【電阻(zu)(zu)的作用】電阻(zu)(zu)在電路(lu)中有什么作用 電阻(zu)(zu)器有哪些分類

電阻在電路中有什么作用

電阻器在日常生活中一般直接稱為電阻?是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)限流(liu)元件,將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)接在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)后(hou),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)器的(de)(de)(de)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)值是(shi)固(gu)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般是(shi)兩個(ge)引(yin)腳,它可(ke)限制(zhi)通過它所連支路的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)大小?阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)值不能改變(bian)的(de)(de)(de)稱為固(gu)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)器?阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)值可(ke)變(bian)的(de)(de)(de)稱為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)器或可(ke)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)器?理想的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)器是(shi)線性(xing)的(de)(de)(de),即通過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)器的(de)(de)(de)瞬時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)與(yu)外加瞬時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)成正(zheng)比?用于分壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)器?在裸(luo)露的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)體上,緊壓(ya)(ya)著(zhu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)至兩個(ge)可(ke)移金屬觸點(dian)(dian)?觸點(dian)(dian)位(wei)置確定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)體任(ren)一(yi)(yi)(yi)端與(yu)觸點(dian)(dian)間的(de)(de)(de)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)值?

該圖片由注冊用戶"橘子de殿堂"提供，版權聲明反饋

小功(gong)率電(dian)阻器通(tong)常為封裝在(zai)塑(su)料外殼中(zhong)的碳膜構成,而大(da)功(gong)率的電(dian)阻器通(tong)常為繞線電(dian)阻器,通(tong)過將大(da)電(dian)阻率的金屬絲繞在(zai)瓷(ci)心(xin)上而制(zhi)成?

如果一個電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)值(zhi)接近(jin)零歐姆,則該(gai)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)對電(dian)(dian)流(liu)沒有阻(zu)(zu)礙作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong),并聯(lian)這種電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)回路(lu)被短路(lu),電(dian)(dian)流(liu)無限(xian)大(da)?如果一個電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)具有無限(xian)大(da)的(de)(de)或很(hen)大(da)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu),則串接該(gai)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)回路(lu)可看作(zuo)(zuo)開路(lu),電(dian)(dian)流(liu)為零?工業(ye)中(zhong)常用(yong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)介于兩(liang)種極(ji)端情(qing)況之(zhi)間,它具有一定的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu),可通過一定的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu),但電(dian)(dian)流(liu)不像(xiang)短路(lu)時那樣大(da)?電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)限(xian)流(liu)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)類似于接在兩(liang)根大(da)直徑管子之(zhi)間的(de)(de)小直徑管子限(xian)制水流(liu)量(liang)的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)?

電阻器有哪些分類

按伏安特性分類

對大多數導體來說,在一定的溫度下,其電阻幾乎維持(chi)不變(bian)而為一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)值(zhi),這(zhe)類電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)稱(cheng)為線(xian)(xian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)?有(you)些(xie)材料的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)明顯地隨著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)流(或電(dian)(dian)壓)而變(bian)化,其伏(fu)—安特(te)(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)是一(yi)(yi)(yi)條曲(qu)線(xian)(xian),這(zhe)類電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)稱(cheng)為非(fei)(fei)線(xian)(xian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)?非(fei)(fei)線(xian)(xian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)在某一(yi)(yi)(yi)給定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(或電(dian)(dian)流)作用下,電(dian)(dian)壓與電(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)比(bi)值(zhi)為在該工作點下的(de)(de)靜態電(dian)(dian)阻(zu),伏(fu)—安特(te)(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)曲(qu)線(xian)(xian)上的(de)(de)斜率(lv)為動態電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)?表(biao)達非(fei)(fei)線(xian)(xian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)特(te)(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)方式比(bi)較復雜,但這(zhe)些(xie)非(fei)(fei)線(xian)(xian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)關系在電(dian)(dian)子電(dian)(dian)路中得到了(le)廣泛(fan)的(de)(de)應(ying)用?

按材料分類

a?線(xian)(xian)繞(rao)電阻(zu)(zu)器(qi)由電阻(zu)(zu)線(xian)(xian)繞(rao)成(cheng)電阻(zu)(zu)器(qi) 用高阻(zu)(zu)合金線(xian)(xian)繞(rao)在絕(jue)(jue)緣骨架(jia)上制成(cheng),外面(mian)涂有耐熱的(de)釉絕(jue)(jue)緣層或(huo)絕(jue)(jue)緣漆?繞(rao)線(xian)(xian)電阻(zu)(zu)具有較低的(de)溫(wen)度系數(shu),阻(zu)(zu)值(zhi)精度高,穩(wen)定性好,耐熱耐腐蝕,主要做精密大功率電阻(zu)(zu)使(shi)用,缺點是高頻性能差,時間(jian)常數(shu)大?

b?碳合成(cheng)(cheng)電阻器由碳及合成(cheng)(cheng)塑(su)膠壓制成(cheng)(cheng)而成(cheng)(cheng)?

c?碳膜(mo)電阻器在(zai)瓷管上(shang)鍍上(shang)一層碳而成,將結晶碳沉積在(zai)陶瓷棒骨架上(shang)制(zhi)成?碳膜(mo)電阻器成本(ben)低?性(xing)能(neng)穩定?阻值(zhi)范圍寬(kuan)?溫度(du)系數和電壓系數低,是目前應用最廣泛(fan)的電阻器?

d?金屬膜電阻器(qi)在(zai)瓷管上(shang)鍍上(shang)一層金屬而成(cheng),用(yong)真空蒸(zheng)發的方法將合金材(cai)料蒸(zheng)鍍于陶瓷棒骨(gu)架表面?

