一、天平秤的原理是什么
天(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)秤是(shi)用來稱(cheng)量物(wu)(wu)體(ti)重(zhong)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)衡(heng)(heng)器(qi),它(ta)有兩(liang)(liang)種原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)理(li):1、機械(xie)式(shi)(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)秤原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)理(li):機械(xie)式(shi)(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)秤就是(shi)常說的(de)(de)(de)(de)托(tuo)盤天(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping),它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)理(li)主要利用的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)杠(gang)(gang)桿(gan)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)理(li),確切來說,托(tuo)盤天(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)利用的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)等臂杠(gang)(gang)桿(gan)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)理(li),天(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)橫(heng)梁就是(shi)一個(ge)杠(gang)(gang)桿(gan),在(zai)杠(gang)(gang)桿(gan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)端(duan)各有一小盤,左(zuo)端(duan)放物(wu)(wu)體(ti)、右端(duan)放砝碼,杠(gang)(gang)桿(gan)中(zhong)央(yang)裝有指針,兩(liang)(liang)端(duan)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)時,兩(liang)(liang)端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(重(zhong)量)相(xiang)等,根據砝碼的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)量即(ji)可(ke)得知物(wu)(wu)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)量。2、電(dian)子(zi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)秤原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)理(li):電(dian)子(zi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)秤的(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)理(li)和托(tuo)盤天(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)不同(tong),它(ta)利用的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)電(dian)磁力(li)補償平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)理(li),實(shi)質也是(shi)一種杠(gang)(gang)桿(gan)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng),只是(shi)在(zai)杠(gang)(gang)桿(gan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一端(duan)采用了電(dian)磁力(li),當稱(cheng)盤上(shang)加載稱(cheng)物(wu)(wu)m2時,杠(gang)(gang)桿(gan)偏離零位(wei),此時零位(wei)指示(shi)器(qi)有偏差信(xin)號產生,經過放大(da)(da)器(qi)和調節器(qi)等一系列轉(zhuan)換后(hou),使線圈的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)流(liu)I增大(da)(da),電(dian)磁力(li)矩右也將(jiang)一起增大(da)(da),杠(gang)(gang)桿(gan)回到原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)來平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)位(wei)置,即(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)零位(wei),最后(hou)把電(dian)信(xin)號處(chu)理(li)成(cheng)為數字信(xin)號,數顯(xian)在(zai)顯(xian)示(shi)屏上(shang)。
二、天平秤的作用
天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)秤是用(yong)來(lai)測量物(wu)體重量的(de)衡器,它的(de)主要作用(yong)就是稱一些小(xiao)計量物(wu)品,一般用(yong)于科研機構(gou)、學校(xiao)實驗(yan)室、藥店等場所,根據不同(tong)的(de)精(jing)度可分為(wei)普(pu)通天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)、精(jing)密天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)和分析天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping);除此之(zhi)外(wai),一些計量部(bu)門、商檢部(bu)門也會用(yong)天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)秤來(lai)檢查或(huo)校(xiao)準(zhun)砝碼,這種稱為(wei)檢定天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)。
三、天平秤怎么使用
1、機(ji)(ji)械天(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)秤的(de)使(shi)(shi)用方法(fa):(1)將(jiang)托盤(pan)(pan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)放(fang)置(zhi)(zhi)在水平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)的(de)地方,游(you)(you)碼(ma)指(zhi)向紅色0刻(ke)度線(xian)。(2)調(diao)節(jie)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡螺母(mu)(mu)(天(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)兩端的(de)螺母(mu)(mu))調(diao)節(jie)零點直至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)指(zhi)針對(dui)準中(zhong)央(yang)刻(ke)度線(xian)直至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)橫梁水平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)位置(zhi)(zhi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡。