一、一次電池是什么意思
一次電池,也叫一次性電池,是(shi)指放(fang)電結束后不(bu)能(neng)再(zai)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)充電使(shi)其復原,再(zai)度使(shi)用的電池,這種電池通(tong)(tong)常只能(neng)一次性使(shi)用,無法通(tong)(tong)過(guo)充電或其它方式將(jiang)原有電能(neng)補充回來。
一(yi)(yi)次(ci)電池(chi)一(yi)(yi)般用完即廢,這一(yi)(yi)特(te)性是它的(de)電池(chi)反應(ying)(ying)或電極(ji)反應(ying)(ying)的(de)不可逆(ni)性或條件(jian),限制使電池(chi)反應(ying)(ying)很難可逆(ni)地進行所(suo)決定的(de)。
二、干電池是一次性電池嗎
是的。
干電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)原(yuan)理是(shi)利用(yong)(yong)氧化(hua)(hua)還原(yuan)反應(ying)將(jiang)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)能轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)為電(dian)能,這(zhe)一(yi)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)反應(ying)是(shi)不可逆的(de)(de),不能進行充電(dian)和放電(dian)循環(huan)使用(yong)(yong),因此屬于一(yi)次性(xing)電(dian)池(chi)。除了干電(dian)池(chi)外,常見的(de)(de)碳鋅電(dian)池(chi)、堿性(xing)電(dian)池(chi)、水銀電(dian)池(chi)、鋅空(kong)氣電(dian)池(chi)等都屬于一(yi)次電(dian)池(chi)。
三、一次電池和二次電池的區別
和一次電(dian)池相(xiang)對的(de),二次電(dian)池就(jiu)是指可以通過充電(dian)或(huo)其他(ta)方式(shi)補(bu)充電(dian)能的(de)電(dian)池,這兩種(zhong)電(dian)池的(de)區別主要有(you):
1、二次(ci)電池在放電時電極(ji)體(ti)積和結構之間發(fa)生可逆變化(hua)(hua),而一次(ci)電池內部則簡單得多,因為它不需(xu)要調節這些(xie)可逆性變化(hua)(hua)。
2、一次電(dian)(dian)池的質量(liang)比(bi)容量(liang)和體積比(bi)容量(liang)均大(da)(da)于普通充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池,但內阻遠比(bi)二次電(dian)(dian)池大(da)(da),因此負(fu)載能力較低。
3、一次電池的自放電遠(yuan)小于(yu)二次(ci)電池(chi)(chi)。一次(ci)電池(chi)(chi)只(zhi)能放電一次(ci),如,堿性(xing)電池(chi)(chi)和碳性(xing)電池(chi)(chi)就屬于(yu)此(ci)類,二次(ci)電池(chi)(chi)可(ke)反(fan)復(fu)循環使(shi)用。
4、一(yi)次電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內阻遠大(da)二次電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi),其大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)性能亦不及二次電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi),在(zai)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)、間歇性放電(dian)(dian)(dian)的條件下,一(yi)次電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的質量比容量大(da)于普通(tong)二次電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi),但當放電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)大(da)于800mAh,則(ze)一(yi)次電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的容量優勢(shi)就會明(ming)顯減小。
5、二次(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)相對一(yi)次(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)更環保。一(yi)次(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使(shi)用后就(jiu)(jiu)必須廢(fei)(fei)棄,而充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可(ke)反復(fu)使(shi)用,符(fu)合國家標準的(de)(de)次(ci)世代充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)通(tong)常可(ke)反復(fu)使(shi)用1000次(ci)以(yi)上,也就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)說充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)產生的(de)(de)廢(fei)(fei)棄物(wu)不(bu)到(dao)一(yi)次(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)1000分之1,不(bu)論(lun)從減少(shao)廢(fei)(fei)棄物(wu)還是(shi)從資源利用及(ji)經濟的(de)(de)角度來考慮,二次(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)優(you)越性都是(shi)十分明顯的(de)(de)。