一、電熱(re)水袋里面(mian)的液體(ti)是什(shen)么?

其實細心的人都會發現電熱水袋里的“水”并不是普通的水，它之所以能夠被加熱而且可以較長時間的保持熱度都是有它的奧妙的。那么到底電熱水袋里面是什么呢？很多手腳易發涼的人幾乎是整個冬天電熱水袋不離身的，電熱水袋很神奇，一插電就熱了，有很多人覺得其實電熱水袋就是燒開水，那么就錯了。

電熱水袋里面(mian)是(shi)什么(me)呢(ni)？其實是(shi)鐵(tie)粉或(huo)鐵(tie)氧體，電(dian)熱(re)(re)水(shui)袋是(shi)靠電(dian)磁(ci)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)磁(ci)的(de)(de)(de)(de)東西是(shi)封閉起來的(de)(de)(de)(de)，是(shi)為(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)防止(zhi)漏電(dian)，如果通了(le)(le)電(dian)以后就產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)磁(ci)場，鐵(tie)和磁(ci)是(shi)相互反應的(de)(de)(de)(de)，使所謂(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)里面(mian)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)渦流和磁(ci)滯(zhi)然后就產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)了(le)(le)熱(re)(re)能，和變壓器(qi)為(wei)(wei)什么(me)會發熱(re)(re)是(shi)相關的(de)(de)(de)(de)都是(shi)因為(wei)(wei)磁(ci)滯(zhi)和渦流而熱(re)(re)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，人們把變壓器(qi)做成一片(pian)(pian)一片(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)硅剛片(pian)(pian)就是(shi)為(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)減小(xiao)磁(ci)滯(zhi)和渦流的(de)(de)(de)(de)，從而提高效率的(de)(de)(de)(de)，而熱(re)(re)水(shui)袋則是(shi)相反的(de)(de)(de)(de)。

該圖片由注冊用戶"溫溫潤澤"提供，版權聲明反饋

二、電熱水袋的工作原理

電(dian)(dian)熱水(shui)(shui)(shui)袋里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)飽和(he)(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)。在(zai)(zai)某種(zhong)溫(wen)度(du)下，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)在(zai)(zai)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)劑中的(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)(xing)是不變的(de)(de)(de)(de)，例如(ru)食鹽(yan)在(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)(xing)在(zai)(zai)室溫(wen)時(shi)是36g/100mL水(shui)(shui)(shui)。當(dang)(dang)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)與(yu)其可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)(xing)相等時(shi)，這種(zhong)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)便稱為(wei)飽和(he)(he)(he)液(ye)(ye)(ye)；而當(dang)(dang)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)度(du)比其可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)(xing)還要高的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候，這種(zhong)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)便稱為(wei)過(guo)飽和(he)(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)。暖(nuan)手(shou)袋里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)液(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)就是過(guo)飽和(he)(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)醋酸鈉。由于(yu)過(guo)飽和(he)(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)太高，當(dang)(dang)扭曲金屬的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候,所產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)輕微(wei)震動便足以使(shi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)結晶(jing)，變成(cheng)較穩定的(de)(de)(de)(de)固體(ti)。然(ran)而，這個過(guo)程(cheng)是放熱的(de)(de)(de)(de)，所以暖(nuan)手(shou)袋告開(kai)始暖(nuan)起來(lai)。只要把充(chong)電(dian)(dian)熱水(shui)(shui)(shui)袋放入(ru)沸水(shui)(shui)(shui)中加(jia)熱約10分鐘，凝結了的(de)(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)便會再(zai)次(ci)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)解(jie)；這是由于(yu)在(zai)(zai)高溫(wen)下，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)(xing)增加(jia)。在(zai)(zai)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)解(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)進行吸熱反應，再(zai)次(ci)成(cheng)為(wei)過(guo)飽和(he)(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)。

