繼電器接(jie)線圖(tu) 繼電器工作原(yuan)理

繼電器工作原理

下面，我們先來看下繼電器的接(jie)線圖，了解下它的工作原理。

繼電器接線圖

從(cong)上圖(tu)可以(yi)看(kan)出，繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器一般(ban)由鐵(tie)芯(xin)、線圈、銜(xian)鐵(tie)、觸(chu)點簧片(pian)等組成的。接(jie)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)源后(hou)(hou)，會產(chan)生電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)效應(ying)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)力就會吸引(yin)銜(xian)鐵(tie)，讓它接(jie)觸(chu)到鐵(tie)芯(xin)，帶動銜(xian)鐵(tie)的常閉觸(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)與常開(kai)觸(chu)點吸合，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)流切(qie)斷(duan)后(hou)(hou)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)的吸力也就沒有了，銜(xian)鐵(tie)就又返回(hui)到原來的位(wei)置，將電(dian)(dian)(dian)路切(qie)斷(duan)。

一般繼電器工作原理(li)和特(te)性是：

繼電(dian)(dian)器是(shi)一(yi)種電(dian)(dian)子(zi)控(kong)制(zhi)器件(jian)，它具有控(kong)制(zhi)系統(tong)（又稱輸入(ru)回路）和被(bei)控(kong)制(zhi)系統(tong)（又稱輸出回路），通常(chang)應(ying)用于自(zi)動(dong)控(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)路中，它實(shi)際上(shang)是(shi)用較(jiao)小的(de)電(dian)(dian)流去控(kong)制(zhi)較(jiao)大電(dian)(dian)流的(de)一(yi)種“自(zi)動(dong)開關(guan)”。故(gu)在電(dian)(dian)路中起著自(zi)動(dong)調節(jie)、安全(quan)保護、轉換(huan)電(dian)(dian)路等作用。

作為(wei)控制(zhi)元件，概括(kuo)起來(lai)，繼電(dian)器(qi)有(you)如下幾(ji)種(zhong)作用：

繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)作(zuo)用主要有放大(da)，用一個很(hen)(hen)微小的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流，就可(ke)以控(kong)制很(hen)(hen)大(da)功率的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)，還(huan)能擴大(da)控(kong)制范(fan)圍，在信號達(da)到(dao)(dao)某一定值(zhi)時(shi)，可(ke)以按觸點組的(de)(de)不同形式，同時(shi)換(huan)接、開(kai)斷、接通多路(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian) 路(lu)(lu)，達(da)到(dao)(dao)自動開(kai)關的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。

除了上述功能之外，繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)的作用還有很多(duo)，它(ta)可以與其他(ta)電(dian)器(qi)一起(qi)組成程序控(kong)制線路(lu)，實(shi)現自(zi)動化運行，在(zai)此同時，它(ta)還將(jiang)信號綜合起(qi)來，當多(duo)個(ge)控(kong)制信號按規定的形式輸(shu)入多(duo)繞組繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)時，經過(guo)比較綜合，達到預定的控(kong)制效果。

目前市面上普遍使用(yong)的是電(dian)磁繼電(dian)器居多，所(suo)以(yi)我(wo)重點(dian)講(jiang)講(jiang)這個。

電磁繼電器工作原理和特性

電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)式繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)一般由鐵(tie)芯、線(xian)圈、銜(xian)(xian)鐵(tie)、觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)簧片等組成的(de)(de)(de)(de)。只要在線(xian)圈兩端加上一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓，線(xian)圈中就會流(liu)過一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，從而(er)產生電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)效應，銜(xian)(xian)鐵(tie)就會在電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)力(li)(li)吸(xi)(xi)引的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)下克服(fu)返回彈簧的(de)(de)(de)(de)拉力(li)(li)吸(xi)(xi)向鐵(tie)芯，從而(er)帶(dai)動(dong)銜(xian)(xian)鐵(tie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)與靜觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)（常開觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)）吸(xi)(xi)合。當線(xian)圈斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)后，電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)的(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)力(li)(li)也隨之(zhi)消失，銜(xian)(xian)鐵(tie)就會在彈簧的(de)(de)(de)(de)反作用(yong)(yong)力(li)(li)返回原(yuan)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)位置，使(shi)動(dong)觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)與原(yuan)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)靜觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)（常閉觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)）吸(xi)(xi)合。這樣吸(xi)(xi)合、釋放，從而(er)達到了在電(dian)(dian)路(lu)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)導通(tong)、切斷(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)。

電(dian)磁式繼電(dian)器是應用(yong)得最早、最多的一種型式。其(qi)結構及(ji)工作原理(li)與接(jie)觸器大體(ti)相同。 由電(dian)磁系統、觸點(dian)(dian)系統和釋放彈簧等組(zu)成，。由于繼電(dian)器用(yong)于控(kong)制電(dian)路，流(liu)過觸點(dian)(dian)的電(dian)流(liu)比較小(一般5A以下(xia))，故不(bu)需要滅弧裝置。

