芒果视频

電容器行業簡介

一、電容器是什么元件

電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)是儲存電(dian)量和電(dian)能(neng)(neng)（電(dian)勢能(neng)(neng)）的(de)(de)元件。一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)導(dao)體被另一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)導(dao)體所(suo)包圍，或者由一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)導(dao)體發出的(de)(de)電(dian)場(chang)線全部終(zhong)止在另一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)導(dao)體的(de)(de)導(dao)體系(xi)，稱為電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)。當電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)兩個(ge)(ge)(ge)極(ji)(ji)板之(zhi)間加(jia)上(shang)(shang)電(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)，電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)就會儲存電(dian)荷。電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)量在數值上(shang)(shang)等于一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)導(dao)電(dian)極(ji)(ji)板上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)電(dian)荷量與兩個(ge)(ge)(ge)極(ji)(ji)板之(zhi)間的(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)之(zhi)比。電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)量的(de)(de)基本單(dan)位是法拉（F）。在電(dian)路圖中通常用字母C表示電(dian)容(rong)(rong)元件。

電(dian)容器是(shi)電(dian)子(zi)設備中大量使用(yong)的(de)電(dian)子(zi)元件(jian)之一，所以被(bei)廣泛應用(yong)于隔直、耦合、旁路、濾(lv)波、調諧(xie)回路、能(neng)(neng)量轉換或儲能(neng)(neng)、控制電(dian)路等方面(mian)。隨著新材料，新技術的(de)出現，大容量的(de)電(dian)容可(ke)能(neng)(neng)會代替(ti)可(ke)充電(dian)電(dian)池，而(er)廣泛應用(yong)于各個領域(yu)。

二、電容器的種類有哪些

根據分析統計，電容器主要分為以下10類：

1、按照結(jie)構分三(san)大(da)類：固定電容(rong)器、可變電容(rong)器和微調電容(rong)器。

2、按電(dian)介質分類：有機介質電(dian)容(rong)器、無機介質電(dian)容(rong)器、電(dian)解電(dian)容(rong)器、電(dian)熱(re)電(dian)容(rong)器和空(kong)氣介質電(dian)容(rong)器等(deng)。

3、按用途(tu)分(fen)有：高(gao)頻旁路(lu)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)、低(di)頻旁路(lu)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)、濾波電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)、調諧電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)、高(gao)頻耦(ou)合電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)、低(di)頻耦(ou)合電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)、小(xiao)型(xing)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)。

4、按制造材料(liao)的(de)不同(tong)可以分為(wei)：瓷介電(dian)容、滌綸電(dian)容、電(dian)解電(dian)容、鉭電(dian)容，還有先進的(de)聚丙烯電(dian)容等等。

5、高頻(pin)旁路：陶瓷電(dian)容(rong)器、云母電(dian)容(rong)器、玻璃(li)膜電(dian)容(rong)器、滌綸電(dian)容(rong)器、玻璃(li)釉電(dian)容(rong)器。

6、低頻(pin)旁路：紙介電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)、陶瓷電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)、鋁電(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)、滌(di)綸(lun)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)。

7、濾波(bo)：鋁電解電容器、紙介(jie)電容器、復(fu)合紙介(jie)電容器、液體鉭電容器。

8、調諧(xie)：陶瓷電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)、云母(mu)電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)、玻(bo)璃膜(mo)電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)、聚苯乙烯(xi)電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)。

9、低耦合：紙介電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器、陶瓷電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器、鋁電(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器、滌(di)綸電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器、固體鉭(tan)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器。

10、小型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)：金屬化(hua)紙介電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)、陶瓷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)、鋁電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)、聚苯乙烯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)、固體鉭電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)、玻(bo)璃釉電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)、金屬化(hua)滌(di)綸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)、聚丙烯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)、云母(mu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)。

三、電路中電容的作用

1、隔直流：作用是阻止(zhi)直流通過而讓交(jiao)流通過。

2、旁路（去(qu)耦）：為交流(liu)電路中某些(xie)并聯的元(yuan)件提供低阻抗通路。

3、耦合(he)：作為兩個電(dian)路之間的(de)(de)連接，允許交流(liu)信號(hao)通過并傳輸到下一級電(dian)路。用(yong)電(dian)容做耦合(he)的(de)(de)元(yuan)件，是為了(le)將前(qian)級信號(hao)傳遞到后一級，并且隔斷前(qian)一級的(de)(de)直流(liu)對后一級的(de)(de)影響(xiang)，使電(dian)路調(diao)試簡單，性能(neng)穩定。

4、濾(lv)波：這(zhe)(zhe)個對電路而言(yan)很重要，CPU背后的電容(rong)基(ji)本都是這(zhe)(zhe)個作(zuo)用。

5、溫度(du)補償(chang)：針對(dui)其它元件對(dui)溫度(du)的適應性不夠帶(dai)來的影響，而進行(xing)補償(chang)，改(gai)善(shan)電路(lu)的穩(wen)定性。

6、計時：電(dian)容器與電(dian)阻器配合使(shi)用(yong)，確(que)定電(dian)路的時間常數。

7、調諧：對與頻率相關的電路進行系統調諧，比如手(shou)機(ji)、收音機(ji)、電視(shi)機(ji)。

8、整流(liu)：在預定(ding)的時間開(kai)或者關(guan)半閉(bi)導體開(kai)關(guan)元件。

9、儲能(neng)：儲存電能(neng)，用于必須要的(de)時候釋(shi)放。例如相(xiang)機(ji)閃光燈，加熱設備等(deng)等(deng)。如今電容的(de)儲能(neng)水(shui)平已接(jie)近(jin)鋰(li)電池(chi)的(de)水(shui)準。

四、電容的工作原理

電(dian)(dian)(dian)容的工作(zuo)原理(li)是通過在電(dian)(dian)(dian)極上儲存電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷儲存電(dian)(dian)(dian)能，通常與電(dian)(dian)(dian)感器共同使用形成LC振(zhen)蕩電(dian)(dian)(dian)路。電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷在電(dian)(dian)(dian)場中會受力而移動，當導體之間有了介質，則(ze)阻礙了電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷移動而使得電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷累(lei)積(ji)在導體上，造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的累(lei)積(ji)儲存。

電容器與電池類似，也具有兩個電極。在品牌電容器內部，這兩(liang)個電極分(fen)別(bie)連接到被(bei)電介(jie)質隔開的兩(liang)塊金屬板(ban)上(shang)。電介(jie)質可(ke)以是(shi)空(kong)氣、紙張、塑料或其(qi)他任何不導電并(bing)能防止這兩(liang)個金屬極相互接觸的物質。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器上與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)負極(ji)相(xiang)連的金屬(shu)板將(jiang)吸收電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)產生的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器上與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)正極(ji)相(xiang)連的金屬(shu)板將(jiang)向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)釋(shi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子。

五、電容單位怎么換算

在國際單(dan)位(wei)制里(li)，電(dian)容的單(dan)位(wei)是法拉，簡稱法，符號是F，由于(yu)法拉這個單(dan)位(wei)太大(da)，所(suo)以常用(yong)的電(dian)容單(dan)位(wei)有毫法（mF）、微法（μF）、納法（nF）和皮法（pF）等(deng)，換算(suan)關系是：

1法拉（F）=1000毫法（mF）=1000000微法（μF）。1微法（μF）=1000納法（nF）=1000000皮法（pF）。

電容與(yu)電池容量的關系：1伏安時(shi)=1瓦時(shi)=3600焦耳。