【化工設備】化工設備有哪些 化工機械設備介紹

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化工機械設備

化工機械設備是化學工業生產中所用的機器和設備的總稱。化工生產中為了將化工原料加工成一(yi)定規(gui)格的成品，往往需要經(jing)過(guo)(guo)原料預處理(li)、化(hua)學反應以及反應產物的分離和(he)精(jing)制(zhi)等一(yi)系(xi)列化(hua)工過(guo)(guo)程，實(shi)現這些過(guo)(guo)程所用的機械，常(chang)常(chang)都(dou)被劃歸為化(hua)工機械。

化工設備有哪些

①化工(gong)機(ji)(ji)器(qi)。指(zhi)主要作用部(bu)件為運動的機(ji)(ji)械(xie)，如各種過濾機(ji)(ji)，破碎(sui)機(ji)(ji)，離心分離機(ji)(ji)、旋轉窯、攪拌(ban)機(ji)(ji)、旋轉干燥機(ji)(ji)以及(ji)流體輸送機(ji)(ji)械(xie)等。

②化(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設(she)(she)備(bei)。指主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)作(zuo)用部件是靜止的或者只有很少運(yun)動的機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)，如各種(zhong)容器(qi)(qi)（槽(cao)、罐、釜等(deng)）、普(pu)通(tong)窯、塔器(qi)(qi)、反(fan)應器(qi)(qi)、換熱器(qi)(qi)、普(pu)通(tong)干(gan)燥(zao)器(qi)(qi)、蒸發(fa)器(qi)(qi)，反(fan)應爐、電(dian)解槽(cao)、結晶設(she)(she)備(bei)、傳質(zhi)設(she)(she)備(bei)、吸附(fu)設(she)(she)備(bei)、流(liu)態化(hua)(hua)(hua)設(she)(she)備(bei)、普(pu)通(tong)分離設(she)(she)備(bei)以及(ji)離子(zi)交換設(she)(she)備(bei)等(deng)。化(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)的劃分是不嚴(yan)格的，一些流(liu)體(ti)輸送機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)（如泵、風機(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)壓(ya)縮機(ji)(ji)(ji)等(deng)）在化(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)部門常被稱作(zuo)化(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)，但同時它們(men)又是各種(zhong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)生產中的通(tong)用機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)。近代化(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)的設(she)(she)計和(he)制(zhi)造，除了依(yi)賴(lai)于機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)和(he)材料(liao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的發(fa)展(zhan)外(wai)，還與化(hua)(hua)(hua)學工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝和(he)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的發(fa)展(zhan)緊(jin)密相關。化(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)研(yan)究機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)的耐腐蝕等(deng)，還有電(dian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學等(deng)范圍。

設備特點

化工(gong)(gong)機械(xie)是(shi)化學工(gong)(gong)廠中必不(bu)可少的(de)生(sheng)產裝備，化工(gong)(gong)機械(xie)有別于(yu)其他機械(xie)的(de)顯著特點是(shi)：

（1）涉及(ji)的能(neng)量形(xing)式多(duo)(duo)種多(duo)(duo)樣，相互間(jian)轉換過程也較復雜，最常見的能(neng)量形(xing)式有熱能(neng)，機械(xie)能(neng)，化(hua)學能(neng)、電磁能(neng)等；

（2）工質(zhi)性(xing)質(zhi)多(duo)變，如其組(zu)成、組(zu)分及其相態的多(duo)變等；

（3）運行工況(kuang)域十分(fen)寬闊，操(cao)作參數特殊，如高低(di)壓、高低(di)轉(zhuan)速、高低(di)溫(wen)、高低(di)粘度等；

（4）具有優良的適應不同化學性質要求的特點。從而構成了化工機械裝備特殊結構的千變萬化。大體上可以分為化工設備和化工機器兩類。化工設備包括各種容器如熱交換器、塔器、反應器等。其主要作用部件一般是靜止的。或者只有很少運動的。化工機械包括離心機、過濾機、破碎機、旋轉窯和旋轉干燥機等。其主要作用部件是經常運動的，如各專用泵、壓縮機、運輸機等。都具有化工機械的特點。