一(yi)、電熱水袋里面的液體(ti)是什么?

其實細心的人都會發現電熱水袋里的“水”并不是普通的水，它之所以能夠被加熱而且可以較長時間的保持熱度都是有它的奧妙的。那么到底電熱水袋里面是什么呢？很多手腳易發涼的人幾乎是整個冬天電熱水袋不離身的，電熱水袋很神奇，一插電就熱了，有很多人覺得其實電熱水袋就是燒開水，那么就錯了。

電熱水袋里(li)面(mian)是(shi)什么(me)呢？其實是(shi)鐵粉或鐵氧體，電熱(re)水(shui)袋(dai)是(shi)靠電磁產(chan)生(sheng)的熱(re)能的產(chan)生(sheng)電磁的東西是(shi)封(feng)閉起來的，是(shi)為了(le)防(fang)止漏(lou)電，如果通了(le)電以后就(jiu)產(chan)生(sheng)磁場，鐵和(he)(he)磁是(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)互反(fan)應的，使所謂的水(shui)里(li)面(mian)產(chan)生(sheng)渦(wo)流和(he)(he)磁滯然后就(jiu)產(chan)生(sheng)了(le)熱(re)能，和(he)(he)變壓(ya)器為什么(me)會(hui)發熱(re)是(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)的都是(shi)因為磁滯和(he)(he)渦(wo)流而熱(re)的，人們(men)把變壓(ya)器做成(cheng)一片一片的硅剛片就(jiu)是(shi)為了(le)減小磁滯和(he)(he)渦(wo)流的，從而提(ti)高(gao)效率(lv)的，而熱(re)水(shui)袋(dai)則(ze)是(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)反(fan)的。

該圖片由注冊用戶"溫溫潤澤"提供，版權聲明反饋

二、電熱水袋的工作原理

電熱(re)水(shui)袋里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)飽(bao)(bao)和(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)。在(zai)某種(zhong)溫(wen)度(du)(du)下，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)在(zai)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)劑中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性是(shi)不變(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，例(li)如食(shi)鹽(yan)在(zai)水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性在(zai)室溫(wen)時(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)36g/100mL水(shui)。當溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)度(du)(du)與其可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性相等(deng)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，這(zhe)種(zhong)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)便稱為(wei)飽(bao)(bao)和(he)液(ye)；而(er)當溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)度(du)(du)比其可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性還(huan)要高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)候，這(zhe)種(zhong)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)便稱為(wei)過(guo)飽(bao)(bao)和(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)。暖手(shou)袋里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)液(ye)體就是(shi)過(guo)飽(bao)(bao)和(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)醋酸鈉。由(you)于過(guo)飽(bao)(bao)和(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)度(du)(du)太高，當扭曲金屬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)候,所產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輕微震動便足(zu)以使溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)結(jie)晶，變(bian)成較穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)固體。然而(er)，這(zhe)個過(guo)程(cheng)是(shi)放熱(re)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，所以暖手(shou)袋告開(kai)始暖起來(lai)。只要把充電熱(re)水(shui)袋放入(ru)沸(fei)水(shui)中加(jia)熱(re)約10分鐘，凝結(jie)了的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)便會再次(ci)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)解(jie)；這(zhe)是(shi)由(you)于在(zai)高溫(wen)下，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性增加(jia)。在(zai)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)解(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)進行吸熱(re)反應，再次(ci)成為(wei)過(guo)飽(bao)(bao)和(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)。

三、電熱水袋分類

按產品結構分類

電(dian)暖寶產品按(an)有電(dian)熱餅、電(dian)熱水袋(dai)和電(dian)暖式暖手寶。

固體電熱餅

其填充是保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)棉(mian)(mian)(如：陶瓷棉(mian)(mian)等其他的(de)(de)(de))，使用(yong)電(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)絲加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)，將熱(re)(re)(re)量傳(chuan)(chuan)遞給石棉(mian)(mian)或玻(bo)璃纖維保(bao)熱(re)(re)(re)。工作原理(li)是：用(yong)雙(shuang)控溫(wen)(wen)電(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)儲能式結構,逐漸(jian)釋放熱(re)(re)(re)能。內設自動過熱(re)(re)(re)保(bao)護裝(zhuang)置及(ji)自動保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)指(zhi)示(shi)裝(zhuang)置，一個由PTC熱(re)(re)(re)敏電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)開(kai)(kai)關控制的(de)(de)(de)小電(dian)(dian)爐，PTC是正溫(wen)(wen)度系數的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)敏電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)，當(dang)(dang)電(dian)(dian)流通(tong)過時(shi)自身會發(fa)熱(re)(re)(re)(電(dian)(dian)爐的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)量也會傳(chuan)(chuan)導給它的(de)(de)(de))，當(dang)(dang)溫(wen)(wen)度到達一定值時(shi)，它的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)會急劇增大，可(ke)(ke)以視為(wei)斷開(kai)(kai)，此時(shi)電(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)寶(bao)(bao)減少消耗的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)能，之(zhi)后靠保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)棉(mian)(mian)對電(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)來緩慢放熱(re)(re)(re)。這(zhe)(zhe)種電(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)寶(bao)(bao)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)時(shi)間(jian)長，缺點是它無法徹(che)底(di)切(qie)斷電(dian)(dian)路，為(wei)了預(yu)防萬(wan)一，加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)時(shi)不可(ke)(ke)離人，且加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)完(wan)成后溫(wen)(wen)度較高，在使用(yong)時(shi)必須套上(shang)布袋(dai)，以免燙傷。目前，市(shi)面上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)寶(bao)(bao)很少使用(yong)這(zhe)(zhe)種控制方式。