三、電熱水袋分類

按產品結構分類

電暖寶產品(pin)按(an)有電熱(re)餅、電熱(re)水袋和電暖式暖手寶。

固體電熱餅

其(qi)填充是(shi)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)棉(mian)(mian)(如：陶瓷(ci)棉(mian)(mian)等其(qi)他的(de))，使用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)絲加(jia)熱(re)(re)，將熱(re)(re)量傳(chuan)遞給(gei)石棉(mian)(mian)或玻璃纖維保(bao)熱(re)(re)。工作原理是(shi)：用(yong)雙控溫(wen)(wen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)儲能(neng)式結構,逐漸釋放熱(re)(re)能(neng)。內(nei)設自動過熱(re)(re)保(bao)護裝(zhuang)置及自動保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)指(zhi)示裝(zhuang)置，一(yi)(yi)個由(you)PTC熱(re)(re)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻開關控制的(de)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)爐，PTC是(shi)正溫(wen)(wen)度系數的(de)熱(re)(re)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)流通(tong)過時(shi)(shi)自身(shen)會(hui)發熱(re)(re)(電(dian)(dian)(dian)爐的(de)熱(re)(re)量也會(hui)傳(chuan)導給(gei)它的(de))，當溫(wen)(wen)度到達一(yi)(yi)定(ding)值時(shi)(shi)，它的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻會(hui)急劇(ju)增大，可以視(shi)為斷(duan)開，此時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)寶減(jian)少(shao)消耗的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，之后靠保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)棉(mian)(mian)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)來緩慢放熱(re)(re)。這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)寶保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)時(shi)(shi)間長，缺(que)點(dian)是(shi)它無法徹(che)底切斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路，為了預防萬一(yi)(yi)，加(jia)熱(re)(re)時(shi)(shi)不可離人(ren)，且加(jia)熱(re)(re)完成后溫(wen)(wen)度較(jiao)高，在使用(yong)時(shi)(shi)必(bi)須套上布袋(dai)，以免燙傷。目前，市面上的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)寶很少(shao)使用(yong)這種控制方(fang)式。

電熱水袋

軟質液體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)寶使(shi)用新技(ji)術儲(chu)能發熱(re)(re)劑，加熱(re)(re)升溫迅速。一次性注水(shui)(shui)，永久使(shi)用，獨特(te)防爆(bao)免燙和(he)溫控保護裝置；使(shi)用壽(shou)命長(chang)：保溫持(chi)久等優勢。由(you)于(yu)(yu)用戶無需注水(shui)(shui)即可(ke)直接使(shi)用，免去了傳(chuan)統(tong)熱(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)袋(dai)頻繁換水(shui)(shui)帶來的(de)麻煩和(he)不安全。從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)袋(dai)的(de)發熱(re)(re)原理看，這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暖寶有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極式和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)元(yuan)件(jian)式兩大(da)類。其中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暖寶由(you)于(yu)(yu)兩個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(或螺(luo)絲)直接裸露在水(shui)(shui)中，造(zao)成的(de)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)風險也很大(da)。

電池式暖手寶

這(zhe)種產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)使用(yong)內置鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)亦或(huo)是(shi)使用(yong)5號(hao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)進(jin)行供電(dian)(dian)驅動，利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)產(chan)生熱(re)量的原理進(jin)行暖手。目(mu)前該款產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)在2010年由(you)(you)日本三洋公司在世界率先推出，之(zhi)后尤其(qi)是(shi)2011年冬開(kai)始被(bei)眾多廠家(jia)模仿(fang)，但產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質一(yi)直未被(bei)超越。這(zhe)種產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)對比(bi)前兩(liang)種類型，加熱(re)不(bu)受市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)供電(dian)(dian)加熱(re)的約束(shu)，可將溫(wen)度迅速提升(sheng)至40℃以內，對于內置鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)型可以充滿電(dian)(dian)以備(bei)需要時(shi)開(kai)啟使用(yong)，而采用(yong)5號(hao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)型則更方便隨時(shi)隨地(di)更換(huan)，尤其(qi)適合外(wai)出。產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)優點(dian)：隨時(shi)隨地(di)取(qu)暖，不(bu)受市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)影響，體積(ji)輕巧，恒溫(wen)加熱(re)在40℃人體正常取(qu)暖所需的安全溫(wen)度以內，十分安全;缺點(dian)：由(you)(you)于產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)體積(ji)小(xiao)巧，直接(jie)導致電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)容(rong)量不(bu)理想(xiang)，導熱(re)時(shi)間不(bu)夠長，通常最長為1小(xiao)時(shi)(高于此值，均為虛(xu)假宣傳)，由(you)(you)于體積(ji)小(xiao)，無法大(da)面積(ji)取(qu)暖。

按發熱原理分類

電(dian)暖寶(bao)分為電(dian)極式(shi)和電(dian)熱(re)絲式(shi)兩(liang)種。其中，電(dian)極式(shi)電(dian)暖寶(bao)中有(you)正負兩(liang)個電(dian)極，直接(jie)和袋(dai)中的液(ye)體(ti)(電(dian)解質溶液(ye))接(jie)觸(chu)，電(dian)極通電(dian)后(hou)，溶液(ye)就(jiu)帶電(dian)加熱(re)，加熱(re)時間較(jiao)短(約2～8分鐘)，但液(ye)體(ti)膨脹較(jiao)快，容易(yi)爆炸(zha)。電(dian)熱(re)絲式(shi)電(dian)暖寶(bao)中有(you)一個絕緣體(ti)線圈，摸上去(qu)體(ti)積比(bi)電(dian)極式(shi)發熱(re)體(ti)明顯(xian)要大(da)。