安防監控系統設備包括哪些 安防監控系統的組成部分

安防監控系統設備包括哪些？

以下設備是(shi)視頻監(jian)控系(xi)統(tong)中常用(yong)到的，但(dan)是(shi)不是(shi)都要出現在(zai)一個系(xi)統(tong)中，根據監(jian)控系(xi)統(tong)的規模可能只采用(yong)其中的部(bu)分監(jian)控設備。

一、前端設備

攝像機（網絡型(xing)、半球型(xing)、針孔型(xing)、標準(zhun)槍式、一(yi)體化型(xing)、工業(ye)型(xing)等）

攝(she)像(xiang)機鏡頭（定焦(jiao)、手動(dong)變焦(jiao)、自(zi)動(dong)光圈、電動(dong)變焦(jiao)等(deng)）

攝像機防(fang)護(hu)罩（普通槍型(xing)、球型(xing)、半球型(xing)、防(fang)水型(xing)、防(fang)爆型(xing)、萬能型(xing)等(deng)）

攝像(xiang)機云臺（普通型(xing)、球(qiu)型(xing)內置、重載型(xing)、防水防爆型(xing)、萬向云臺等）

解碼器-------室(shi)外(wai)、室(shi)內(nei)、普通(tong)、防爆、內(nei)置(zhi)等

紅外燈-------LED型、惰性氣(qi)體、激光(guang)等

等等……

二、傳輸設備

光纖

普通射頻電纜

控制電纜

電源電纜

光纖收發器

光端機

485信號(hao)轉換器

視頻信號放大器

防雷模塊

等等……

三、控制設備

矩陣（數字、模擬、VGA、RGB、多媒(mei)體）

控制鍵盤

控制碼發生器

控制碼轉換器

畫面處理器

PC式錄像(xiang)機

嵌入式錄像機

普(pu)通模(mo)擬長延時錄像機

數(shu)字(zi)矩(ju)陣（軟(ruan)件＋解碼卡(ka)）

時間字符發生器

視頻分配器

視頻放大器

云臺鏡頭控制器

信號轉換器（RS-232轉485）

等等……

四、顯示設備

CRT監視器

液晶監視器

電視墻

硬質背投

普通投影幕

VGA監視器

等等……

五、附屬設備、配件

UPS電源

交換機

路由器

控制臺

機柜

鍍鋅管

蛇皮管

PVC塑料管(guan)

聚乙烯尼龍管

Q九頭(tou)、RJ45頭

開關電源

線卡

PVC線槽

橋架

安防監控系統組成部分

對于(yu)(yu)安防(fang)監(jian)控系統(tong)(tong)(tong)，根(gen)據系統(tong)(tong)(tong)各部(bu)分功能的(de)不同，我(wo)們將整(zheng)個(ge)安防(fang)監(jian)控系統(tong)(tong)(tong)劃分為七層(ceng)——表(biao)現(xian)層(ceng)、控制層(ceng)、處理層(ceng)、傳輸層(ceng)、執行(xing)層(ceng)、支撐(cheng)層(ceng)、采(cai)集層(ceng)。當然，由于(yu)(yu)設備(bei)集成(cheng)化越(yue)來越(yue)高(gao)，對于(yu)(yu)部(bu)分系統(tong)(tong)(tong)而言(yan)，某些設備(bei)可能會同時以多(duo)個(ge)層(ceng)的(de)身份存在(zai)于(yu)(yu)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)中。

一、表現層

表現(xian)城是我們最直觀感受(shou)到的(de)，它展現(xian)了(le)整個安防(fang)監控系(xi)統的(de)品(pin)質。如監控電(dian)(dian)視墻(qiang)、監視器、高音報警喇叭、報警自動(dong)駁接電(dian)(dian)話等等都屬于這(zhe)一(yi)層。

二、控制層

控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)層是(shi)(shi)整(zheng)個(ge)安防監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)核心，它是(shi)(shi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)科(ke)技水(shui)平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)最明(ming)確體現。通常我們的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方式(shi)有兩(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)——模(mo)擬控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和數(shu)(shu)字(zi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。模(mo)擬控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)早期的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方式(shi)，其控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臺(tai)通常由(you)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器或者模(mo)擬控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矩陣構成，適用于小(xiao)型局部安防監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方式(shi)成本(ben)較(jiao)低，故(gu)障率較(jiao)小(xiao)。但(dan)對于中大(da)型安防監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)而(er)言，這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)方式(shi)就顯得操作(zuo)復(fu)雜且(qie)無任(ren)何價(jia)格優勢了，這(zhe)(zhe)時我們更(geng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)明(ming)智的(de)(de)(de)選擇(ze)應該是(shi)(shi)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。數(shu)(shu)字(zi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)將工控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計算(suan)機(ji)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)核心，它將復(fu)雜的(de)(de)(de)模(mo)擬控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)操作(zuo)變(bian)(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)簡(jian)單的(de)(de)(de)鼠標(biao)點(dian)擊操作(zuo)，將巨大(da)的(de)(de)(de)模(mo)擬控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器堆(dui)疊縮小(xiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)工控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計算(suan)機(ji)，將復(fu)雜而(er)數(shu)(shu)量龐大(da)的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)纜變(bian)(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)根(gen)串行電(dian)話線。它將中遠(yuan)程(cheng)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)變(bian)(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)事實、為(wei)(wei)(wei)Internet遠(yuan)程(cheng)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)提供方便。但(dan)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)不是(shi)(shi)那么十全十美(mei)，控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)價(jia)格比(bi)較(jiao)昂(ang)貴、模(mo)塊浪費的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)、系(xi)統(tong)(tong)可能出現全線崩潰的(de)(de)(de)危(wei)機(ji)、控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)較(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)滯后(hou)等等問(wen)題仍然存(cun)在。

