如何選(xuan)(xuan)購不飽和聚樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)材(cai)料 樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)材(cai)料選(xuan)(xuan)購技巧

不(bu)(bu)飽和(he)聚(ju)酯(zhi)(zhi)樹脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(UPR)具(ju)有(you)常溫可(ke)加工性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)以及其(qi)它各(ge)項優異性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，被(bei)廣泛地(di)應(ying)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)國(guo)民經濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)個領(ling)域，目(mu)前已(yi)成(cheng)為(wei)熱(re)固性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)樹脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)領(ling)域發展最(zui)快、需求量最(zui)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)樹脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)種。市場上(shang)銷售的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)飽和(he)聚(ju)酯(zhi)(zhi)樹脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)牌(pai)號(hao)眾多，因為(wei)沒(mei)有(you)統(tong)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)命(ming)名體(ti)系，單從(cong)商(shang)品(pin)牌(pai)號(hao)上(shang)很難分(fen)清是(shi)哪種類型(xing)和(he)哪種用(yong)途的(de)(de)(de)(de)樹脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)同(tong)廠家生產的(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)一(yi)牌(pai)號(hao)樹脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，在性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)上(shang)也(ye)有(you)很大差別,不(bu)(bu)飽和(he)聚(ju)酯(zhi)(zhi)樹脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)材(cai)是(shi)一(yi)件很重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題。尤其(qi)是(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)國(guo)家重點(dian)工程，如果選(xuan)材(cai)合理不(bu)(bu)僅(jin)可(ke)以保證產品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量，更(geng)可(ke)有(you)效地(di)降低成(cheng)本、節約資源，避(bi)免(mian)由(you)于(yu)(yu)不(bu)(bu)必(bi)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量過剩而(er)造成(cheng)浪(lang)費，或由(you)于(yu)(yu)質(zhi)(zhi)量不(bu)(bu)足而(er)造成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工程事故。不(bu)(bu)飽和(he)聚(ju)酯(zhi)(zhi)樹脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工藝性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，包(bao)括(kuo)樹脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)粘度、膠凝時間、反應(ying)活性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng)(deng)液體(ti)樹脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)指(zhi)標，這些性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)指(zhi)標為(wei)用(yong)戶的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)成(cheng)型(xing)工藝提供了(le)參數。不(bu)(bu)飽和(he)聚(ju)酯(zhi)(zhi)樹脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內在性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)包(bao)括(kuo)樹脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)變性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(成(cheng)型(xing)收縮(suo)率)、機械(xie)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(拉伸、彎曲、沖擊、壓縮(suo)等(deng)(deng)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng))、熱(re)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、電性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)等(deng)(deng)，這些指(zhi)標是(shi)樹脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)交(jiao)聯固化后(hou)顯示出的(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，為(wei)樹脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)固化后(hou)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)應(ying)用(yong)場合提供了(le)參數。由(you)于(yu)(yu)一(yi)些應(ying)用(yong)商(shang)不(bu)(bu)太了(le)解樹脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，在樹脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)選(xuan)材(cai)上(shang)應(ying)避(bi)免(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)誤(wu)(wu)區(qu)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)選(xuan)購不(bu)(bu)飽聚(ju)酯(zhi)(zhi)樹脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)材(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)誤(wu)(wu)區(qu)，專家對(dui)(dui)(dui)避(bi)免(mian)誤(wu)(wu)區(qu)作(zuo)了(le)介(jie)紹(shao)。

