期(qi)等原(yuan)因而損壞。
3、逆變器功率級一對功放晶體管損壞,更換同型號晶體管后,運行一段時間又燒壞。
原(yuan)因是(shi)電流過(guo)大,而引起電流過(guo)大的原(yuan)因有:
過流(liu)保(bao)護失效(xiao)。當逆變器輸(shu)出發(fa)生過電(dian)流(liu)時,過流(liu)保(bao)護電(dian)路不起作用;
脈寬調制(PWM)組件故(gu)障,輸出的兩(liang)路互(hu)補(bu)波形不(bu)對稱,一個(ge)導(dao)(dao)通(tong)時(shi)間(jian)長,而(er)另一個(ge)導(dao)(dao)通(tong)時(shi)間(jian)短,使兩(liang)臂工(gong)作(zuo)不(bu)平衡,甚至兩(liang)臂同(tong)時(shi)導(dao)(dao)通(tong),造成兩(liang)管(guan)損壞(huai);
功率管參(can)數相差較大,此時即使輸(shu)(shu)入對稱(cheng)波形(xing),輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)也會(hui)不(bu)對稱(cheng),該波形(xing)經輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)變(bian)壓器,造(zao)成偏(pian)磁,即磁通不(bu)平衡,積累下(xia)去導致(zhi)變(bian)壓器飽和而電流(liu)驟增,燒壞功率管,而一只燒壞,另一只也隨(sui)之燒壞。
4、UPS開機后,面板上無任何顯示,UPS不工作。
故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)分析:從故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)現象判斷,其故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)在市電輸入、蓄(xu)電池及市電檢測部分及蓄(xu)電池電壓檢測回路(lu):
檢查市電輸入保險絲是否(fou)燒毀;
若市電輸入保(bao)險絲(si)完好,檢查蓄電池(chi)保(bao)險是(shi)否燒毀,因為某些UPS當自檢不到蓄電池(chi)電壓(ya)時,會將UPS的所有輸出及顯示(shi)關閉;
若(ruo)蓄電(dian)(dian)池保險完好,檢查市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)檢測(ce)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)工(gong)作是否正(zheng)常(chang),若(ruo)市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)檢測(ce)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)工(gong)作不(bu)正(zheng)常(chang)且UPS不(bu)具備無市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)啟動功能(neng)時,UPS同(tong)樣會關閉所(suo)有輸(shu)出及(ji)顯示(shi)。
若市檢測電(dian)路工(gong)作正常,再檢查(cha)蓄電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓(ya)檢測電(dian)路是否正常。
5、在接入市電的情況下,每次打開UPS,便聽到繼電器反復的動作聲,UPS面板電池電壓過低指示燈長亮且蜂鳴器長鳴。
根據(ju)上(shang)述(shu)故(gu)障現象可(ke)以判斷:該故(gu)障是(shi)由蓄電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓過低(di),從(cong)而導(dao)致UPS啟(qi)動不成(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)而造成(cheng)(cheng)的。拆下蓄電(dian)池(chi),先(xian)進行(xing)均衡充(chong)電(dian)(所有蓄電(dian)池(chi)并聯進行(xing)充(chong)電(dian)),若仍不成(cheng)(cheng)功(gong),則只有更換蓄電(dian)池(chi)。
6、一臺后備UPS有市電時工作正常,無市電時逆變器有輸出,但輸出電壓偏低,同時變壓器發出較大的噪音。
故障分析:逆變(bian)(bian)器有輸出(chu)說(shuo)明(ming)末級驅(qu)動電(dian)路基本正常,變(bian)(bian)壓器有噪音說(shuo)明(ming)推挽電(dian)路的(de)兩(liang)臂(bei)工作不對稱(cheng),檢(jian)測步(bu)驟(zou)如(ru)下:
檢查(cha)功率是否正常(chang);
若功(gong)率正常,再(zai)檢查(cha)脈寬輸出(chu)電路(lu)輸出(chu)信號是否(fou)正常;
若脈寬輸出(chu)電路輸出(chu)正(zheng)常,再(zai)檢查驅動電路的輸出(chu)是否(fou)正(zheng)常。
7、在市電供電正常時開啟UPS,逆變器工作指示燈閃爍,蜂鳴器發出間斷叫聲,UPS只能工作在逆變狀態,不能轉換到市電工作狀態。
故(gu)障分析:不能進行逆變供電向市電供電轉換(huan),說明逆變供電向市電供電轉換(huan)部分出現了故(gu)障,要重點檢測:
市電輸入保(bao)險(xian)絲是否(fou)損壞;
若市電輸入保險(xian)絲完好,檢查市電整流(liu)濾波電路輸出是否正常(chang);
若市(shi)電(dian)(dian)整流濾波電(dian)(dian)路輸出正(zheng)常(chang),檢查市(shi)電(dian)(dian)檢測電(dian)(dian)路是否(fou)正(zheng)常(chang);
若(ruo)市電(dian)檢測電(dian)路正(zheng)常,再檢查(cha)逆變供電(dian)向市電(dian)供電(dian)轉(zhuan)換控(kong)制(zhi)輸出(chu)是否正(zheng)常。
8、后備式UPS當負載接近滿載時,市電供電正常,而蓄電池供電時蓄電池保險絲熔斷。
故障分析:蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)保險絲熔(rong)斷(duan),說明蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)供電(dian)(dian)流過大,檢測步驟如下:
逆(ni)變(bian)器是(shi)否擊穿;
蓄電(dian)池電(dian)壓是否(fou)過低;
若蓄(xu)電池電壓過低,再(zai)檢測蓄(xu)電池充電電路是否正常;
若蓄電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)正(zheng)常,再檢(jian)測蓄電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓檢(jian)測電(dian)(dian)路(lu)工(gong)作是否正(zheng)常。
9、UPS只能由市電供電而不能轉為逆變供電。
故(gu)(gu)障分(fen)析:不能進行市電(dian)(dian)向逆變供(gong)電(dian)(dian)轉換,說(shuo)明(ming)市電(dian)(dian)向逆變供(gong)電(dian)(dian)轉換部分(fen)出現故(gu)(gu)障,要重點檢測:
蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓(ya)是否過低,蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)保險(xian)絲是否完好(hao);
若蓄電池部分(fen)正常(chang),檢查(cha)蓄電(dian)池電(dian)壓(ya)檢測(ce)電(dian)路是否正常(chang);
若蓄電池電壓檢測電路正常(chang),再檢查市電向(xiang)逆(ni)變供電轉換控制輸出(chu)是否正常(chang)。
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