三、處理層

處理層(ceng)或許(xu)該稱為(wei)音(yin)視(shi)頻(pin)處理層(ceng)，它將有(you)傳輸層(ceng)送過來(lai)的音(yin)視(shi)頻(pin)信號加以分(fen)配、放大(da)、分(fen)割等(deng)等(deng)處理，有(you)機的將表現層(ceng)與控制層(ceng)加以連接。音(yin)視(shi)頻(pin)分(fen)配器(qi)、音(yin)視(shi)頻(pin)放大(da)器(qi)、視(shi)頻(pin)分(fen)割器(qi)、音(yin)視(shi)頻(pin)切換器(qi)等(deng)等(deng)設(she)備(bei)都屬于這一層(ceng)。

四、傳輸層

傳(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)層(ceng)相當于安(an)防(fang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)血脈。在小型安(an)防(fang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)中，我(wo)們(men)最常見的(de)(de)傳(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)層(ceng)設備(bei)是(shi)(shi)視(shi)頻線(xian)、音頻線(xian)，對于中遠程監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)而言，我(wo)們(men)常使(shi)用的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)射頻線(xian)、微波，對于遠程監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)而言，我(wo)們(men)通常使(shi)用Internet這一(yi)(yi)廉(lian)價載體。值得一(yi)(yi)提的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)，新出現的(de)(de)傳(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)層(ceng)介質(zhi)(zhi)——網線(xian)/光纖。大多數(shu)人在數(shu)字(zi)安(an)防(fang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)上存(cun)在一(yi)(yi)個誤(wu)區，他(ta)們(men)認為控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)層(ceng)使(shi)用的(de)(de)數(shu)字(zi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)安(an)防(fang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)數(shu)字(zi)安(an)防(fang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)了，其實(shi)不然。純數(shu)字(zi)安(an)防(fang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)介質(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)定是(shi)(shi)網線(xian)或光纖。信號(hao)(hao)從采集層(ceng)出來時，就(jiu)已(yi)經調制(zhi)成(cheng)數(shu)字(zi)信號(hao)(hao)了，數(shu)字(zi)信號(hao)(hao)在目前(qian)已(yi)趨(qu)成(cheng)熟的(de)(de)網絡上跑，理論上是(shi)(shi)無(wu)衰減的(de)(de)，這就(jiu)保證遠程監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)圖像的(de)(de)無(wu)損失顯示，這是(shi)(shi)模擬傳(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)無(wu)法比擬的(de)(de)。當然，高性能的(de)(de)回報也需要高成(cheng)本(ben)的(de)(de)投(tou)入，這是(shi)(shi)純數(shu)字(zi)安(an)防(fang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)無(wu)法普(pu)及最重要的(de)(de)原因之一(yi)(yi)。

五、執行層

執行層(ceng)是我們(men)控制(zhi)指令(ling)(ling)的(de)命令(ling)(ling)對(dui)象，在某些時候(hou)，它和我們(men)后面(mian)所說的(de)支撐誠、采集層(ceng)不太(tai)好截然(ran)分開，我們(men)認為受控對(dui)象即為執行層(ceng)設(she)備(bei)。比如：云臺、鏡頭、解碼器、球等(deng)等(deng)。

六、支撐層

顧(gu)名思(si)義(yi)，支撐(cheng)層(ceng)是(shi)用于后端設備的支撐(cheng)，保(bao)護和支撐(cheng)采集層(ceng)、執行層(ceng)設備。它包括支架、防護罩等等輔助設備。

七、采集層

采集層是(shi)整(zheng)個安防監(jian)控系(xi)統品(pin)質好(hao)壞的(de)關(guan)鍵因(yin)素，也是(shi)系(xi)統成本開銷最大的(de)地方(fang)。它包(bao)括鏡頭、攝(she)像(xiang)機、報警傳感器等等。