旋轉樓梯通常稱為螺旋形或螺旋式樓梯,通常是圍繞一根單柱布置。由于其流線造型美觀、典雅,節省空間而受歡迎。現在(zai),在(zai)各種(zhong)(zhong)建筑設計中旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)樓梯使用(yong)的越來越多,主(zhu)要是為了適應建筑空間和(he)美觀(guan)的要求。旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)樓梯主(zhu)要分(fen)為兩種(zhong)(zhong):
一、懸臂式旋轉樓(lou)梯:這種樓(lou)梯比(bi)較簡單,主(zhu)要(yao)是利用中間鋼柱(zhu)(zhu)支(zhi)撐,樓(lou)梯踏(ta)步(bu)梁(liang)焊接在(zai)鋼柱(zhu)(zhu)上。鋼柱(zhu)(zhu)一般采用鋼管,要(yao)求柱(zhu)(zhu)底剛接。在(zai)計算時(shi)要(yao)求考慮均(jun)布荷載(zai)(zai)施加在(zai)踏(ta)步(bu)梁(liang)上時(shi),對結構(gou)的(de)作用,同時(shi)考慮不(bu)均(jun)勻(yun)荷載(zai)(zai)施加時(shi)對鋼柱(zhu)(zhu)產(chan)生的(de)彎(wan)矩(ju)對柱(zhu)(zhu)底的(de)作用能(neng)否滿足。鋼柱(zhu)(zhu)的(de)軸(zhou)心壓力承載(zai)(zai)能(neng)力是很強的(de),因此設計的(de)關鍵在(zai)于樓(lou)梯踏(ta) 步(bu)梁(liang)的(de)支(zhi)撐力核算,和鋼柱(zhu)(zhu)在(zai)偏心荷載(zai)(zai)作用下的(de)承載(zai)(zai)能(neng)力。
二(er)、板(ban)(ban)式(shi)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)樓(lou)梯(ti):這(zhe)種旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)樓(lou)梯(ti)沒有中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)支撐(cheng),支撐(cheng)點(dian)(dian)在(zai)樓(lou)梯(ti)的底部和上(shang)部,主(zhu)要靠樓(lou)梯(ti)本(ben)身旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)。這(zhe)種樓(lou)梯(ti)的樓(lou)梯(ti)梁一般采用焊接矩形管,踏步(bu)板(ban)(ban)、立(li)板(ban)(ban)均為(wei)10mm鋼板(ban)(ban),要求滿(man)焊。樓(lou)梯(ti)梁的加(jia)工很困(kun)難,因為(wei)實(shi)際上(shang)是空間(jian)曲線,一般是先加(jia)工兩(liang)個立(li)板(ban)(ban),立(li)板(ban)(ban)按實(shi)際放樣要求進行(xing)彎曲成(cheng)型(xing)(xing),在(zai)現(xian)場(chang)安裝內側板(ban)(ban)后,在(zai)現(xian)場(chang)組對另外(wai)三(san)塊板(ban)(ban),并焊接牢固。踏步(bu)板(ban)(ban)和立(li)板(ban)(ban)現(xian)場(chang)安裝和焊接。板(ban)(ban)式(shi)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)樓(lou)梯(ti)是整體(ti)受力(li)模型(xing)(xing),踏步(bu)立(li)板(ban)(ban)和面(mian)板(ban)(ban)與樓(lou)梯(ti)梁剛接,實(shi)際計算(suan)時(shi)(shi),可(ke)在(zai)模型(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)按折(zhe)算(suan)成(cheng)的截面(mian)參(can)數(shu)考慮受力(li)和傳(chuan)遞荷載。這(zhe)種樓(lou)梯(ti)在(zai)滿(man)布荷載時(shi)(shi)為(wei)最不利情況,按此計算(suan)滿(man)足即(ji)可(ke),同(tong)時(shi)(shi)注意對節點(dian)(dian)的 驗算(suan)。