直流穩壓三大作用

直流穩壓(ya)(ya)器一般用(yong)于在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中，由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源穩壓(ya)(ya)設備、濾(lv)波電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路、穩壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路等重要(yao)部分組成，其組成部件的作用(yong)如下：

1、電源穩壓設備

電源穩壓設備的(de)作用是將交流220V的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)變(bian)為(wei)所需的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值，然后通樣(yang)的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)還隨(sui)電(dian)網電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)波動、負載何溫度的(de)變(bian)化而變(bian)化。

2、濾波電路

濾波(bo)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)用(yong)于(yu)濾去輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓中(zhong)的紋波(bo)，一般由電(dian)(dian)抗(kang)元件組成。由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)抗(kang)元件在(zai)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)有(you)儲能(neng)(neng)作用(yong)，sd6_1we并(bing)聯的電(dian)(dian)容C在(zai)電(dian)(dian)源供給的電(dian)(dian)壓升高時(shi)，能(neng)(neng)把部分能(neng)(neng)量存儲起來，而當電(dian)(dian)壓降低時(shi)，就能(neng)(neng)把能(neng)(neng)量釋放(fang)出(chu)來，使負載電(dian)(dian)壓比較平滑，即(ji)C具有(you)平波(bo)作用(yong)

3、穩壓電路

穩壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)路的作用是當(dang)電(dian)網電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)波動、負載(zai)何(he)溫(wen)度變化時(shi)，維持輸出直流電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)穩定。

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直流穩壓電源的種類

根據應用需求(qiu)的不(bu)同，直(zhi)流穩(wen)壓電源分為(wei)各類特性不(bu)同的電源產品。

系統直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)主要(yao)針對(dui)(dui)低壓用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)計，通常功能簡單，輸(shu)出(chu)功率大(da)，輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流比(bi)較(jiao)大(da)（從幾(ji)(ji)安培到幾(ji)(ji)十(shi)安培），能為多個用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，滿足較(jiao)大(da)功耗的(de)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負荷。能長期(qi)連續(xu)工(gong)作(zuo)、工(gong)作(zuo)穩定是(shi)這類(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)設(she)計的(de)重(zhong)點，輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)漂移(yi)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓調節精細度則(ze)不是(shi)重(zhong)點。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)一些專用(yong)的(de)基礎型(xing)(xing)系統電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)往往是(shi)固(gu)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓型(xing)(xing)的(de)，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)操(cao)作(zuo)面板(ban)上并不提供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓調節功能，甚至有的(de)專用(yong)系統電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)不提供監控輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)表，業余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)臺愛好者(zhe)使用(yong)最多的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)臺電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)就屬(shu)于(yu)此類(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)。

有的(de)產(chan)品為了(le)迎合(he)用戶的(de)口味，都在基礎型電源(yuan)(yuan)上(shang)添加了(le)電壓表和(he)電流表，使得電源(yuan)(yuan)看(kan)上(shang)去更高(gao)科技一些，同時(shi)也(ye)方便(bian)監(jian)視(shi)電源(yuan)(yuan)輸(shu)出(chu)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)況。對于一些高(gao)端的(de)系(xi)統電源(yuan)(yuan)，使用了(le)單片(pian)機控制和(he)液晶狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態顯示(shi)，設置電壓可以通過(guo)鍵盤(pan)數字化(hua)輸(shu)入(ru)，有些功能和(he)指標幾乎趕上(shang)可編(bian)程(cheng)電源(yuan)(yuan)了(le)。

1、固定電壓直流穩壓電源

輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)可(ke)(ke)調是可(ke)(ke)調直流(liu)穩壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)最(zui)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)特點。由(you)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)可(ke)(ke)調，適用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)范圍(wei)就(jiu)更(geng)廣了(le)(le)，廣泛應(ying)用(yong)(yong)在實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室和維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)場(chang)合，所以也被(bei)稱為“維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)”、“實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)”。實(shi)際中，用(yong)(yong)于(yu)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室和維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)會(hui)增加(jia)更(geng)多附加(jia)實(shi)用(yong)(yong)功(gong)能(neng)，如可(ke)(ke)調限流(liu)功(gong)能(neng)、跟蹤功(gong)能(neng)等。限流(liu)功(gong)能(neng)比較實(shi)用(yong)(yong)，它可(ke)(ke)以設定穩壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)輸(shu)出(chu)的(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)輸(shu)出(chu)超過(guo)設定值(zhi)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)會(hui)下跌(die)，但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)不會(hui)繼續增加(jia)，類似(si)進(jin)入恒流(liu)模式。有(you)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)提供(gong)過(guo)流(liu)保護(hu)功(gong)能(neng)，一旦(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)超過(guo)預定值(zhi)就(jiu)進(jin)入保護(hu)狀(zhuang)態，切斷(duan)輸(shu)出(chu)，需要重新啟動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)才(cai)能(neng)恢復輸(shu)出(chu)。在實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)和維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)中，由(you)于(yu)誤操作或者(zhe)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路故(gu)障，導(dao)致短路時(shi)有(you)發生，利(li)用(yong)(yong)限流(liu)功(gong)能(neng)既保護(hu)了(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)自(zi)身的(de)(de)安全，也保護(hu)了(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路上的(de)(de)元器(qi)件，使它們不會(hui)受(shou)到大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)沖(chong)擊。一般市(shi)場(chang)上常見的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)調直流(liu)穩壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)都不大(da)(da)，輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)在1～3A，可(ke)(ke)以滿足(zu)普通數碼產(chan)品(pin)和移(yi)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)類通信產(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)和實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)需要。

