觸控屏是什么意思

觸控(kong)屏(ping)實際上就是一種感應式液晶顯示(shi)裝置，用手(shou)指或其(qi)他物體觸控(kong)安裝在顯示(shi)器前(qian)端的(de)觸控(kong)屏(ping)時，所觸控(kong)的(de)位置(以坐標形式)由觸控(kong)屏(ping)控(kong)制(zhi)器檢測，并通(tong)過接口(kou)(kou)(如RS-232串行口(kou)(kou))送到CPU，從(cong)而確定輸入電腦的(de)信(xin)息。

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從技術(shu)原理(li)角度來講，觸(chu)控屏(ping)是一套(tao)透(tou)明(ming)的絕對(dui)坐標定位系(xi)統，首先它(ta)必須(xu)(xu)保證是透(tou)明(ming)的，因此它(ta)必須(xu)(xu)通(tong)過材料科技來解決(jue)透(tou)明(ming)問題，像(xiang)數字化儀、寫字板(ban)、電梯開關，它(ta)們都(dou)不是觸(chu)控屏(ping)。其次(ci)它(ta)是絕對(dui)坐標，手(shou)指(zhi)(zhi)控哪就是哪，不需要第(di)二個動(dong)作(zuo)，不像(xiang)鼠標，是相(xiang)對(dui)定位的一套(tao)系(xi)統。再其次(ci)就是能檢(jian)測(ce)手(shou)指(zhi)(zhi)的觸(chu)控動(dong)作(zuo)并且(qie)判(pan)斷手(shou)指(zhi)(zhi)位置(zhi)，各類(lei)觸(chu)控屏(ping)技術(shu)就是圍繞“檢(jian)測(ce)手(shou)指(zhi)(zhi)觸(chu)控”而設(she)計(ji)的。

電腦觸控屏有哪些分類

1．電阻觸控屏

電(dian)阻觸控屏的屏體部分是(shi)一塊與顯(xian)示器(qi)表(biao)面相匹配(pei)的多層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)復(fu)合薄(bo)膜，由一層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)玻璃或有(you)(you)機玻璃作為基層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，表(biao)面涂有(you)(you)一層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)透(tou)(tou)明(ming)的導(dao)電(dian)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，上面再蓋有(you)(you)一層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)外表(biao)面硬化處理、光滑防刮的塑料層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，它的內(nei)表(biao)面也涂有(you)(you)一層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)透(tou)(tou)明(ming)導(dao)電(dian)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，在兩層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)導(dao)電(dian)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)之間有(you)(you)許多細小(xiao)(小(xiao)于千分之一英寸)的透(tou)(tou)明(ming)隔離(li)點把它們隔開絕緣。

當手指觸(chu)控屏(ping)幕時，平常相互絕緣(yuan)的(de)(de)兩層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)導(dao)電層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)就在觸(chu)控點位置(zhi)有(you)了一個(ge)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)，因其中一面導(dao)電層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)接(jie)(jie)通Y軸(zhou)方向(xiang)的(de)(de)5V均勻電壓場(chang)，使得偵測(ce)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)電壓由零(ling)變為(wei)非零(ling)，這種接(jie)(jie)通狀態(tai)被控制器偵測(ce)到(dao)后，進行A／D轉換，并(bing)將得到(dao)的(de)(de)電壓值與(yu)5V相比即可(ke)得到(dao)觸(chu)控點的(de)(de)Y軸(zhou)坐(zuo)標(biao)，同理(li)得出X軸(zhou)的(de)(de)坐(zuo)標(biao)，這就是所(suo)有(you)電阻技術觸(chu)控屏(ping)共同的(de)(de)最基(ji)本原(yuan)理(li)。

