起重機械分類 起重機械安全規(gui)程對起重機的檢驗時間的規(gui)定

起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)作業是(shi)(shi)(shi)將機(ji)(ji)械(xie)設備或其他物(wu)(wu)件(jian)從一個(ge)地(di)(di)方運送(song)到(dao)(dao)另一個(ge)地(di)(di)方的(de)一種工(gong)(gong)(gong)業過程。多數起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)在吊(diao)具取料(liao)(liao)之后(hou)即開始(shi)垂(chui)直(zhi)或垂(chui)直(zhi)兼有(you)水(shui)平的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作行(xing)程，到(dao)(dao)達目(mu)的(de)地(di)(di)后(hou)卸(xie)載，再空行(xing)程到(dao)(dao)取料(liao)(liao)地(di)(di)點，完成一個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作循環，然(ran)后(hou)再進(jin)行(xing)第二次吊(diao)運。一般來說，起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作時,取料(liao)(liao)、運移和(he)卸(xie)載是(shi)(shi)(shi)依次進(jin)行(xing)的(de),各(ge)相(xiang)應機(ji)(ji)構的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作是(shi)(shi)(shi)間歇(xie)性的(de)。起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)主要用于搬運成件(jian)物(wu)(wu)品，配備抓斗后(hou)可(ke)搬運煤炭、礦石、糧食之類的(de)散狀物(wu)(wu)料(liao)(liao)，配備盛桶后(hou)可(ke)吊(diao)運鋼水(shui)等(deng)液態物(wu)(wu)料(liao)(liao)。有(you)些起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)如(ru)(ru)電梯(ti)也可(ke)用來載人。在某些使用場合，起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)設備還是(shi)(shi)(shi)主要的(de)作業機(ji)(ji)械(xie)，例(li)如(ru)(ru)在港口和(he)車(che)站裝卸(xie)物(wu)(wu)料(liao)(liao)的(de)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)主要的(de)作業機(ji)(ji)械(xie)。

起重機械分類

起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機械按結構不同可分(fen)為(wei)輕(qing)小(xiao)型起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)設備、升(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)機、起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機和(he)架(jia)空(kong)單軌(gui)(gui)系統等幾類。輕(qing)小(xiao)型起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)設備主要包括起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)滑車(che)、吊具(ju)(ju)、千斤頂、手動(dong)葫(hu)蘆(lu)、電動(dong)葫(hu)蘆(lu)和(he)普(pu)通絞車(che)，大多體(ti)積小(xiao)、重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量輕(qing)、使用(yong)方便。除(chu)電動(dong)葫(hu)蘆(lu)和(he)絞車(che)外(wai)，絕(jue)大多數用(yong)人力驅動(dong)，適用(yong)于工作(zuo)不繁(fan)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)場合(he)。它們可以(yi)單獨使用(yong)，有(you)的(de)(de)也可作(zuo)為(wei)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)升(sheng)機構。有(you)些輕(qing)小(xiao)型起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)設備的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)能(neng)力很(hen)大，如液壓千斤頂的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量已達 750噸。升(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)機主要作(zuo)垂(chui)直或(huo)近于垂(chui)直的(de)(de)升(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)運動(dong)，具(ju)(ju)有(you)固定的(de)(de)升(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)路(lu)線，包括電梯、升(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)臺、礦井提(ti)升(sheng)機和(he)料(liao)斗升(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)機等。起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機是在(zai)一定范圍內(nei)垂(chui)直提(ti)升(sheng)并水平搬運重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)物(wu)的(de)(de)多動(dong)作(zuo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機械。架(jia)空(kong)單軌(gui)(gui)系統具(ju)(ju)有(you)剛性吊掛(gua)軌(gui)(gui)道所形(xing)成的(de)(de)線路(lu)，能(neng)把物(wu)料(liao)運輸到廠房(fang)各部分(fen)，也可擴展到廠房(fang)的(de)(de)外(wai)部。

起重機械安全規程對起重機的檢驗時間的規定

(1）按起(qi)重機(ji)有關(guan)標準(zhun)要求進(jin)行(xing)檢驗的是：正常的起(qi)重機(ji)，每(mei)兩年進(jin)行(xing)一次；經(jing)過大修、新安裝及改選過的起(qi)重機(ji)，在(zai)交付使(shi)用前(qian)進(jin)行(xing)；閑置時間超過一年的起(qi)重機(ji)，在(zai)重新使(shi)用前(qian)；經(jing)過暴風、大地震、重大事故后，可能使(shi)強度、剛度、構件的穩定性(xing)、機(ji)構的重要性(xing)受(shou)到損傷的起(qi)重機(ji)使(shi)用前(qian)進(jin)行(xing)檢驗。

(2）經常性檢查。應(ying)(ying)根據(ju)工作(zuo)繁重(zhong)、環境惡(e)劣的(de)(de)程(cheng)度確定檢查周(zhou)期，但(dan)不(bu)得少于(yu)每月(yue)一(yi)次。一(yi)般(ban)應(ying)(ying)包括(kuo)：起重(zhong)機(ji)正常工作(zuo)的(de)(de)技術性能；所有安全防護裝置(zhi)；線(xian)路、罐、容器(qi)閥、泵(beng)、液壓或氣(qi)動(dong)的(de)(de)其(qi)他部件(jian)的(de)(de)泄漏情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)及工作(zuo)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)；吊鉤、吊鉤螺母及防松裝置(zhi)；制動(dong)器(qi)性能及零件(jian)的(de)(de)磨(mo)(mo)損情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)；鋼絲繩磨(mo)(mo)損和尾端的(de)(de)固定情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)；鏈條的(de)(de)磨(mo)(mo)損、變形(xing)、伸長情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)；捆綁、吊掛鏈和鋼絲繩及輔具(ju)等。

(3）定期檢查。應根據工作繁(fan)重、環(huan)境惡劣的程(cheng)度，確定檢查周期，但不得少于每(mei)年一次；一般應包括：在（2）項中(zhong)經常性檢查的內容；金屬結(jie)構(gou)的變(bian)形、裂紋(wen)、腐蝕及焊縫、鉚釘、螺栓等連接情況主要(yao)零部件的磨損、裂紋(wen)、變(bian)形等情況；指示裝置的可靠性和精(jing)度；動力系統和控制器等。