按電(dian)(dian)磁鐵線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)匝(za)數(shu)的多少(shao)可(ke)分為(wei)電(dian)(dian)壓繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)器和電(dian)(dian)流繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)器；若線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)匝(za)數(shu)多、阻(zu)抗大，可(ke)直(zhi)接跨接在電(dian)(dian)源上，則稱為(wei)電(dian)(dian)壓繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)器；若線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)匝(za)數(shu)少(shao)，阻(zu)抗小，線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)可(ke)以(yi)和負(fu)載（例如電(dian)(dian)動機的某一相）串(chuan)聯起來，則稱為(wei)電(dian)(dian)流繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)器。

光提繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)也許您(nin)會感(gan)到(dao)有些(xie)陌生(sheng)，其(qi)實(shi)它(ta)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路里(li)的(de)(de)開(kai)關作(zuo)用(yong)，或者(zhe)更(geng)廣義地說是(shi)(shi)“控制(zhi)”作(zuo)用(yong)，卻(que)是(shi)(shi)經常(chang)見(jian)到(dao)的(de)(de)。例如，每當汽車(che)轉彎的(de)(de)時候，它(ta)頭上(shang)的(de)(de)一只“眼睛”——指(zhi)示(shi)燈(deng)就(jiu)忽閃忽閃地亮著，這就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)在起作(zuo)用(yong)。無軌電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)車(che)頭上(shang)的(de)(de)控制(zhi)箱里(li)，總是(shi)(shi)噼里(li)啪啦(la)地響著，那(nei)是(shi)(shi)許多繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)在繁(fan)忙地工(gong)作(zuo)，控制(zhi)著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)車(che)的(de)(de)快慢和(he)啟停(ting)。您(nin)拿(na)起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話機撥上(shang)一個(ge)號碼，很快就(jiu)和(he)您(nin)要通(tong)話的(de)(de)對方(fang)接(jie)通(tong)了。這是(shi)(shi)誰的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)呢(ni)？還是(shi)(shi)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，就(jiu)拿(na)我們經常(chang)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)日(ri)光燈(deng)來說吧，那(nei)里(li)的(de)(de)啟動器(qi)(qi)其(qi)實(shi)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)一只繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)。

其實(shi)生(sheng)活在繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)無(wu)處(chu)不(bu)在。細心的(de)您(nin)是否留(liu)意過商場、超市的(de)自動扶梯，大多數(shu)自動扶梯都有(you)(you)這樣(yang)的(de)情況：如(ru)果上面(mian)有(you)(you)人時運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)速度較(jiao)快，如(ru)果上面(mian)沒有(you)(you)人時運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)比(bi)較(jiao)緩慢，這背(bei)后就是繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)功勞。生(sheng)活中(zhong)一些常見的(de)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)上也都有(you)(you)繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)身影，比(bi)如(ru)電(dian)(dian)話、揚聲器(qi)、冰箱、空調等(deng)等(deng)。

以上例子將(jiang)繼電器的重要(yao)性凸顯無疑(yi)，那怎(zen)么選(xuan)購好的繼電器呢(ni)？

1、選擇電(dian)(dian)磁式繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)線(xian)圈的(de)額定(ding)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)：用晶體(ti)管(guan)或集成電(dian)(dian)路驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)的(de)直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)磁繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)，其線(xian)圈額定(ding)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(一般(ban)為(wei)吸(xi)合電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)2倍)應(ying)在(zai)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)路的(de)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)范圍之內。

2、選擇電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁式繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)接(jie)點(dian)類型(xing)及接(jie)點(dian)負(fu)荷：同一種(zhong)型(xing)號的(de)(de)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)通常有多種(zhong)接(jie)點(dian)的(de)(de)形式可(ke)供選用(yong)(電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)有：單組(zu)接(jie)點(dian)、雙(shuang)組(zu)接(jie)點(dian)、多組(zu)接(jie)點(dian)及常開式接(jie)點(dian)、常閉式接(jie)點(dian)等)，應選用(yong)適合應用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)接(jie)點(dian)類型(xing)。

3、選擇(ze)電(dian)(dian)磁式繼電(dian)(dian)器線圈電(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)：選用電(dian)(dian)磁式繼電(dian)(dian)器時，首先應(ying)選擇(ze)繼電(dian)(dian)器線圈電(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)是交流還是直(zhi)流。繼電(dian)(dian)器的額定工(gong)作電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)一般(ban)應(ying)小于(yu)或等(deng)于(yu)其(qi)控(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)路的工(gong)作電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。

4、選(xuan)擇電(dian)磁(ci)式繼電(dian)器(qi)(qi)合(he)適的(de)(de)體積：繼電(dian)器(qi)(qi)體積的(de)(de)大小(xiao)通常與繼電(dian)器(qi)(qi)接點負荷的(de)(de)大小(xiao)有關，選(xuan)用多大體積的(de)(de)繼電(dian)器(qi)(qi)，還應根據應用電(dian)路的(de)(de)要求(qiu)而定。