殺蟲燈的原理

殺(sha)蟲(chong)燈誘殺(sha)害蟲(chong)屬于物理防治，主(zhu)要是利(li)用科學(xue)的(de)光源和特(te)(te)質的(de)燈管(guan)，給(gei)雙翅目的(de)菇蚊設計(ji)了一個陷阱，通過(guo)發射特(te)(te)殊(shu)波段，在特(te)(te)定振動(dong)頻率(lv)范圍內(nei)吸引成蟲(chong)主(zhu)動(dong)前(qian)往。

成語“飛(fei)蛾撲火”形象描述了昆(kun)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)趨光(guang)性(xing)。燈(deng)光(guang)誘蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)技術就(jiu)是(shi)利用生物的(de)趨光(guang)性(xing)誘集并消滅(mie)害(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，從而(er)(er)防治蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)和蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)媒病害(hai)(hai)(hai)。燈(deng)光(guang)誘蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)專門誘殺害(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)成蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，降低害(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)基數，使害(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)密度和落卵(luan)量大幅度降低，從而(er)(er)減(jian)輕和避免(mian)害(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)對人(ren)、對農作物的(de)直接危(wei)害(hai)(hai)(hai)或傳播(bo)病害(hai)(hai)(hai)。各(ge)種病蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)都有一定的(de)防治標(biao)準，當病蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)指數在防治標(biao)準以(yi)下則無需用農藥防治。

關于(yu)少數殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)燈(deng)生(sheng)產企業產品介(jie)紹中的(de)說法：“殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)機理是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)運用(yong)(yong)光(guang)(guang)、波、色(se)(se)、味(wei)四種誘殺(sha)(sha)(sha)方(fang)式殺(sha)(sha)(sha)滅害蟲(chong)。”“近距離用(yong)(yong)光(guang)(guang)，遠距離用(yong)(yong)波，黃色(se)(se)光(guang)(guang)源(yuan)，性信(xin)息等原(yuan)理設計(ji)”，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不科學、不準確(que)的(de)！不是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)弄懸虛，就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)缺少基礎(chu)物理知(zhi)識(shi)！“光(guang)(guang)、波、色(se)(se)”實(shi)質都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)波，光(guang)(guang)和色(se)(se)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)波在不同振動(dong)頻率時的(de)表現，不同的(de)色(se)(se)也(ye)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不同振動(dong)頻率的(de)光(guang)(guang)波。至于(yu)“頻振式殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)燈(deng)”的(de)運用(yong)(yong)于(yu)“性信(xin)息”原(yuan)理，完全是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)子虛烏有！而(er)且(qie)，燈(deng)光(guang)(guang)只能誘蟲(chong)，不能殺(sha)(sha)(sha)滅害蟲(chong)；殺(sha)(sha)(sha)滅害蟲(chong)還必須配(pei)套其它殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)部(bu)件(jian)。

該圖片由注冊用戶"生活小當家"提供，版權聲明反饋

殺蟲燈的分類

按電源分類

1、交流電殺蟲燈

適用于有(you)交(jiao)流電(dian)源的(de)(de)使(shi)用場地(di)，是傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)殺蟲燈(deng)(deng)供能方式，可人工控(kong)制(zhi)，也可實行全(quan)(quan)自(zi)動(dong)控(kong)制(zhi)。如果為(wei)使(shi)用殺蟲燈(deng)(deng)，安裝符合安全(quan)(quan)供電(dian)標準的(de)(de)交(jiao)流供電(dian)線路，投資成本較(jiao)高，而(er)且在(zai)農田中使(shi)用交(jiao)流電(dian)，安全(quan)(quan)隱患較(jiao)大。

2、蓄電池殺蟲燈

殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)燈配有蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)和(he)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器；適用于(yu)有交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)條件的區(qu)域(yu)。以蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)為(wei)殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)燈能源，實(shi)現半(ban)自動(dong)控制，使(shi)用安全性好于(yu)交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)燈；像電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶車那樣，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量不足，需(xu)及時充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)燈價格比交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)燈高，使(shi)用過程中(zhong)還需(xu)要支出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)費，而且需(xu)專人充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、管理。

3、太陽能殺蟲燈

殺(sha)(sha)蟲燈(deng)配(pei)有(you)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)供電系(xi)統，太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)供電系(xi)統包括：太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)電池(chi)(chi)、蓄電池(chi)(chi)和控制器。適用(yong)于白天有(you)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)光的任何生產環境。由(you)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)供電系(xi)統提(ti)供能(neng)(neng)源；白天太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)電池(chi)(chi)對蓄電池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電，天黑蓄電池(chi)(chi)對殺(sha)(sha)蟲燈(deng)供電；一(yi)般(ban)(ban)都有(you)自動控制系(xi)統，能(neng)(neng)全自動安全高效工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，是節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)、環保(bao)的新能(neng)(neng)源殺(sha)(sha)蟲燈(deng)。太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)殺(sha)(sha)蟲燈(deng)售(shou)價較(jiao)高，但一(yi)套殺(sha)(sha)蟲燈(deng)有(you)效范圍一(yi)般(ban)(ban)30畝(mu)左右(you)，太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)電池(chi)(chi)板(ban)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)壽命20年以(yi)上，一(yi)次(ci)投資(zi)，20年受益(yi)，工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)期(qi)間不再需要(yao)支付電費(fei)。其它部(bu)件工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)壽命1、3、5年不等，加上維(wei)修費(fei)用(yong)，投資(zi)不足5000元，每年每畝(mu)平均費(fei)用(yong)不足10元，每年每畝(mu)可節(jie)(jie)約(yue)農藥成本(ben)和打藥用(yong)工(gong)費(fei)用(yong)100多元。