(小口(kou)訣:放(fang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)移零調(diao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡,螺母(mu)(mu)調(diao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)反指(zhi)針/走高端。)(3)左托盤(pan)(pan)放(fang)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)物,右(you)托盤(pan)(pan)放(fang)砝碼(ma)。根(gen)據稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)物的(de)性狀,放(fang)在玻璃器(qi)皿或潔凈的(de)紙上(shang)(shang),事先應(ying)(ying)在同一天(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)上(shang)(shang)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)得玻璃器(qi)皿或紙片的(de)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),然(ran)后稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)待(dai)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)物質。(4)砝碼(ma)用鑷子夾取,千(qian)萬不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)把砝碼(ma)弄濕、弄臟(這(zhe)樣會(hui)讓(rang)砝碼(ma)生銹,砝碼(ma)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)變大(da),測量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)結果(guo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)準確(que)),游(you)(you)碼(ma)也要用鑷子撥(bo)動(dong)。(5)添(tian)加砝碼(ma)從估計稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)物的(de)最大(da)值(zhi)加起(qi),逐(zhu)步(bu)減(jian)(jian)小。托盤(pan)(pan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)只能(neng)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)準到0.1克。加減(jian)(jian)砝碼(ma)并移動(dong)標尺上(shang)(shang)的(de)游(you)(you)碼(ma),直至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)指(zhi)針再(zai)次對(dui)準中(zhong)央(yang)刻(ke)度線(xian)。(小口(kou)訣:先估后測,左物右(you)碼(ma),由大(da)到小,后移游(you)(you)碼(ma))(6)過(guo)冷過(guo)熱的(de)物體(ti)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)放(fang)在天(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)上(shang)(shang)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),應(ying)(ying)先在干(gan)燥(zao)器(qi)內(nei)放(fang)置(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)室溫后再(zai)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。(7)物體(ti)的(de)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)=砝碼(ma)的(de)總質量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)+游(you)(you)碼(ma)在標尺上(shang)(shang)所對(dui)的(de)刻(ke)度值(zhi)。(M左=M右(you)+M游(you)(you))2、電子天(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)秤的(de)使(shi)(shi)用方法(fa):(1)調(diao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping):多種天(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)開機(ji)(ji)前,應(ying)(ying)觀察天(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)后部(bu)水平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)儀內(nei)的(de)水泡(pao)是否(fou)(fou)位于圓環(huan)的(de)中(zhong)央(yang),否(fou)(fou)則通過(guo)天(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)的(de)地腳(jiao)螺栓調(diao)節(jie),左旋(xuan)升高,右(you)旋(xuan)下降(jiang)。(2)預(yu)熱:天(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)在初次接(jie)通電源或長時(shi)間斷電后開機(ji)(ji)時(shi),至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)少(shao)需要30分(fen)鐘的(de)預(yu)熱時(shi)間。因此,實(shi)驗室電子天(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)在通常情況下,不(bu)(bu)(bu)要經常切(qie)斷電源。(3)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang):按(an)下ON/OFF鍵,接(jie)通顯示(shi)(shi)器(qi),等待(dai)儀器(qi)自檢(jian)。當顯示(shi)(shi)器(qi)顯示(shi)(shi)零時(shi),自檢(jian)過(guo)程結束,天(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)可(ke)進行稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang);放(fang)置(zhi)(zhi)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)紙,按(an)顯示(shi)(shi)屏兩側的(de)Tare鍵去皮,待(dai)顯示(shi)(shi)器(qi)顯示(shi)(shi)零時(shi),在稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)紙加所要稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)試劑(ji)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)完(wan)畢,按(an)ON/OFF鍵,關斷顯示(shi)(shi)器(qi)。
四、電子天平多少錢一臺
電子天平是新型的天平秤,是工業制造業和化學實驗室常用稱量儀器之一,具有稱量快捷、使用方便等諸多優點,它有分析天平、精密天平、普通天平等不同精度等級的產品,價格也有所不同,一般根據不同的量程、品牌、功能等方面,價格從一兩百元一臺到兩三萬元一臺不等。購買天平秤的時候,要注意根據測量需求選擇合適精度的產品,并注意看電子天平秤的做工、配件和性能等方面,選擇優質的天平秤品牌產品。