【速度(du)繼電(dian)(dian)器工作原理(li)】速度(du)繼電(dian)(dian)器原理(li)作用有哪些 磁保(bao)持繼電(dian)(dian)器原理(li)

速度繼電器因他的性能，可(ke)以(yi)用(yong)(yong)來(lai)監測船(chuan)(chuan)舶、火車(che)的內燃機(ji)引擎，以(yi)及氣(qi)體、水和風力渦輪機(ji)，還(huan)可(ke)以(yi)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)造紙業(ye)、箔的生產和紡織業(ye)生產上。在船(chuan)(chuan)用(yong)(yong)柴油(you)(you)機(ji)以(yi)及很多柴油(you)(you)發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)組(zu)的應(ying)用(yong)(yong)中(zhong)，速(su)度(du)繼電(dian)(dian)器作為一個二(er)次安全回路(lu)，當緊(jin)急情況產生時，迅速(su)關閉引擎。

速度繼電器的工作原理

它的(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)是一個永久磁(ci)(ci)鐵(tie)，與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機或(huo)機械軸(zhou)連(lian)接，隨(sui)(sui)(sui)著電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)而旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)。轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)與(yu)鼠(shu)籠轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)相(xiang)似，內有短(duan)路(lu)條(tiao)，它也能圍繞著轉(zhuan)(zhuan)軸(zhou)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。當(dang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)隨(sui)(sui)(sui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時，它的(de)磁(ci)(ci)場與(yu)定(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)短(duan)路(lu)條(tiao)相(xiang)切割(ge)，產生(sheng)感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)勢(shi)及感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)流，這與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機的(de)工(gong)作原(yuan)理相(xiang)同，故定(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)隨(sui)(sui)(sui)著轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)而轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)起(qi)來(lai)(lai)。定(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)杠桿，杠桿推動(dong)(dong)(dong)觸點，使之閉(bi)合與(yu)分斷。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)方(fang)向改(gai)變時，繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)與(yu)定(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)的(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)向也改(gai)變，這時定(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)就可以觸動(dong)(dong)(dong)另外(wai)一組觸點，使之分斷與(yu)閉(bi)合。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機停(ting)止時，繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)觸點即恢復原(yuan)來(lai)(lai)的(de)靜止狀態。

速度繼電器在電路中的作用

由于(yu)繼電(dian)(dian)器工(gong)作時是與電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機同軸(zhou)的(de)，不論電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機正轉(zhuan)或反轉(zhuan)，電(dian)(dian)器的(de)兩個常(chang)開觸(chu)點(dian)，就有一個閉合，準備(bei)實行電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機的(de)制(zhi)動(dong)。一旦開始制(zhi)動(dong)時，由控制(zhi)系(xi)統的(de)聯鎖觸(chu)點(dian)和速度繼電(dian)(dian)器的(de)備(bei)用的(de)閉合觸(chu)點(dian)，形成一個電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機相序反接(jie)（俗稱倒(dao)相）電(dian)(dian)路，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機在反接(jie)制(zhi)動(dong)下停車。而(er)當電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機的(de)轉(zhuan)速接(jie)近(jin)零(ling)時，速度繼電(dian)(dian)器的(de)制(zhi)動(dong)常(chang)開觸(chu)點(dian)分斷，從而(er)切斷電(dian)(dian)源，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機制(zhi)動(dong)狀態結束。

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常用的速度繼電器分類

常(chang)用的速度(du)繼電(dian)器(qi)有JY1型和JFZ0型兩種。其中，JY1型可(ke)(ke)在(zai)700～3600r/min范圍內可(ke)(ke)靠地(di)工作(zuo)；JFZO－1型使用于(yu)300～1000r/min；JFZO-2型適用于(yu)1000～3600r/min。他(ta)們具有兩個常(chang)開觸點、兩個常(chang)閉觸點，觸電(dian)額定電(dian)壓(ya)為380V，額定電(dian)流為2A。一般速度(du)繼電(dian)器(qi)的轉軸在(zai)130r/min左右即能動(dong)作(zuo)，在(zai)100r/min時觸頭即能恢復到正常(chang)位置。可(ke)(ke)以(yi)通過螺釘的調節來改(gai)變速度(du)繼電(dian)器(qi)動(dong)作(zuo)的轉速，以(yi)適應控制電(dian)路的要求。

磁保持繼電器原理

動作原理：磁保持繼電器其觸點(dian)開(kai)(kai)、合狀態平時由永(yong)久磁(ci)(ci)鐵所產生的磁(ci)(ci)力所保持。當繼電器(qi)的觸點(dian)需要(yao)開(kai)(kai)或合狀態時，只(zhi)需要(yao)用正（反）直流脈沖(chong)電壓激勵線圈，繼電器(qi)在瞬間就完成了開(kai)(kai)與合的狀態轉換。通常觸點(dian)處于(yu)保持狀態時，線圈不(bu)需要(yao)繼續通電，僅靠永(yong)久磁(ci)(ci)鐵的磁(ci)(ci)力就能維持繼電器(qi)的狀態不(bu)變(bian)。

動作過程：當繼電器的(de)觸點需(xu)要(yao)置位(wei)時，只需(xu)要(yao)用正直流脈沖電壓激勵線圈J2，線圈J2勵磁后(hou)產(chan)生的(de)磁極與永磁鐵的(de)磁極相(xiang)(xiang)互作用，同極性相(xiang)(xiang)互排斥，異極性相(xiang)(xiang)互吸(xi)引，使得繼電器(qi)在瞬間就完成了復(fu)位(wei)到置位(wei)的(de)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態轉換(huan)。示意圖(tu)1-4演示了具體(ti)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態轉換(huan)過程。磁保持(chi)繼電器(qi)由置位(wei)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態轉換(huan)為復(fu)位(wei)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態的(de)過程同理。