電熱水袋

軟(ruan)質(zhi)液體電(dian)(dian)熱(re)寶使用(yong)(yong)新技術(shu)儲(chu)能發(fa)熱(re)劑，加熱(re)升溫迅速。一次性注(zhu)水(shui)，永久(jiu)使用(yong)(yong)，獨特防爆免燙和溫控保(bao)護裝置；使用(yong)(yong)壽命長：保(bao)溫持(chi)久(jiu)等優勢。由(you)于用(yong)(yong)戶無需(xu)注(zhu)水(shui)即可直接(jie)(jie)使用(yong)(yong)，免去了(le)傳統(tong)熱(re)水(shui)袋頻(pin)繁換(huan)水(shui)帶來(lai)的麻煩和不安全。從電(dian)(dian)熱(re)水(shui)袋的發(fa)熱(re)原理看，這(zhe)種電(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)寶有電(dian)(dian)極式和電(dian)(dian)熱(re)元件式兩(liang)大類(lei)。其(qi)中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)極式電(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)寶由(you)于兩(liang)個電(dian)(dian)極(或螺絲)直接(jie)(jie)裸(luo)露在水(shui)中(zhong)，造成的漏電(dian)(dian)風險也很大。

電池式暖手寶

這種產(chan)品(pin)(pin)使(shi)用內(nei)置(zhi)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)亦或是使(shi)用5號電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行供電(dian)(dian)(dian)驅(qu)動，利用電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻產(chan)生熱(re)量(liang)(liang)的(de)原理(li)進行暖手。目前(qian)該(gai)款產(chan)品(pin)(pin)在2010年由(you)日本三(san)洋公司在世(shi)界率先推出(chu)，之后尤其是2011年冬開始被(bei)眾多(duo)廠家模仿(fang)，但產(chan)品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)質一直(zhi)未被(bei)超越(yue)。這種產(chan)品(pin)(pin)對(dui)比前(qian)兩種類型，加(jia)熱(re)不(bu)受市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)加(jia)熱(re)的(de)約束，可(ke)將溫度迅(xun)速提升至40℃以(yi)內(nei)，對(dui)于(yu)(yu)內(nei)置(zhi)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)型可(ke)以(yi)充滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)以(yi)備需(xu)要時開啟(qi)使(shi)用，而采用5號電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)型則更方便隨時隨地更換，尤其適合外出(chu)。產(chan)品(pin)(pin)優點：隨時隨地取(qu)暖，不(bu)受市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)影響，體積(ji)輕巧，恒(heng)溫加(jia)熱(re)在40℃人體正常取(qu)暖所需(xu)的(de)安全溫度以(yi)內(nei)，十分安全;缺點：由(you)于(yu)(yu)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)體積(ji)小(xiao)巧，直(zhi)接導(dao)致電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量(liang)(liang)不(bu)理(li)想，導(dao)熱(re)時間不(bu)夠長，通常最(zui)長為1小(xiao)時(高于(yu)(yu)此(ci)值(zhi)，均為虛(xu)假宣傳)，由(you)于(yu)(yu)體積(ji)小(xiao)，無法大面積(ji)取(qu)暖。

按發熱原理分類

電(dian)(dian)暖寶分(fen)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)極式和(he)電(dian)(dian)熱絲式兩(liang)種(zhong)。其中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)極式電(dian)(dian)暖寶中(zhong)有(you)正負兩(liang)個電(dian)(dian)極，直接和(he)袋中(zhong)的液體(ti)(電(dian)(dian)解質溶(rong)液)接觸，電(dian)(dian)極通電(dian)(dian)后，溶(rong)液就帶電(dian)(dian)加熱，加熱時間較短(約2～8分(fen)鐘)，但液體(ti)膨脹較快，容易爆(bao)炸(zha)。電(dian)(dian)熱絲式電(dian)(dian)暖寶中(zhong)有(you)一個絕緣體(ti)線圈，摸(mo)上去體(ti)積比電(dian)(dian)極式發(fa)熱體(ti)明顯要大。