按誘蟲光源分類

1、火光

是最原始的誘(you)蟲(chong)(chong)光源(yuan)，如上世紀(ji)70年(nian)代，推廣利(li)用(yong)煤油燈誘(you)蟲(chong)(chong)。現在(zai)一般已不(bu)再(zai)運用(yong)。

2、電轉換光

電(dian)能轉(zhuan)化的(de)多種特(te)定頻率(lv)光波。現在的(de)殺蟲燈(deng)一般(ban)都是(shi)采用電(dian)轉(zhuan)換光。電(dian)轉(zhuan)換光源根據轉(zhuan)換技(ji)術的(de)原理(li)又可(ke)分為：白熾燈(deng)、汞燈(deng)和LED（半導體）燈(deng)三大類。

白(bai)熾(chi)燈(deng)：電流(liu)加熱(re)(re)發光(guang)(guang)(guang)體至白(bai)熾(chi)狀態而發光(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)電光(guang)(guang)(guang)源，如普通白(bai)熾(chi)燈(deng)、鹵鎢燈(deng)。白(bai)熾(chi)燈(deng)因很多(duo)能(neng)量作為熱(re)(re)能(neng)散失，光(guang)(guang)(guang)效率低，能(neng)耗最(zui)高；白(bai)熾(chi)燈(deng)的(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)波一般只包括(kuo)部分可見光(guang)(guang)(guang)段(duan)，誘蟲種類少(shao)，現在(zai)基本不用。

汞(gong)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)：以汞(gong)作基本元(yuan)素，并(bing)充(chong)有適量其(qi)他金屬(shu)或其(qi)他化(hua)合物的弧光(guang)(guang)放電(dian)(dian)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)；是利(li)用的汞(gong)蒸氣(qi)在放電(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中輻射紫外線，使熒光(guang)(guang)粉發(fa)出可見光(guang)(guang)；其(qi)中以汞(gong)蒸氣(qi)壓(ya)力又分為低壓(ya)、高壓(ya)、超高壓(ya)三類。由于汞(gong)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)所(suo)消耗的電(dian)(dian)能(neng)大部分用于產(chan)生紫外線，因此(ci)，汞(gong)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)的發(fa)光(guang)(guang)效率遠比白熾燈(deng)(deng)(deng)和鹵鎢(wu)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)高，是目前(qian)節能(neng)的電(dian)(dian)光(guang)(guang)源，誘蟲光(guang)(guang)源多屬(shu)此(ci)類。

LED燈：發(fa)光(guang)二(er)極(ji)管，是(shi)一種(zhong)固態(tai)的半導(dao)體(ti)器件直(zhi)接把電(dian)轉化為光(guang)。是(shi)最(zui)新型最(zui)節(jie)能光(guang)源(yuan)，但都(dou)是(shi)單色光(guang)，光(guang)譜(pu)太狹窄，幾種(zhong)顏色的LED燈組合起來(lai)，光(guang)譜(pu)幅度也不可能很寬，因此(ci)，LED燈誘蟲(chong)(chong)種(zhong)類少；而且(qie)價(jia)格高(gao)。使(shi)用LED燈作誘蟲(chong)(chong)光(guang)源(yuan)還需要進行系統(tong)的誘蟲(chong)(chong)效果(guo)試驗；目前，不宜用于殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)燈。

殺蟲燈怎么用效果最好

1、殺蟲燈的開燈時間

根(gen)據害蟲的(de)(de)活動規律，害蟲的(de)(de)活動旺(wang)盛期是天(tian)快黑時(shi)開始，到晚(wan)上22：00以后就會(hui)慢(man)慢(man)的(de)(de)減弱，所以開燈(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)時(shi)間至關重要，每天(tian)一定要在(zai)傍晚(wan)18：00以后準時(shi)開燈(deng)(deng)。

2、殺蟲燈的懸掛位置

因為(wei)害蟲(chong)具有一(yi)定(ding)的(de)自(zi)我保護能(neng)力，如果(guo)殺(sha)蟲(chong)燈始終是懸掛(gua)在同(tong)一(yi)個位(wei)置，那么殺(sha)蟲(chong)效果(guo)肯定(ding)會大打折扣，因此殺(sha)蟲(chong)燈的(de)懸掛(gua)位(wei)置要不停的(de)變換，這樣(yang)才能(neng)最大限度的(de)提(ti)高殺(sha)蟲(chong)燈對害蟲(chong)誘(you)殺(sha)效果(guo)；

3、和防蟲網一起使用

將殺蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)燈(deng)(deng)和防蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)網結(jie)合(he)起(qi)來(lai)實用(yong)，防蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)網可以將外界的害蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)和大棚中(zhong)的害蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)隔離(li)開(kai)來(lai)，避免殺蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)燈(deng)(deng)把周圍(wei)的害蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)也吸引過來(lai)，出現越殺越多的情況(kuang)。

4、配合藥物使用

在當前農業發展的過程中，雖然殺(sha)蟲燈的誘(you)殺(sha)效(xiao)果已經(jing)非常好了，但是當蟲害嚴(yan)重(zhong)發生(sheng)的時候，還(huan)需要配合(he)使用(yong)一些(xie)用(yong)，殺(sha)蟲燈和藥物配合(he)使用(yong)效(xiao)果最佳。

5、先開燈再噴藥

在蟲害嚴重發生時(shi)、在害蟲活動最活躍(yue)時(shi)，先開燈一會，然后在空中(zhong)噴藥，可以成(cheng)倍地提高殺(sha)蟲燈對(dui)害蟲的誘(you)殺(sha)效果。