縫紉機有哪些種類
1、按用途分類
可分為家用縫紉機、服務行業(ye)(ye)用(yong)縫紉機(ji)和工(gong)業(ye)(ye)用(yong)縫紉機(ji)三種。
2、按線跡分類
可分為單線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)鎖式(shi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)跡(ji)(ji)(ji)、雙線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)鎖式(shi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)跡(ji)(ji)(ji)、單線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)鏈(lian)(lian)式(shi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)跡(ji)(ji)(ji)、雙線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)鏈(lian)(lian)式(shi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)跡(ji)(ji)(ji)、多線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)包邊鏈(lian)(lian)式(shi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)跡(ji)(ji)(ji)、多線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)覆蓋鏈(lian)(lian)式(shi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)跡(ji)(ji)(ji)、三線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)包縫(feng)(feng)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)跡(ji)(ji)(ji)、雙線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)復合鏈(lian)(lian)鎖線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)跡(ji)(ji)(ji)、仿手縫(feng)(feng)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)跡(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)無線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)跡(ji)(ji)(ji)十種。
3、按勾線機構分類
可分為擺梭勾線、旋梭勾線、單(dan)彎針勾線、雙彎針勾線和旋轉勾線五種。
4、按挑線機構分類
可分(fen)為針桿(gan)(gan)挑線(xian)、凸輪(lun)挑線(xian)、連(lian)桿(gan)(gan)挑線(xian)、滑(hua)桿(gan)(gan)挑線(xian)、復動擺桿(gan)(gan)挑線(xian)、旋轉挑線(xian)和(he)齒輪(lun)挑線(xian)七種。
縫紉機的縫合原理是什么
縫(feng)(feng)紉機(ji)的(de)核心(xin)是線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)縫(feng)(feng)合系統,其(qi)線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)縫(feng)(feng)合方法(fa)與(yu)普通(tong)手工縫(feng)(feng)紉差異很(hen)大,在(zai)機(ji)針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)上,針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)眼就在(zai)尖(jian)頭的(de)后面(mian)(mian),而不是在(zai)針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)的(de)尾端。縫(feng)(feng)紉機(ji)只需將針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)部分穿過(guo)(guo)織(zhi)物,針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)固定(ding)在(zai)針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)桿上,針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)桿由電(dian)機(ji)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)一(yi)系列的(de)齒(chi)輪(lun)和(he)凸輪(lun)牽(qian)引(yin)做上下(xia)運動。當針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)的(de)尖(jian)端穿過(guo)(guo)織(zhi)物時,它在(zai)一(yi)面(mian)(mian)向(xiang)另(ling)一(yi)面(mian)(mian)拉出(chu)一(yi)個(ge)小線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)。織(zhi)物下(xia)面(mian)(mian)的(de)一(yi)個(ge)裝置會抓住這個(ge)線(xian)圈(quan)(quan),然后將其(qi)包住另(ling)一(yi)根線(xian)或者同一(yi)根線(xian)的(de)另(ling)一(yi)個(ge)線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)。
