經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)緯(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)儀(yi)(yi)是測(ce)量(liang)工作中的主要測(ce)角(jiao)儀(yi)(yi)器(qi)。由望遠鏡、水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)度(du)(du)(du)(du)盤(pan)(pan)、豎(shu)(shu)直度(du)(du)(du)(du)盤(pan)(pan)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)準(zhun)(zhun)器(qi)、基座(zuo)等組成。測(ce)量(liang)時，將(jiang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)緯(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)儀(yi)(yi)安置(zhi)在三(san)腳架上，用(yong)垂球或光(guang)(guang)學(xue)對點(dian)器(qi)將(jiang)儀(yi)(yi)器(qi)中心對準(zhun)(zhun)地面(mian)測(ce)站點(dian)上，用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)準(zhun)(zhun)器(qi)將(jiang)儀(yi)(yi)器(qi)定平(ping)，用(yong)望遠鏡瞄準(zhun)(zhun)測(ce)量(liang)目標(biao)，用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)度(du)(du)(du)(du)盤(pan)(pan)和豎(shu)(shu)直度(du)(du)(du)(du)盤(pan)(pan)測(ce)定水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)角(jiao)和豎(shu)(shu)直角(jiao)。按精度(du)(du)(du)(du)分(fen)為(wei)精密經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)緯(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)儀(yi)(yi)和普通經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)緯(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)儀(yi)(yi)；按讀數設備可(ke)(ke)分(fen)為(wei)光(guang)(guang)學(xue)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)緯(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)儀(yi)(yi)和游標(biao)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)緯(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)儀(yi)(yi)；按軸系構造分(fen)為(wei)復測(ce)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)緯(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)儀(yi)(yi)和方向經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)緯(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)儀(yi)(yi)。此外，有可(ke)(ke)自(zi)動按編(bian)碼穿孔記錄度(du)(du)(du)(du)盤(pan)(pan)讀數的編(bian)碼度(du)(du)(du)(du)盤(pan)(pan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)緯(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)儀(yi)(yi)；可(ke)(ke)連續自(zi)動瞄準(zhun)(zhun)空中目標(biao)的自(zi)動跟蹤經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)緯(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)儀(yi)(yi)；利用(yong)陀螺(luo)定向原理迅速獨立測(ce)定地面(mian)點(dian)方位的陀螺(luo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)緯(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)儀(yi)(yi)和激光(guang)(guang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)緯(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)儀(yi)(yi)；具(ju)有經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)緯(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)儀(yi)(yi)、子午儀(yi)(yi)和天頂儀(yi)(yi)三(san)種作用(yong)的供(gong)天文觀測(ce)的全(quan)能經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)緯(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)儀(yi)(yi)；將(jiang)攝影(ying)機與經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)緯(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)儀(yi)(yi)結合一起供(gong)地面(mian)攝影(ying)測(ce)量(liang)用(yong)的攝影(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)緯(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)儀(yi)(yi)等。