金屬膜電阻(zu)比碳膜電阻(zu)的精度(du)高,穩定(ding)性(xing)好,噪聲,溫度(du)系數小(xiao)?在儀(yi)器儀(yi)表(biao)及通訊設備(bei)中大量采用?

e?金屬氧化膜電阻器在瓷(ci)管上(shang)鍍上(shang)一(yi)層氧(yang)化(hua)錫而成(cheng),在絕緣棒(bang)上(shang)沉積一(yi)層金屬氧(yang)化(hua)物?由于其本身即是氧(yang)化(hua)物,所(suo)以高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)下(xia)穩定,耐熱沖擊,負載能(neng)力強 按用途分,有通(tong)用?精密?高(gao)(gao)頻?高(gao)(gao)壓?高(gao)(gao)阻?大功率和電(dian)阻網絡(luo)等?

特殊電阻器

1?保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)電阻:又叫(jiao)熔斷電阻器(qi)(qi),在正常情況(kuang)下起著(zhu)電阻和保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)絲(si)(si)的(de)雙重作用(yong),當(dang)電路(lu)出現故障而使其功率(lv)(lv)(lv)超過(guo)額(e)定(ding)功率(lv)(lv)(lv)時,它會像保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)絲(si)(si)一樣熔斷使連接電路(lu)斷開?保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)絲(si)(si)電阻一般電阻值都小(xiao)(0.33Ω~10KΩ),功率(lv)(lv)(lv)也較小(xiao)?保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)絲(si)(si)電阻器(qi)(qi)常用(yong)型(xing)號(hao)有:RF10型(xing)?RF111-5保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)絲(si)(si)電阻器(qi)(qi)的(de)符號(hao)型(xing)?RRD0910型(xing)?RRD0911型(xing)等?

2?敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)感(gan)(gan)電阻(zu)(zu)(zu)器(qi):是指其電阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值(zhi)(zhi)對(dui)于某種(zhong)物(wu)理(li)量(liang)(liang)(如溫(wen)度?濕(shi)度?光照(zhao)?電壓(ya)?機械力?以及氣體濃度等)具有敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)感(gan)(gan)特性,當這(zhe)些物(wu)理(li)量(liang)(liang)發生(sheng)變化時(shi),敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)感(gan)(gan)電阻(zu)(zu)(zu)的阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值(zhi)(zhi)就會隨物(wu)理(li)量(liang)(liang)變化而發生(sheng)改變,呈現不同的電阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值(zhi)(zhi)?根據對(dui)不同物(wu)理(li)量(liang)(liang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)感(gan)(gan),敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)感(gan)(gan)電阻(zu)(zu)(zu)器(qi)可分為(wei)熱敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)?濕(shi)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)?光敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)?壓(ya)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)?力敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)?磁敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)和(he)氣敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)等類(lei)型敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)感(gan)(gan)電阻(zu)(zu)(zu)?敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)感(gan)(gan)電阻(zu)(zu)(zu)器(qi)所用的材(cai)料幾乎都是半導體材(cai)料,這(zhe)類(lei)電阻(zu)(zu)(zu)器(qi)也稱為(wei)半導體電阻(zu)(zu)(zu)器(qi)?

熱敏電阻的阻(zu)值(zhi)(zhi)隨溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)變(bian)(bian)化而變(bian)(bian)化,溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)升(sheng)高阻(zu)為負溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)系(xi)數(shu)(NTC)熱敏電阻(zu)?應(ying)用(yong)較(jiao)多(duo)的是(shi)負溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)系(xi)數(shu)熱敏電阻(zu),又(you)可分為普通(tong)型(xing)(xing)負溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)系(xi)數(shu)熱敏電阻(zu);穩(wen)壓(ya)型(xing)(xing)負溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)系(xi)數(shu)熱敏電阻(zu);測(ce)溫(wen)型(xing)(xing)負溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)系(xi)數(shu)熱敏電阻(zu)等? 光敏電阻(zu)是(shi)電阻(zu)的阻(zu)值(zhi)(zhi)隨入(ru)射(she)光的強(qiang)弱(ruo)變(bian)(bian)化而改(gai)變(bian)(bian),當入(ru)射(she)光增強(qiang)時,光敏電阻(zu)的減小,入(ru)射(she)光減弱(ruo)時電阻(zu)值(zhi)(zhi)增大?