汽車電路修理方法有哪些

1、要(yao)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)原(yuan)理，弄清(qing)總體電(dian)路(lu)(lu)及聯系。一旦碰到(dao)不熟悉的車型和線(xian)路(lu)(lu)，常常要(yao)自己(ji)動手，分(fen)(fen)析(xi)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)原(yuan)理，甚至(zhi)測繪必要(yao)的電(dian)路(lu)(lu)圖。因此，汽車電(dian)子電(dian)路(lu)(lu)維修將涉及到(dao)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)方法(fa)問題。

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2、先外(wai)后(hou)(hou)內(nei)逐(zhu)一排除，最后(hou)(hou)確(que)定其技(ji)術狀況。汽車(che)上許多(duo)電子(zi)電路，出于性能(neng)要(yao)求和(he)技(ji)術保護等(deng)多(duo)種原因，往(wang)往(wang)采用不可拆(chai)卸封裝(zhuang)，如(ru)厚膜封裝(zhuang)調節器、固封點火電路等(deng)。如(ru)若某(mou)一故障可能(neng)涉及到其內(nei)部時，則往(wang)往(wang)難于判斷，需要(yao)先從(cong)外(wai)圍逐(zhu)一排除，最后(hou)(hou)確(que)定它(ta)們是(shi)否損壞(huai)。

4、注意元(yuan)件(jian)替(ti)(ti)代(dai)的(de)可行性，一(yi)些進口汽車上的(de)電(dian)子電(dian)路，雖然(ran)可以(yi)拆(chai)卸(xie)，但往往缺(que)少同型(xing)號分立元(yuan)件(jian)代(dai)換，故往往需要設(she)法以(yi)國產或其它進口元(yuan)件(jian)替(ti)(ti)代(dai)。這涉及到(dao)元(yuan)件(jian)替(ti)(ti)換的(de)可行性問題。

怎樣檢查汽車電路故障

1、電壓檢測

（1）使測試燈的一條導線(xian)接(jie)地(di)良好。如果采(cai)用電壓表，則應確認電壓表的負極接(jie)地(di)。

（2）將測試燈或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)表的另(ling)一極接至選定的測試點。如果測試燈發(fa)光，則(ze)表明有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)存在；如使用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)表，則(ze)記下電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)讀數(shu)。該讀數(shu)與被測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)相比應在1伏范圍內變動(dong)。如果變動(dong)范圍超過1伏，則(ze)表明電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路有問題。

（3）可用(yong)固態(tai)模(mo)塊的(de)(de)輸入電壓對(dui)導線導通性(xing)進行經常性(xing)快(kuai)速(su)檢測。如果導線導通性(xing)良好，在開關插頭處可以測得12伏的(de)(de)電壓值(zhi)，該檢測只能用(yong)數字電壓表(biao)進行，模(mo)擬表(biao)或測試燈不適用(yong)于檢測電路(lu)。

2、導通性檢測

斷(duan)開車用(yong)蓄電(dian)池(chi)，將(jiang)有源(yuan)測試(shi)燈或電(dian)阻(zu)表的(de)(de)一(yi)條導線接(jie)至(zhi)將(jiang)要檢測的(de)(de)電(dian)路(lu)部分的(de)(de)一(yi)端(duan)。將(jiang)另(ling)一(yi)條導線接(jie)至(zhi)電(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)另(ling)一(yi)端(duan)。如果有源(yuan)測試(shi)燈發(fa)光，則表明導通性良好。如果采用(yong)電(dian)阻(zu)計，低電(dian)阻(zu)或無電(dian)阻(zu)則意味著導通性良好。

3、地線短路檢測

拆下(xia)熔斷(duan)的保(bao)險(xian)(xian)絲(si)(si)并斷(duan)開(kai)負載(zai)，將測(ce)試燈(deng)(deng)或電壓(ya)表(biao)/數(shu)字萬用(yong)表(biao)與保(bao)險(xian)(xian)絲(si)(si)端子(確認保(bao)險(xian)(xian)絲(si)(si)已(yi)通電)連接。從保(bao)險(xian)(xian)絲(si)(si)盒旁開(kai)始，左右擺動導(dao)線(xian)，在觀察(cha)測(ce)試燈(deng)(deng)或電壓(ya)表(biao)時(shi)，在導(dao)線(xian)合適(shi)處(約6英寸(cun)間(jian)距(ju))繼續(xu)擺動。測(ce)試燈(deng)(deng)發光或電壓(ya)表(biao)有(you)讀(du)數(shu)時(shi)，在該處附(fu)近導(dao)線(xian)接地短路。

4、電流檢測

檢測(ce)(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流用的(de)儀表(biao)必須串聯(lian)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)，測(ce)(ce)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流時(shi)需要斷開(kai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流流過表(biao)頭(tou)，顯示出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)安培數(shu)或(huo)毫安數(shu)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流測(ce)(ce)定點常選(xuan)在保險絲和蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池兩側。注意勿用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流表(biao)測(ce)(ce)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，否則會導(dao)致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流表(biao)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)或(huo)二者的(de)嚴重損壞。