最(zui)簡單的(de)線(xian)(xian)圈縫(feng)合(he)是鏈式(shi)縫(feng)合(he),若要(yao)縫(feng)出(chu)鏈式(shi)縫(feng)合(he),縫(feng)紉(ren)機會(hui)(hui)(hui)在(zai)線(xian)(xian)的(de)后(hou)面(mian)用相同長(chang)度的(de)線(xian)(xian)打環。織物(wu)位于針(zhen)(zhen)下面(mian)的(de)一(yi)塊(kuai)金屬(shu)板上,用壓腳固定(ding)。每(mei)次縫(feng)合(he)開始時,針(zhen)(zhen)穿(chuan)(chuan)過織物(wu)拉出(chu)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)線(xian)(xian)圈,而一(yi)個(ge)(ge)做線(xian)(xian)圈的(de)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)在(zai)針(zhen)(zhen)拉出(chu)前抓住(zhu)線(xian)(xian)圈,該裝(zhuang)置(zhi)與針(zhen)(zhen)同步運動。一(yi)旦針(zhen)(zhen)拉出(chu)織物(wu),送布(bu)牙裝(zhuang)置(zhi)就會(hui)(hui)(hui)將織物(wu)往前拉。當針(zhen)(zhen)再(zai)次穿(chuan)(chuan)過織物(wu)時,新的(de)線(xian)(xian)圈將直接穿(chuan)(chuan)過前一(yi)個(ge)(ge)線(xian)(xian)圈的(de)中(zhong)間。做線(xian)(xian)圈的(de)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)再(zai)次抓住(zhu)線(xian)(xian),圍繞(rao)下一(yi)個(ge)(ge)線(xian)(xian)圈做線(xian)(xian)圈。這樣,每(mei)個(ge)(ge)線(xian)(xian)圈都會(hui)(hui)(hui)把下一(yi)個(ge)(ge)線(xian)(xian)圈固定(ding)到位。
鏈式縫(feng)合的(de)主(zhu)要優點是可以縫(feng)得非(fei)常快,但(dan)是,它不是特別地結實,如果線的(de)一(yi)端松開(kai),可能整個縫(feng)紉會全(quan)部(bu)松脫。大多數(shu)縫(feng)紉機使用(yong)一(yi)種(zhong)更結實的(de)縫(feng)線,叫做(zuo)鎖縫(feng)。
鎖縫裝置最重(zhong)要的(de)(de)元件是(shi)擺梭鉤和線(xian)軸組件。線(xian)軸就是(shi)放(fang)在(zai)織(zhi)物下(xia)面的(de)(de)一(yi)卷線(xian)。它位于(yu)擺梭的(de)(de)中央,后者在(zai)電機的(de)(de)帶動下(xia)旋轉,與針(zhen)的(de)(de)運(yun)動同步。與鏈式縫合(he)相同,針(zhen)穿過織(zhi)物拉出一(yi)個線(xian)圈(quan),在(zai)送布牙向前移動織(zhi)物的(de)(de)同時它再次(ci)升起(qi),然后將另外一(yi)個線(xian)圈(quan)套入。不(bu)過,這種縫合(he)機制不(bu)是(shi)將不(bu)同的(de)(de)線(xian)圈(quan)連接(jie)在(zai)一(yi)起(qi),而是(shi)將它們(men)與從線(xian)軸上松開的(de)(de)另一(yi)段線(xian)連接(jie)起(qi)來。
縫紉機的組成部件有哪些
一(yi)般縫(feng)紉機(ji)都由機(ji)頭、機(ji)座、傳(chuan)動和(he)附件(jian)四(si)部分組成。機(ji)頭是(shi)縫(feng)紉機(ji)的主要部分。它由刺料(liao)(liao)、鉤線、挑線、送料(liao)(liao)四(si)個(ge)機(ji)構(gou)和(he)繞線、壓料(liao)(liao)、落牙等輔助機(ji)構(gou)組成,各機(ji)構(gou)的運動合理地配合,循(xun)環工作(zuo),把縫(feng)料(liao)(liao)縫(feng)合起(qi)來。
機(ji)(ji)(ji)座(zuo)分為(wei)臺(tai)板(ban)(ban)和(he)機(ji)(ji)(ji)箱(xiang)兩種(zhong)形式。臺(tai)板(ban)(ban)式機(ji)(ji)(ji)座(zuo)的臺(tai)板(ban)(ban)起(qi)著(zhu)支(zhi)承(cheng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)頭的作用,縫紉操作時當作工(gong)作臺(tai)用。臺(tai)板(ban)(ban)有多種(zhong)式樣,有一(yi)斗或多斗摺藏(zang)式、柜式、寫字(zi)臺(tai)式等(deng)。機(ji)(ji)(ji)箱(xiang)式機(ji)(ji)(ji)座(zuo)的機(ji)(ji)(ji)箱(xiang)起(qi)著(zhu)支(zhi)承(cheng)和(he)貯藏(zang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)頭的作用,使(shi)縫紉機(ji)(ji)(ji)便于攜帶和(he)保管(guan)。
縫紉機的傳(chuan)動(dong)部分由機(ji)(ji)架、手搖器(qi)或電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)等部件構成。機(ji)(ji)架是機(ji)(ji)器(qi)的支柱,支承著(zhu)臺板(ban)和腳踏(ta)板(ban)。使(shi)用時操作者踩動(dong)腳踏(ta)板(ban),通(tong)過曲(qu)柄帶動(dong)皮(pi)帶輪(lun)的旋轉,又通(tong)過皮(pi)帶帶動(dong)機(ji)(ji)頭旋轉。手搖器(qi)或電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)多數直接(jie)裝在機(ji)(ji)頭上。
縫(feng)紉機的附件包括機針、梭心、螺絲刀、油壺(hu)等(deng)。