【互感(gan)器的(de)功能】互感(gan)器的(de)作用(yong)是什么 互感(gan)器原理及用(yong)途

互感器原理及用途

在供電用電的線路中，電流相差從幾安到幾萬安，電壓相差從幾伏到幾百萬伏。線路中電流電壓都比較高，如直接測量是非常危險的。為便于二次儀表測量需要轉換為比較統一的電流電壓，使用互感器起到變(bian)流變(bian)壓(ya)和電氣隔離(li)的(de)作用(yong)。

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顯示(shi)儀(yi)表(biao)(biao)大部(bu)分是(shi)指(zhi)針(zhen)式的電(dian)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)壓(ya)表(biao)(biao)，所(suo)以電(dian)流(liu)(liu)互感器的二次電(dian)流(liu)(liu)大多(duo)數是(shi)安培(pei)級的（如5等）。隨(sui)著時(shi)代發(fa)展(zhan)，電量(liang)測量(liang)大多已經達(da)到數字化，而計算機的采樣(yang)的信(xin)號(hao)一般為毫安級（0-5V、4-20mA等）。微型電流(liu)(liu)互感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)二次電流(liu)(liu)為毫安級，主(zhu)要起大互感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)與(yu)采(cai)樣之間的橋梁作用(yong)。微型電流(liu)(liu)互感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)稱之為“儀(yi)用(yong)電流(liu)(liu)互感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)”。（“儀(yi)用(yong)電流(liu)(liu)互感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)”有一(yi)層含(han)義是(shi)在實驗室使用(yong)的多電流(liu)(liu)比精密(mi)電流(liu)(liu)互感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)，一(yi)般用(yong)于擴(kuo)大儀(yi)表(biao)量程。）

電(dian)(dian)流互(hu)(hu)感器(qi)原理線路圖微(wei)型電(dian)(dian)流互(hu)(hu)感器(qi)與變壓器(qi)類似也是根據電(dian)(dian)磁感應(ying)原理工作，變壓器(qi)變換(huan)的(de)是電(dian)(dian)壓而微(wei)型電(dian)(dian)流互(hu)(hu)感器(qi)變換(huan)的(de)是電(dian)(dian)流罷了。繞組N1接被(bei)測電流，稱為一次繞(rao)組（或(huo)原(yuan)邊繞(rao)組、初級繞(rao)組）；繞(rao)組N2接(jie)測量(liang)儀表，稱為二次(ci)繞(rao)組(zu)（或副(fu)邊(bian)繞(rao)組(zu)、次(ci)級(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)）。

微型電流(liu)互(hu)感器一(yi)次繞組(zu)電流(liu)I1與二(er)次繞(rao)組I2的電流比，叫實(shi)際電流比K。微(wei)型電(dian)流(liu)互感(gan)器在額定工作電(dian)流(liu)下工作時的電(dian)流(liu)比(bi)叫(jiao)電(dian)流(liu)互感(gan)器額定電(dian)流(liu)比(bi)，用(yong)Kn表(biao)示(shi)。Kn=I1n/I2n。

互感器的作用是什么

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)統為了傳輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，往往采用(yong)(yong)交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流回(hui)路把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)送往用(yong)(yong)戶，無法(fa)用(yong)(yong)儀(yi)(yi)表(biao)(biao)進行直(zhi)(zhi)接測(ce)量。互(hu)感器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)將交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流按比(bi)例降(jiang)到(dao)(dao)(dao)可(ke)以(yi)用(yong)(yong)儀(yi)(yi)表(biao)(biao)直(zhi)(zhi)接測(ce)量的(de)(de)數(shu)值，便于儀(yi)(yi)表(biao)(biao)直(zhi)(zhi)接測(ce)量，同時為繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)自動裝置(zhi)提供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)統用(yong)(yong)互(hu)感器(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)信息傳遞(di)到(dao)(dao)(dao)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流二次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)側的(de)(de)計量、測(ce)量儀(yi)(yi)表(biao)(biao)及繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護、自動裝置(zhi)的(de)(de)一(yi)種特(te)殊變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)，是(shi)(shi)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)系(xi)(xi)統和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)二次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)系(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)聯絡元件(jian)，其(qi)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)繞組接入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網，二次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)繞組分別與(yu)測(ce)量儀(yi)(yi)表(biao)(biao)、保護裝置(zhi)等互(hu)相連(lian)接。互(hu)感器(qi)(qi)與(yu)測(ce)量儀(yi)(yi)表(biao)(biao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)計量裝置(zhi)配合(he)，可(ke)以(yi)測(ce)量一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)系(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能；與(yu)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)自動裝置(zhi)配合(he)，可(ke)以(yi)構成對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網各種故障的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣保護和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)自動控制。互(hu)感器(qi)(qi)性能的(de)(de)好壞，直(zhi)(zhi)接影(ying)響到(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)統測(ce)量、計量的(de)(de)準(zhun)確(que)性和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)保護裝置(zhi)動作(zuo)的(de)(de)可(ke)靠性。

互感器包括電壓互感器和電流互感器

電壓互感器是一種電壓變換裝置，有電壓變換和隔離兩重作用，它將高壓回路或低壓回路的高電壓轉變為低電壓（一般為100V），供給(gei)儀表和繼電保護裝置實(shi)現測量(liang)、計(ji)量(liang)、保護等(deng)作(zuo)用(yong)。

電流(liu)(liu)互感器是一種電流(liu)(liu)變(bian)換(huan)裝置，有電流(liu)(liu)變(bian)換(huan)和隔(ge)離兩重(zhong)作用，它將高壓(ya)回路(lu)(lu)或(huo)低(di)(di)壓(ya)回路(lu)(lu)的大電流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)變(bian)為(wei)低(di)(di)壓(ya)小電流(liu)(liu)（一般為(wei)5A），供給儀(yi)表和繼電保護裝置實現測量、計量、保護等作用(yong)。

實際測量時，為了更好的(de)與儀表量程(cheng)匹配，也有將5A以(yi)下小(xiao)電(dian)流(liu)變(bian)換為大電(dian)流(liu)（5A）的互感器。