2、可調直流穩壓電源

多(duo)路(lu)可調(diao)直流穩壓(ya)(ya)電源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)是(shi)可調(diao)穩壓(ya)(ya)電源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的一(yi)種(zhong)，其特(te)點(dian)是(shi)一(yi)臺電源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)提供兩路(lu)甚至三四路(lu)可以獨立設(she)定(ding)電壓(ya)(ya)的輸(shu)出(chu)，基本上可以看成幾臺單路(lu)輸(shu)出(chu)的電源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)合(he)并使用(yong)，適(shi)用(yong)于需要多(duo)種(zhong)電壓(ya)(ya)供電的場合(he)。高級一(yi)點(dian)的多(duo)路(lu)電源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)還具有電壓(ya)(ya)跟蹤(zong)功能(neng)，使幾路(lu)輸(shu)出(chu)能(neng)聯(lian)動調(diao)節。

3、多路直流穩壓電源

精(jing)(jing)(jing)密可(ke)(ke)調(diao)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)穩壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)是(shi)可(ke)(ke)調(diao)穩壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的一種，其特點是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)調(diao)節(jie)(jie)分辨(bian)率(lv)高(gao)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)設定精(jing)(jing)(jing)度優(you)于(yu)0.01V。為(wei)了精(jing)(jing)(jing)確(que)顯示(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，目前主(zhu)流(liu)(liu)的精(jing)(jing)(jing)密電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)都采(cai)用(yong)多位數(shu)(shu)字表指示(shi)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和(he)限(xian)流(liu)(liu)精(jing)(jing)(jing)密調(diao)節(jie)(jie)機構的解決(jue)(jue)方案(an)不(bu)同，低成(cheng)本(ben)的解決(jue)(jue)方案(an)采(cai)用(yong)粗調(diao)和(he)細調(diao)兩個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位器，標準解決(jue)(jue)方案(an)則采(cai)用(yong)多圈(quan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位器，高(gao)檔電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)則采(cai)用(yong)單(dan)片(pian)(pian)機控制(zhi)的數(shu)(shu)字化設定。采(cai)用(yong)單(dan)片(pian)(pian)機控制(zhi)的穩壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)也被稱為(wei)數(shu)(shu)控電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，通過數(shu)(shu)控方式更容易實現精(jing)(jing)(jing)密調(diao)節(jie)(jie)與設定。精(jing)(jing)(jing)密穩壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內部(bu)線路也比較(jiao)先(xian)進(jin)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)穩定性也比較(jiao)好自身(shen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)漂移小，通常適用(yong)于(yu)精(jing)(jing)(jing)密實驗場合。精(jing)(jing)(jing)密直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)穩壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)是(shi)國內的稱呼(hu)國外進(jin)口電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)基本(ben)沒有標稱精(jing)(jing)(jing)密電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，只有高(gao)分辨(bian)率(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)可(ke)(ke)編程電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。

4、高分辨率數控電源

可(ke)(ke)編程電源(yuan)(yuan)是用(yong)單(dan)片(pian)機以(yi)數字化形式控制的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)調穩(wen)壓電源(yuan)(yuan)，其設(she)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)參數可(ke)(ke)以(yi)存(cun)儲起來供日后調用(yong)。可(ke)(ke)編程電源(yuan)(yuan)設(she)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)參數比較多，包括(kuo)基本的(de)(de)電壓設(she)定(ding)(ding)、功率(lv)限制設(she)定(ding)(ding)、過(guo)流設(she)定(ding)(ding)以(yi)及(ji)擴展的(de)(de)過(guo)壓設(she)定(ding)(ding)等信息(xi)。通(tong)(tong)常可(ke)(ke)編程電源(yuan)(yuan)具有(you)較高的(de)(de)設(she)定(ding)(ding)分辨(bian)率(lv)，電壓和電流參數的(de)(de)設(she)定(ding)(ding)都可(ke)(ke)以(yi)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)數字鍵盤輸入。中高檔的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)編程電源(yuan)(yuan)自身(shen)電壓漂移(yi)也很小，多用(yong)于科研場合。

5、可編程電源

標準電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓參考源是(shi)一種特殊的穩(wen)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)源，其作用和內(nei)部線路與(yu)普通的供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)型穩(wen)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)源不(bu)同，用于提供(gong)(gong)作為(wei)參考標準的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓信號，以(yi)校準各類電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓測量儀器（電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓表、萬用表），本身(shen)帶負載能力很低(di)，但(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓準確度很高(gao)，漂移極小。