電蚊拍是什么原理
電(dian)(dian)蚊拍(pai)的(de)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)主要由(you)高頻振(zhen)蕩電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)、三倍壓(ya)整流電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)和高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)擊網(wang)DW三部分(fen)組(zu)成(cheng)。當(dang)按下電(dian)(dian)源開關SB時(shi),由(you)三極(ji)管(guan)VT和變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)T構成(cheng)的(de)高頻振(zhen)蕩器(qi)(qi)通電(dian)(dian)工作,把3V直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)變成(cheng)18kHz左右的(de)高頻交流電(dian)(dian),經(jing)T升壓(ya)到約500V(L3兩(liang)端(duan)實測),再經(jing)二極(ji)管(guan)VD2~VD4、電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)C1~C3三倍壓(ya)整流升高到1500V左右,加到蚊拍(pai)的(de)金屬網(wang)DW上。
當蚊(wen)蠅(ying)觸及電(dian)(dian)(dian)蚊(wen)拍金屬網絲時,蟲(chong)體造(zao)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)網短路(lu)(lu),即會(hui)被電(dian)(dian)(dian)流、電(dian)(dian)(dian)弧殺灼或擊暈、擊斃。電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)中,發光二極(ji)管VD1和限流電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻器(qi)R1構成指示燈電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu),用來(lai)指示電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)通(tong)斷狀態及顯示電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能的耗(hao)損情況。
如何制作電蚊拍
一、元器件選擇
1、晶體(ti)管(guan)(guan)VT選用(yong)(yong)2N5609型硅NPN中(zhong)功率三極管(guan)(guan),亦可(ke)用(yong)(yong)8050、9013型等常用(yong)(yong)三極管(guan)(guan)代替。VD1用(yong)(yong)φ3mm紅色發光二極管(guan)(guan),VD2~VD4用(yong)(yong)1N4007型硅整(zheng)流二極管(guan)(guan)。
2、R1~R3均用(yong)RTX-1/8W型碳(tan)膜電(dian)阻(zu)器(qi)(qi)。C1~C3一律用(yong)CL11-630V型滌綸電(dian)容器(qi)(qi),SB用(yong)6mm×6mm立(li)式微(wei)型輕觸開(kai)關。G用(yong)5號(hao)干電(dian)池兩節串聯(配塑料電(dian)池架)而成,電(dian)壓3V。
3、高頻變壓器T需要自制,選用2E19型鐵(tie)氧(yang)體(ti)磁芯及配套(tao)塑料骨(gu)架(jia),L1用φ0.22mm漆包線繞(rao)22匝(za)(za),L2用同號線繞(rao)8匝(za)(za),L3用φ0.08mm漆包線繞(rao)1400匝(za)(za)左右。注意圖中(zhong)黑點為同名(ming)端,頭尾順序繞(rao),繞(rao)組(zu)間墊一、二層薄絕緣(yuan)紙。
二、電路焊接
1、準備一份電(dian)蚊拍(pai)的印制電(dian)路板焊(han)接圖,印制電(dian)路板最好(hao)采用環氧基(ji)質(zhi)單(dan)面(mian)銅箔板制作,實際尺寸(cun)約為56mm×28mm。
2、整(zheng)個電蚊拍可用舊的非金屬羽毛球(qiu)拍作骨架(jia)組裝,拆掉羽毛球(qiu)拍上原有(you)的網線(xian)和(he)手柄,按(an)電路板焊接圖所示用φ1mm左(zuo)右鍍(du)鋅鐵(tie)絲(si)在球(qiu)拍上平行(xing)布線(xian),間距不(bu)大于4mm。
3、兩(liang)組網線可(ke)有(you)意布(bu)在不同平面上,這樣可(ke)避免(mian)因人手誤碰網線而(er)發生(sheng)的電擊(ji)現象(xiang),但(dan)對電擊(ji)蚊蠅(ying)效果無(wu)影響。
4、用180mm×35mm×20mm塑料盒或φ35mm×180mm硬塑料管加工制成手柄(bing),將(jiang)電路(lu)板、電池架裝入,并在(zai)合(he)適(shi)位置(zhi)處(chu)開孔(kong)固定按鈕開關SB和發光二極管VD1。
5、最后用熱(re)熔(rong)膠固定網拍(pai),把網拍(pai)兩電(dian)(dian)極引線焊在電(dian)(dian)路板(ban)上R3兩端即成(cheng)。只要焊裝正確(que)無誤(wu),無須(xu)任何調(diao)試便可投(tou)入使用。
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