一、高壓電容器是什么

高壓電容器是(shi)指出線(xian)瓷(ci)套管(guan)、電(dian)容元件(jian)組和外殼等組成的一類(lei)電(dian)容器。高壓電(dian)容器具有耗損低、質量輕的特(te)點。

二、高壓電容器結構

高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)主要(yao)由出線(xian)瓷(ci)(ci)套(tao)管(guan)(guan)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)元件(jian)(jian)組(zu)和(he)外殼(ke)等組(zu)成。外殼(ke)由薄鋼板(ban)密封焊(han)接而成，出線(xian)瓷(ci)(ci)套(tao)管(guan)(guan)焊(han)接在外殼(ke)上。接線(xian)端子從出線(xian)瓷(ci)(ci)套(tao)管(guan)(guan)中引出。外殼(ke)內的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)元件(jian)(jian)組(zu)（又稱為(wei)(wei)芯子）由若(ruo)干個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)元件(jian)(jian)連(lian)接而成。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)元件(jian)(jian)是由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)紙、膜紙復(fu)合或(huo)純薄膜作為(wei)(wei)工(gong)作介質(zhi)，用鋁鉑作極板(ban)卷制而成的(de)。為(wei)(wei)適應(ying)各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)耐壓(ya)的(de)要(yao)求，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)元件(jian)(jian)可串聯(lian)或(huo)并聯(lian)。單(dan)臺三相電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)客元件(jian)(jian)組(zu)在外殼(ke)內部接成三角(jiao)形。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為(wei)(wei)10kV及以下(xia)的(de)高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)內，每個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)元件(jian)(jian)上都串有一(yi)個熔絲，作為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)內部短(duan)路(lu)保護。有些(xie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)設有放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網斷(duan)開后，能夠通過放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，一(yi)般(ban)情況下(xia)10min后電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)殘壓(ya)可降至75V以下(xia)。

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三、高壓電容器作用

高壓電容器具(ju)有(you)耗損(sun)低、質(zhi)量輕的特點，主要作用(yong)有(you)：

1、在(zai)輸(shu)(shu)電線(xian)路中，利用高壓電容器可(ke)以組成(cheng)串補站，提高輸(shu)(shu)電線(xian)路的輸(shu)(shu)送能力。

2、在大型變(bian)電站(zhan)中，利用(yong)高(gao)(gao)壓電容器(qi)可以組成靜止型相控電抗器(qi)式動態無功補償裝置（SVC），提(ti)高(gao)(gao)電能質量。

3、在配電(dian)線路末(mo)端(duan)，利用高壓(ya)電(dian)容器可以提高線路末(mo)端(duan)的功率(lv)因數(shu)，保障線路末(mo)端(duan)的電(dian)壓(ya)質量。

4、在變(bian)電站(zhan)的(de)中、低壓(ya)(ya)各段(duan)母線(xian)，均裝有(you)高壓(ya)(ya)電容器，以補償負荷消(xiao)耗的(de)無(wu)功(gong)，提高母線(xian)側的(de)功(gong)率因數。

5、在有非線(xian)性負荷的負荷終端站，也會(hui)裝(zhuang)設(she)高(gao)壓電容(rong)器，作(zuo)為濾(lv)波用。

四、高壓電容器運行要求

1、電容(rong)器應(ying)有標出基本參數等內(nei)容(rong)的(de)制(zhi)造廠銘牌。

2、電容器金(jin)屬外殼應有明顯接地標志，其外殼應與金(jin)屬架構(gou)共同接地。

3、電(dian)容器周圍環境無易(yi)燃、易(yi)爆危險，無劇烈沖擊和震動。

4、電容(rong)器應有溫(wen)度(du)測量設(she)備，可在(zai)適當(dang)部位(wei)安裝溫(wen)度(du)計或貼(tie)示(shi)溫(wen)蠟片。一般情(qing)況下(xia)，環境溫(wen)度(du)在(zai)+40℃之問時(shi)，充礦物油的電容(rong)器允許溫(wen)升(sheng)(sheng)為(wei)(wei)50℃，充硅油的電容(rong)器允許溫(wen)升(sheng)(sheng)為(wei)(wei)55℃。

5、電容器應(ying)有合格的放(fang)電設備。

6、允許過電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓：電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器組在(zai)日常(chang)運(yun)行時(shi)(shi)，可(ke)在(zai)1.1倍額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓下長期運(yun)行。對(dui)于瞬時(shi)(shi)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，時(shi)(shi)間較短時(shi)(shi)根據過電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時(shi)(shi)間限定(ding)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓倍數(shu)。

7、允許(xu)過(guo)電(dian)流：電(dian)容器組允許(xu)在(zai)1.3倍額定電(dian)流下長期運(yun)行。

五、高壓電容器注意事項

1、正常情況下，全變電所停電操作時，應先拉開高壓電容器支路(lu)的(de)(de)斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)器(qi)(qi)，再(zai)拉開其他(ta)各(ge)支路(lu)的(de)(de)斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)器(qi)(qi)；恢復全變電所送電時的(de)(de)操作順序與(yu)停電操作相(xiang)反，應先(xian)閉合各(ge)支路(lu)的(de)(de)斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)器(qi)(qi)，最后閉合高壓電容器(qi)(qi)組的(de)(de)斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)器(qi)(qi)。事故情況下，全站無電后，必(bi)須將高壓電容器(qi)(qi)組的(de)(de)支路(lu)斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)器(qi)(qi)先(xian)斷(duan)(duan)開。

2、并聯電容器(qi)(qi)組(zu)斷路器(qi)(qi)跳閘后(hou)不準強送電。熔(rong)體(ti)熔(rong)斷后(hou)，在未查明原因之前，不可更換熔(rong)體(ti)后(hou)恢復送電。

3、高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)禁(jin)止在自身帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷時(shi)合(he)閘。如果電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)本(ben)身有(you)存儲電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷，將它接入交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)兩端(duan)所承受的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)就會超過其(qi)額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。如果電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)剛斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)又合(he)閘，因電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)本(ben)身有(you)存儲的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)所承受的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)可能達到兩倍以(yi)上的(de)(de)額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)峰值，這(zhe)不僅有(you)害于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)，更可能燒斷(duan)熔斷(duan)器(qi)或使(shi)斷(duan)路器(qi)跳閘，以(yi)防產生(sheng)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)組再次(ci)合(he)閘，應在其(qi)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)3min后進行(xing)。