指定所需樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分子結(jie)構(gou)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)長(chang)期(qi)以來(lai)(lai)，無論是(shi)(shi)樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)供應商還(huan)是(shi)(shi)樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)應用(yong)(yong)商，習(xi)慣(guan)于(yu)將不飽(bao)和聚酯樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)按分子結(jie)構(gou)分類(lei)(lei)(lei)，例如(ru)將樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)簡單地分為(wei)(wei)鄰苯(ben)(ben)型(xing)(xing)、間(jian)(jian)苯(ben)(ben)型(xing)(xing)、對苯(ben)(ben)型(xing)(xing)、雙(shuang)酚(fen)A型(xing)(xing)等(deng)。如(ru)前所述(shu)，產品的(de)(de)(de)(de)內在性(xing)能(固化(hua)(hua)后性(xing)能)除與配方中二元酸的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)有關外，還(huan)與二元醇(chun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇、投料(liao)比(醇(chun)酸比與雙(shuang)鍵比)、終點(dian)酸值、合成工藝(yi)等(deng)其它(ta)諸多因素有關。且(qie)目前國外的(de)(de)(de)(de)先進(jin)技(ji)術(shu)中，摻混樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)一(yi)種(zhong)有前途(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)合成樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)方法被廣泛應用(yong)(yong)。這種(zhong)方法是(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)各種(zhong)不同分子結(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)行混配，以期(qi)達到(dao)單一(yi)樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)不能達到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)佳性(xing)能，最(zui)大(da)限(xian)度地提高了樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)價比，給下游用(yong)(yong)戶提供了廣闊(kuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇空間(jian)(jian)，而這種(zhong)樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)不能簡單地用(yong)(yong)鄰苯(ben)(ben)或(huo)間(jian)(jian)苯(ben)(ben)型(xing)(xing)來(lai)(lai)分類(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。在ISO國際標準中，各種(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)UP-R之間(jian)(jian)是(shi)(shi)依(yi)據基礎(chu)聚合物的(de)(de)(de)(de)參數、可能的(de)(de)(de)(de)填料(liao)/增(zeng)強材料(liao)(種(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)和含量(liang))、預(yu)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成型(xing)(xing)方法、特殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能和用(yong)(yong)于(yu)加工目的(de)(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特性(xing)(工藝(yi)性(xing)能)進(jin)行分類(lei)(lei)(lei)，而不是(shi)(shi)根據樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分子結(jie)構(gou)來(lai)(lai)分類(lei)(lei)(lei).隨(sui)著中國深圳進(jin)入(ru)WTO，不飽(bao)和聚酯樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)分類(lei)(lei)(lei)要趨向于(yu)科學化(hua)(hua)、合理化(hua)(hua)和國際化(hua)(hua)，才有可能實現(xian)與國際接軌。

規(gui)定(ding)(ding)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全項(xiang)性(xing)(xing)能指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)。在一(yi)(yi)些資料(liao)中介紹(shao)不(bu)飽和(he)聚(ju)酯樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)能時(shi)(shi)，指(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)其(qi)(qi)固(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)可達(da)到(dao)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物理性(xing)(xing)能指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)，并給出(chu)了這些指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍。但是(shi)事(shi)實情(qing)況是(shi)很(hen)少有(you)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，能夠做(zuo)到(dao)各(ge)項(xiang)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)或多項(xiang)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)達(da)到(dao)這一(yi)(yi)范圍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)限，因(yin)為這些指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)本身是(shi)相互矛(mao)盾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。一(yi)(yi)般每(mei)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)類型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在性(xing)(xing)能方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)都(dou)有(you)其(qi)(qi)獨特的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)處，科學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)態度是(shi)針對(dui)自己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實際應(ying)用(yong)，考核樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所需要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要性(xing)(xing)能指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)，片面(mian)追求“高、大、全”是(shi)不(bu)可取的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。必須認識到(dao)沒有(you)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)十全十美的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“萬(wan)能材料(liao)”，不(bu)論何(he)種(zhong)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)都(dou)有(you)其(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)局(ju)限性(xing)(xing)都(dou)有(you)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適用(yong)范圍。關于指(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物理性(xing)(xing)能指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)而(er)不(bu)指(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)測試(shi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)，如前所述(shu)測試(shi)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)(xing)能時(shi)(shi)樣品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制作方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)，樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在固(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)熱處理時(shi)(shi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)短(duan)，處理溫(wen)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高低等因(yin)素都(dou)直接影響到(dao)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)內在性(xing)(xing)能指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測試(shi)值。在國內不(bu)飽和(he)聚(ju)酯樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)廠(chang)大多執行國家標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)GB/T8237-2005，這一(yi)(yi)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)在樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測試(shi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)中沒有(you)指(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)試(shi)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)固(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)，而(er)是(shi)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)按生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)廠(chang)指(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)度和(he)時(shi)(shi)間進行固(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)。如果樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)廠(chang)商執行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)GB/T8237-2005，就必須明(ming)確規(gui)定(ding)(ding)采用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)哪種(zhong)固(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)和(he)試(shi)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后(hou)(hou)(hou)處理方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)。同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)，不(bu)同(tong)(tong)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)廠(chang)商提(ti)供的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物理性(xing)(xing)能由于試(shi)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制備方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)而(er)沒有(you)橫(heng)向可比(bi)性(xing)(xing)。