一、高壓電容器是什么

高壓電容器是指(zhi)出線瓷套(tao)管、電容(rong)元件組(zu)和外殼等組(zu)成的一類電容(rong)器。高(gao)壓電容(rong)器具有(you)耗損(sun)低、質量輕的特點。

二、高壓電容器結構

高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)主要由(you)(you)出線(xian)(xian)瓷(ci)套(tao)管(guan)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)元(yuan)件(jian)組和外殼等(deng)組成(cheng)(cheng)。外殼由(you)(you)薄鋼板(ban)密封焊(han)接(jie)而成(cheng)(cheng)，出線(xian)(xian)瓷(ci)套(tao)管(guan)焊(han)接(jie)在(zai)外殼上。接(jie)線(xian)(xian)端子從出線(xian)(xian)瓷(ci)套(tao)管(guan)中引出。外殼內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)元(yuan)件(jian)組（又稱為芯子）由(you)(you)若干個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)元(yuan)件(jian)連接(jie)而成(cheng)(cheng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)元(yuan)件(jian)是(shi)由(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)紙(zhi)、膜(mo)紙(zhi)復(fu)合或純薄膜(mo)作為工作介(jie)質，用(yong)鋁鉑作極板(ban)卷制而成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)。為適應各種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等(deng)級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)耐壓的(de)(de)(de)要求，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)元(yuan)件(jian)可(ke)串聯或并聯。單臺三相電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)客元(yuan)件(jian)組在(zai)外殼內(nei)(nei)部接(jie)成(cheng)(cheng)三角(jiao)形。在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為10kV及以(yi)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)內(nei)(nei)，每個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)元(yuan)件(jian)上都串有(you)(you)一個(ge)熔絲，作為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)部短路保護。有(you)(you)些電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)設(she)有(you)(you)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網斷開后，能夠通過(guo)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，一般情況下(xia)10min后電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)殘壓可(ke)降至(zhi)75V以(yi)下(xia)。

該圖片由注冊用戶"天空之城"提供，版權聲明反饋

三、高壓電容器作用

高壓(ya)電容器具有耗損低(di)、質量輕的特點，主要作用有：

1、在輸電線(xian)路中，利(li)用高壓電容(rong)器(qi)可以(yi)組成串補站，提高輸電線(xian)路的輸送能力(li)。

2、在大型(xing)變(bian)電站中，利用高壓電容器可以組成靜止型(xing)相控(kong)電抗(kang)器式動態(tai)無功補(bu)償裝置（SVC），提高電能質(zhi)量。

3、在(zai)配電線路末(mo)端，利用高(gao)壓電容器(qi)可以提高(gao)線路末(mo)端的(de)功(gong)率因數，保障線路末(mo)端的(de)電壓質量(liang)。

4、在變電站(zhan)的中、低(di)壓各段母(mu)線，均裝有高壓電容(rong)器，以補償負荷消耗的無功(gong)，提高母(mu)線側的功(gong)率(lv)因數。

5、在(zai)有(you)非線(xian)性負荷的負荷終端站，也會裝設高壓電容器(qi)，作為濾波用。

四、高壓電容器運行要求

1、電容(rong)器應有標出基本參數(shu)等內(nei)容(rong)的制造(zao)廠銘牌(pai)。

2、電容器金(jin)屬外(wai)殼應有(you)明(ming)顯(xian)接(jie)地(di)(di)標(biao)志，其外(wai)殼應與金(jin)屬架構共同接(jie)地(di)(di)。

3、電容器周(zhou)圍環(huan)境無(wu)易燃、易爆危險，無(wu)劇烈沖擊和震動。

4、電容器(qi)應有溫度(du)測量(liang)設(she)備，可在適當(dang)部位安裝溫度(du)計(ji)或貼示溫蠟片。一般(ban)情(qing)況下，環境(jing)溫度(du)在+40℃之(zhi)問時，充礦物油(you)的電容器(qi)允許(xu)溫升(sheng)(sheng)為(wei)50℃，充硅油(you)的電容器(qi)允許(xu)溫升(sheng)(sheng)為(wei)55℃。

5、電容器應有合格的放電設備。

6、允許過電壓：電容器組(zu)在日常運行時(shi)，可在1.1倍(bei)額(e)定(ding)電壓下長期(qi)運行。對于瞬時(shi)過電壓，時(shi)間(jian)較短時(shi)根(gen)據(ju)過電壓時(shi)間(jian)限定(ding)過電壓倍(bei)數。

7、允許過電(dian)流：電(dian)容器組(zu)允許在1.3倍額定電(dian)流下長期運行。

五、高壓電容器注意事項

1、正常情況下，全變電所停電操作時，應先拉開高壓電容器支(zhi)路(lu)的(de)斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，再拉開其他(ta)各(ge)支(zhi)路(lu)的(de)斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)；恢復全變電(dian)(dian)所(suo)送(song)電(dian)(dian)時的(de)操作順序(xu)與停電(dian)(dian)操作相反(fan)，應(ying)先閉(bi)合(he)各(ge)支(zhi)路(lu)的(de)斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，最后(hou)閉(bi)合(he)高壓電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組的(de)斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。事故(gu)情況下，全站無電(dian)(dian)后(hou)，必(bi)須將高壓電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組的(de)支(zhi)路(lu)斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)先斷(duan)(duan)開。

2、并聯電(dian)容器組斷路器跳閘后不準強(qiang)送電(dian)。熔(rong)體熔(rong)斷后，在(zai)未(wei)查(cha)明(ming)原(yuan)因(yin)之(zhi)前，不可更換熔(rong)體后恢復送電(dian)。

3、高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)禁止在自身帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)時合閘(zha)。如果電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)本(ben)身有(you)存儲電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)，將它接入(ru)交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)兩(liang)端所承(cheng)受的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓就會超過其(qi)額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。如果電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)剛(gang)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)又合閘(zha)，因(yin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)本(ben)身有(you)存儲的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所承(cheng)受的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓可能達到兩(liang)倍以(yi)上的額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓峰值(zhi)，這(zhe)不僅有(you)害于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，更可能燒(shao)斷(duan)熔斷(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)或使(shi)斷(duan)路器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)跳閘(zha)，以(yi)防產生過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組再次合閘(zha)，應在其(qi)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)3min后進行。