電子滅蚊器的制作步驟 電子滅蚊器使用方法

電(dian)子滅(mie)蚊比(bi)傳統(tong)的(de)滅(mie)蚊方(fang)法更加環保、安(an)全、方(fang)便，再(zai)加上滅(mie)蚊效(xiao)果良好，越來越受人們的(de)歡迎(ying)。它是利(li)用紫(zi)外光燈管(guan)發出的(de)紫(zi)外線(xian)引誘蚊蟲，當(dang)蚊蟲觸及(ji)圓形的(de)高壓電(dian)網(wang)時，電(dian)極被短接。蚊蟲擊斃。下面(mian)剖析一種(zhong)線(xian)路簡(jian)單、成本低且容易制作的(de)電(dian)擊滅(mie)蚊器。

1 ．電路及工作原理

它由紫外(wai)(wai)燈管(guan)發(fa)(fa)光(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路、高(gao)壓(ya)直(zhi)流發(fa)(fa)生器、高(gao)壓(ya)圓形電(dian)(dian)(dian)網等組成(cheng)。紫外(wai)(wai)燈管(guan)發(fa)(fa)光(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路由紫外(wai)(wai)燈管(guan) H 和電(dian)(dian)(dian)容 C1 組成(cheng)，直(zhi)流高(gao)壓(ya)發(fa)(fa)生器由二極管(guan) D1 、 D2 ，電(dian)(dian)(dian)位器 W 、電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻 R1 、 R2 、電(dian)(dian)(dian)容 C2 。單向晶閘管(guan) SCR 、脈沖變壓(ya)器 T 及限流電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻 R3 等組成(cheng)。

當電源接(jie)通 220V 交流電時．紫外燈(deng)管 H 即點亮。其波(bo)長約(yue) 253.7nm 。利(li)用蚊(wen)蟲趨光性引(yin)誘蚊(wen)蟲。當蚊(wen)蟲撲向紫外燈(deng)管時，必然先(xian)觸(chu)及到圓形(xing)高壓電網(wang)，結果受(shou)電擊(ji)而死(si)。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)接通(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)后(hou)．電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)正(zheng)半周(zhou)由(you)二(er)極管 D1 整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)后(hou)，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)降壓(ya)(ya)限流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻 R1 、 R2 和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)器(qi) W ，分別向(xiang)單(dan)向(xiang)晶(jing)閘(zha)管 SCR 的(de)(de)(de)(de)陽極與控制極提供正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。調整(zheng)(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)器(qi) W ，使(shi)該通(tong)(tong)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)達到(dao)控制極的(de)(de)(de)(de)觸發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)時，單(dan)向(xiang)晶(jing)閘(zha)管 SCR 便導通(tong)(tong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容 C2 通(tong)(tong)過(guo)脈沖變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi) T 的(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)線(xian)圈和單(dan)向(xiang)晶(jing)閘(zha)管 SCR 放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)， C2 的(de)(de)(de)(de)容量越(yue)大，脈沖變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi) T 的(de)(de)(de)(de)次(ci)級(ji)(ji)線(xian)圈感應的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)越(yue)高。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)從正(zheng)變(bian)到(dao)零時，單(dan)向(xiang)晶(jing)閘(zha)管 SCR 因流(liu)過(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)小(xiao)于維持電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)而關斷。之(zhi)后(hou)，單(dan)向(xiang)晶(jing)閘(zha)管 SCR 就承受電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。直到(dao)下(xia)一個(ge)周(zhou)期觸發(fa)脈沖再次(ci)加到(dao)控制極上(shang)(shang)時重新導通(tong)(tong)。改變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)器(qi) W 的(de)(de)(de)(de)值．就改變(bian)了導通(tong)(tong)角的(de)(de)(de)(de)大小(xiao)。即能(neng)改變(bian)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高低。由(you)于單(dan)向(xiang)晶(jing)閘(zha)管 SCR 的(de)(de)(de)(de)頻(pin)繁導通(tong)(tong)和截(jie)止。形成高頻(pin)振蕩，在脈沖變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi) T 的(de)(de)(de)(de)次(ci)級(ji)(ji)線(xian)圈上(shang)(shang)感應出 10000V 到(dao) 15000V 的(de)(de)(de)(de)高壓(ya)(ya)．經高壓(ya)(ya)硅堆 D2 整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)，就在圓(yuan)形電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)上(shang)(shang)形成直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)擊高壓(ya)(ya)

2 ．元器件的選擇

脈沖變壓器 T 可選用 12~14 英(ying)寸(cun)黑白電視的行輸出變壓器。

紫外燈管(guan) H 的功率可(ke)選(xuan)用 3W 。高壓圓形(xing)電(dian)(dian)網需自(zi)制，電(dian)(dian)網可(ke)選(xuan)用φ 0.5mm 左右(you)鐵絲在塑料骨架(jia)上(shang)隔離繞(rao)制而成，如圖 2 所示。注意(yi)兩根鐵絲 A 、 B 不能(neng)有任(ren)何(he)接觸．否則會造(zao)成短(duan)路，兩者之間的距離以 2mm 較(jiao)為合適。

3 ．制作及注意事項

本電(dian)(dian)(dian)擊滅(mie)(mie)蚊器除印(yin)刷電(dian)(dian)(dian)路板(ban)、高壓圓形電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)需(xu)要自制外，其(qi)(qi)余元件(jian)均(jun)可買成(cheng)品組裝(zhuang)。制作時(shi)(shi)燈管裝(zhuang)在(zai)(zai)圓網(wang)內，其(qi)(qi)余元件(jian)安裝(zhuang)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)個盒子(zi)里。若元件(jian)良好，安裝(zhuang)無誤時(shi)(shi)，接通電(dian)(dian)(dian)源，調節(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位器，該電(dian)(dian)(dian)擊滅(mie)(mie)蚊器便能正常工(gong)作。雖然本電(dian)(dian)(dian)擊滅(mie)(mie)蚊器電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓較高。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)在(zai)(zai)微安級，使用(yong)安全。即(ji)使不慎(shen)碰到(dao)了(le)。只像針扎一(yi)下而已，不必驚慌失措。使用(yong)時(shi)(shi)，插上電(dian)(dian)(dian)源插頭，旋轉(zhuan)帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)源開關的電(dian)(dian)(dian)位器，即(ji)可接通電(dian)(dian)(dian)源，繼續(xu)旋轉(zhuan)可聽到(dao)高壓產(chan)生，圓形網(wang)內的紫外燈管發光(guang)。至此，電(dian)(dian)(dian)擊滅(mie)(mie)蚊器即(ji)制作成(cheng)功。不用(yong)時(shi)(shi)，反向旋轉(zhuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位器即(ji)可關斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)源。

使用時，注意事項如下：

(1) 正常(chang)使用(yong)時應將(jiang)圓網掛在高處(chu)，以便取得良好的滅蚊效果。并防止小孩觸摸。

(2) 最好在沒(mei)有其他光源的情(qing)況下使用(yong)。以免(mian)影響(xiang)滅蚊效果(guo)。一般可(ke)在就寢(qin)后啟用(yong)。

(3) 在關斷 2 分(fen)鐘內，由于網上電荷未泄放完畢，可(ke)能電擊人手，故不(bu)要(yao)觸及(ji)。

(4) 由(you)于紫外線(xian)對人(ren)體及(ji)眼(yan)睛有害(hai)，故燈管功率不宜(yi)過大，不要直視燈管。