電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)觸(chu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)屏(ping)是(shi)一種對外(wai)界(jie)完全隔離的(de)工作(zuo)環境(jing)，不怕灰塵和水汽(qi)，它可(ke)以(yi)用(yong)(yong)任何物體來(lai)(lai)觸(chu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)，可(ke)以(yi)用(yong)(yong)來(lai)(lai)寫字畫畫，比較適合工業(ye)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制領域及(ji)辦(ban)公室內有(you)限人的(de)使用(yong)(yong)。電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)觸(chu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)屏(ping)共同(tong)的(de)缺(que)點是(shi)因(yin)為復合薄膜(mo)的(de)外(wai)層采用(yong)(yong)塑膠材料，不知道的(de)人太用(yong)(yong)力或使用(yong)(yong)銳器觸(chu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)可(ke)能(neng)劃傷整個(ge)觸(chu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)屏(ping)而導(dao)(dao)致報廢。不過，在限度之內，劃傷只(zhi)會傷及(ji)外(wai)導(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)層，外(wai)導(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)層的(de)劃傷對于五線電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)觸(chu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)屏(ping)來(lai)(lai)說沒有(you)關系，而對四線電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)觸(chu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)屏(ping)來(lai)(lai)說是(shi)致命的(de)

2．紅外線觸控屏

紅(hong)外(wai)線(xian)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)控(kong)(kong)屏安裝簡單，只需在(zai)(zai)顯示器上加(jia)(jia)上光(guang)(guang)點(dian)(dian)距架框(kuang)，無需在(zai)(zai)屏幕表(biao)面加(jia)(jia)上涂(tu)層或接駁控(kong)(kong)制器。光(guang)(guang)點(dian)(dian)距架框(kuang)的(de)(de)四邊排列了紅(hong)外(wai)線(xian)發射管及接收管，在(zai)(zai)屏幕表(biao)面形(xing)成一個紅(hong)外(wai)線(xian)網。用戶以手(shou)指觸(chu)(chu)(chu)控(kong)(kong)屏幕某一點(dian)(dian)，便(bian)會擋住經(jing)過該(gai)位置(zhi)的(de)(de)橫(heng)豎兩條紅(hong)外(wai)線(xian)，電(dian)腦便(bian)可(ke)即時算出觸(chu)(chu)(chu)控(kong)(kong)點(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)位置(zhi)。任何觸(chu)(chu)(chu)控(kong)(kong)物體都可(ke)改變觸(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)上的(de)(de)紅(hong)外(wai)線(xian)，而實現觸(chu)(chu)(chu)控(kong)(kong)屏操作。

紅(hong)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)線(xian)(xian)式(shi)(shi)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)控(kong)屏(ping)(ping)價格便宜、安裝(zhuang)容易、能(neng)較好地感(gan)應(ying)輕微觸(chu)(chu)(chu)控(kong)與快速(su)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)控(kong)。但是由于紅(hong)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)線(xian)(xian)式(shi)(shi)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)控(kong)屏(ping)(ping)依靠紅(hong)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)線(xian)(xian)感(gan)應(ying)動作，外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)界光線(xian)(xian)變化，如(ru)陽光、室內(nei)射(she)燈等均會影響(xiang)其(qi)準確(que)度。而且紅(hong)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)線(xian)(xian)式(shi)(shi)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)控(kong)屏(ping)(ping)不(bu)防水和(he)怕污垢，任何(he)細小(xiao)的外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)來物(wu)都會引(yin)起誤差(cha)，影響(xiang)其(qi)性能(neng)，不(bu)適(shi)宜置于戶(hu)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)和(he)公共場所使(shi)用。

3．電容式觸控屏

電容式(shi)觸控(kong)屏(ping)的構造主(zhu)要是在玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃屏(ping)幕上(shang)鍍一(yi)層(ceng)透明(ming)的薄(bo)膜體(ti)層(ceng)，再在導體(ti)層(ceng)外上(shang)一(yi)塊保(bao)護玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃，雙玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃設計能徹(che)底保(bao)護導體(ti)層(ceng)及感應器。

