耐火磚有重質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和輕質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之分，輕質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有比重、材(cai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之分。重質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有堿性(xing)、酸性(xing)、中性(xing)之分。那么，窯爐內襯怎么選用合(he)適的耐火磚呢？

1、首(shou)先要(yao)(yao)考慮材質，選擇什(shen)么材質要(yao)(yao)看爐子的(de)溫(wen)度、侵蝕程度和性(xing)質。然后再(zai)看是(shi)(shi)輕(qing)(qing)(qing)質和重質的(de)，如果(guo)是(shi)(shi)輕(qing)(qing)(qing)質的(de)，也要(yao)(yao)看溫(wen)度再(zai)選定用輕(qing)(qing)(qing)質黏土磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)或是(shi)(shi)輕(qing)(qing)(qing)質高鋁(lv)(lv)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)，溫(wen)度大(da)于1300℃的(de)保溫(wen)層(ceng)，就要(yao)(yao)選莫來石聚輕(qing)(qing)(qing)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)或是(shi)(shi)高鋁(lv)(lv)聚輕(qing)(qing)(qing)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)了(le)，如果(guo)直(zhi)接(jie)接(jie)觸火焰就要(yao)(yao)選用剛玉莫來石聚輕(qing)(qing)(qing)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)或是(shi)(shi)氧化(hua)鋁(lv)(lv)空(kong)心球磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)了(le)。

2、如(ru)果(guo)是(shi)工作層，就(jiu)(jiu)要(yao)考慮(lv)重質耐(nai)火(huo)磚(zhuan)，還是(shi)先看(kan)溫度，如(ru)果(guo)溫度在1000℃，不大于1100℃，就(jiu)(jiu)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)黏土磚(zhuan)，如(ru)果(guo)大于1200℃，就(jiu)(jiu)要(yao)選(xuan)(xuan)擇高(gao)(gao)鋁磚(zhuan)，當(dang)然(ran)溫度在1300-1350℃，要(yao)選(xuan)(xuan)擇一級(ji)高(gao)(gao)鋁磚(zhuan)，1200℃選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)二(er)級(ji)高(gao)(gao)鋁磚(zhuan)，或是(shi)三級(ji)高(gao)(gao)鋁磚(zhuan)。1500℃以上(shang)就(jiu)(jiu)得用(yong)剛玉耐(nai)火(huo)磚(zhuan)了。

3、另外要(yao)考慮到窯爐(lu)內襯(chen)是(shi)(shi)酸(suan)性(xing)(xing)氣氛還(huan)是(shi)(shi)堿(jian)性(xing)(xing)氛，酸(suan)性(xing)(xing)氣場就要(yao)選(xuan)(xuan)擇硅磚(zhuan)。如果(guo)玻(bo)璃窯池，那就是(shi)(shi)鋯質澆注耐(nai)(nai)火磚(zhuan)系列。如果(guo)是(shi)(shi)堿(jian)性(xing)(xing)氣氛要(yao)選(xuan)(xuan)擇堿(jian)性(xing)(xing)耐(nai)(nai)火磚(zhuan)，也(ye)就是(shi)(shi)鎂(mei)質耐(nai)(nai)火磚(zhuan)系列。

4、還要(yao)(yao)考慮(lv)的(de)(de)是設計(ji)的(de)(de)耐(nai)火磚磚型(xing)(xing)尺寸，要(yao)(yao)滿足筑爐(lu)操作還必須考慮(lv)耐(nai)火磚的(de)(de)生產方便(bian)，因為耐(nai)火磚在(zai)成型(xing)(xing)工(gong)序是否能(neng)機壓成型(xing)(xing)、耐(nai)火磚的(de)(de)尺寸太(tai)長，不能(neng)機壓成型(xing)(xing)，手(shou)工(gong)成型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)耐(nai)火磚強度(du)低(di)于機壓成型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)耐(nai)火磚，強度(du)低(di)勢(shi)必影(ying)響耐(nai)火磚的(de)(de)使用(yong)壽(shou)命。所以選擇(ze)耐(nai)火磚既要(yao)(yao)考慮(lv)方便(bian)筑爐(lu)操作，又要(yao)(yao)方便(bian)耐(nai)火磚生產廠家制造(zao)。當然(ran)，設計(ji)最好用(yong)國(guo)家在(zai)標的(de)(de)型(xing)(xing)號。

像鼓風爐爐身上部(bu)(bu)用黏土磚(zhuan)砌(qi)筑(zhu)(zhu)；中部(bu)(bu)用鎂(mei)(mei)磚(zhuan)，鎂(mei)(mei)鉻磚(zhuan)或鎂(mei)(mei)鉻磚(zhuan)砌(qi)筑(zhu)(zhu)；爐身下部(bu)(bu)及(ji)風口區溫度(du)為1300℃用高鋁磚(zhuan)，單個部(bu)(bu)位(wei)在1500℃，運用條件嚴苛的(de)選(xuan)用細密黏土磚(zhuan)，高鋁磚(zhuan)或鎂(mei)(mei)鉻磚(zhuan)。爐缸用鎂(mei)(mei)磚(zhuan)，鎂(mei)(mei)鉻磚(zhuan)砌(qi)筑(zhu)(zhu)。

鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)鋅(xin)密閉鼓風爐，是(shi)處理鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)鋅(xin)氧化礦或鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)鋅(xin)的新爐型，是(shi)直接鍛煉出產(chan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)和(he)鋅(xin)，爐缸和(he)爐腰選用(yong)鎂鉻(ge)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)砌(qi)筑，爐頂及與鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)霧室(shi)銜接處用(yong)致密黏土(tu)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)砌(qi)筑，側墻用(yong)黏土(tu)結(jie)合碳化硅磚(zhuan)(zhuan)砌(qi)筑。鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)鋅(xin)別離室(shi)的底和(he)頂用(yong)致密黏土(tu)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)砌(qi)筑。鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)液流槽和(he)出鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)槽的槽底，用(yong)二級高鋁(lv)耐(nai)火磚(zhuan)(zhuan)砌(qi)筑，槽壁(bi)用(yong)鎂鉻(ge)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)或鉻(ge)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)砌(qi)筑。

總(zong)之，選用(yong)(yong)耐火磚是根據不(bu)同(tong)(tong)爐(lu)型、不(bu)同(tong)(tong)溫度、不(bu)同(tong)(tong)侵蝕程度而選用(yong)(yong)的。