北京(jing)有著三千余(yu)年的建城史和八百(bai)五(wu)十余(yu)年的建都史，民國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)時期(qi)，稱(cheng)北平。新(xin)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)成(cheng)立(li)后(hou)，是中(zhong)(zhong)華人民共和國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的首都，簡稱(cheng)“京(jing)”，現為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)四個中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)直轄市之一，全國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)第二大城市及政治(zhi)(zhi)、交通和文(wen)化中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)。北京(jing)是中(zhong)(zhong)華人民共和國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)首都、中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)直轄市、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)城市，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)政治(zhi)(zhi)、文(wen)化、教(jiao)育(yu)和國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際交流中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)。