此外(wai)，在附加的(de)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)控(kong)屏(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)四邊均鍍上狹(xia)長的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)，在導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)內形成(cheng)一個(ge)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場。用戶觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)控(kong)屏(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)幕時，由于(yu)人體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場、手指與導(dao)體(ti)層間會形成(cheng)一個(ge)耦(ou)合電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)，四邊電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)發出(chu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)會流(liu)向觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)，而(er)其強弱與手指及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)的(de)距(ju)離成(cheng)正比(bi)(bi)，位(wei)于(yu)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)控(kong)屏(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)幕后的(de)控(kong)制器便會計算(suan)(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)比(bi)(bi)例及強弱，準(zhun)確算(suan)(suan)出(chu)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)控(kong)點(dian)的(de)位(wei)置。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)控(kong)屏(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)的(de)雙玻璃不但能(neng)保護導(dao)體(ti)及感應器，更有效地防止外(wai)在環(huan)境因(yin)素給(gei)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)控(kong)屏(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)造成(cheng)影響，就算(suan)(suan)屏(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)幕沾有污穢、塵(chen)埃或油漬，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)式觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)控(kong)屏(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)依然能(neng)準(zhun)確算(suan)(suan)出(chu)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)控(kong)位(wei)置。

4．表面聲波觸控屏

表面(mian)聲(sheng)波觸(chu)控屏(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)觸(chu)控屏(ping)(ping)部分可以是(shi)一塊平面(mian)、球(qiu)面(mian)或(huo)是(shi)柱面(mian)的(de)(de)玻璃(li)平板，安裝在(zai)CRT、LED、LCD或(huo)是(shi)等(deng)離(li)子顯示器(qi)屏(ping)(ping)幕的(de)(de)前面(mian)。這塊玻璃(li)平板只是(shi)一塊純(chun)粹的(de)(de)強化玻璃(li)，區別于別類觸(chu)控屏(ping)(ping)技(ji)術是(shi)沒有(you)(you)任何貼膜(mo)和覆蓋層。玻璃(li)屏(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)左上角和右下角各固定了豎直和水(shui)平方向的(de)(de)超聲(sheng)波發射換能器(qi)，右上角則固定了兩個(ge)相應的(de)(de)超聲(sheng)波接收換能器(qi)。玻璃(li)屏(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)四(si)個(ge)周邊則刻(ke)有(you)(you)45度角由疏到密(mi)間隔非常精密(mi)的(de)(de)反射條紋。

表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)聲(sheng)波觸控屏(ping)一(yi)個特點是抗(kang)(kang)暴，因(yin)為(wei)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)聲(sheng)波觸控屏(ping)的(de)工作(zuo)面(mian)(mian)是一(yi)層看(kan)不見、打(da)不壞的(de)聲(sheng)波能量，觸控屏(ping)的(de)基層玻璃沒有任(ren)何夾(jia)層和結構應力（表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)聲(sheng)波觸控屏(ping)可(ke)以發(fa)展(zhan)到直接(jie)做在CRT表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)從而沒有任(ren)何"屏(ping)幕"），因(yin)此非常抗(kang)(kang)暴力使(shi)用，適合公共場(chang)所。

表(biao)面(mian)聲波第二個特(te)點反應速度快(kuai)，是所有(you)觸(chu)控屏中反應速度最快(kuai)的，使用時感(gan)覺很順暢。表(biao)面(mian)聲波第三個特(te)點是性(xing)能(neng)穩(wen)定(ding)，因(yin)為表(biao)面(mian)聲波技術原理穩(wen)定(ding)，而表(biao)面(mian)聲波觸(chu)控屏的控制器靠測量衰減時刻在時間軸上的位(wei)置來計(ji)算觸(chu)控位(wei)置，所以表(biao)面(mian)聲波觸(chu)控屏非常穩(wen)定(ding)，精度也非常高(gao)。