曹(cao)州百(bai)(bai)花(hua)園(yuan)(yuan)位于(yu)菏澤市(shi)牡(mu)(mu)丹區的(de)洪(hong)廟村北部。1958年(nian)正式建(jian)園(yuan)(yuan),定名“洪(hong)廟花(hua)園(yuan)(yuan)”。1982年(nian)政府撥(bo)款重建(jian),命(ming)名“百(bai)(bai)花(hua)園(yuan)(yuan)”。“曹(cao)州百(bai)(bai)花(hua)園(yuan)(yuan)”原名“萬(wan)花(hua)村”,有(you)(you)(you)“精品(pin)(pin)(pin)牡(mu)(mu)丹園(yuan)(yuan)”之(zhi)稱,有(you)(you)(you)珍貴百(bai)(bai)年(nian)以(yi)上高齡牡(mu)(mu)丹百(bai)(bai)余(yu)株(zhu)。始建(jian)于(yu)明朝嘉靖年(nian),歷經滄桑,傳奇頗多。1982年(nian),胡耀邦總(zong)書記視察后(hou),政府撥(bo)專款進行了重建(jian),現在園(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)面積100余(yu)畝(mu),種植觀賞牡(mu)(mu)丹20萬(wan)株(zhu),觀賞芍藥10萬(wan)株(zhu)。園(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)修(xiu)建(jian)了新(xin)(xin)穎別(bie)致的(de)大門和(he)接待樓,鋪(pu)設了水泥嵌卵石的(de)游(you)覽路線。面積約6.7平方公里,有(you)(you)(you)牡(mu)(mu)丹品(pin)(pin)(pin)種560多個(ge),12萬(wan)余(yu)株(zhu),芍藥六萬(wan)余(yu)株(zhu),300多個(ge)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種。園(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)優(you)良品(pin)(pin)(pin)種薈萃(cui),既(ji)有(you)(you)(you)傳統名品(pin)(pin)(pin),又(you)有(you)(you)(you)許多自(zi)育(yu)的(de)性狀(zhuang)優(you)良的(de)新(xin)(xin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種。其中出名的(de)新(xin)(xin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種有(you)(you)(you)“春紅妖艷”“景玉”“銀紅球” 和(he)“百(bai)(bai)園(yuan)(yuan)粉”等(deng);還有(you)(you)(you)從日本引(yin)進的(de)一些品(pin)(pin)(pin)種。該園(yuan)(yuan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種眾(zhong)多;由于(yu)面積相對較(jiao)小(xiao),展示較(jiao)為集中,又(you)有(you)(you)(you)自(zi)己的(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種特色,吸引(yin)了國內(nei)外大量游(you)客。
百花(hua)(hua)園面(mian)積面(mian)積畝(mu),植(zhi)牡(mu)丹(dan)十二萬多(duo)株(zhu),560個(ge)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),芍(shao)(shao)藥(yao)(yao)六萬余(yu)株(zhu),300多(duo)個(ge)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),以傳統(tong)稀有(you)珍貴品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多(duo),花(hua)(hua)色齊全,分布合理(li)便(bian)于(yu)觀(guan)賞而出名。同時培育出牡(mu)丹(dan)新(xin)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)賽雪塔、春紅(hong)嬌艷、銀紅(hong)球、百園粉等數十種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),具(ju)有(you)很高的觀(guan)賞價值(zhi)。因而百花(hua)(hua)園又有(you)“品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)園”之稱。十幾年(nian)來,百花(hua)(hua)園牡(mu)丹(dan)不(bu)僅在(zai)杭州(zhou)、蘇州(zhou)、廣州(zhou)、上海(hai)等城(cheng)市舉辦(ban)大(da)型(xing)牡(mu)丹(dan)展,而且(qie)與日(ri)、美(mei)、新(xin)加坡、荷(he)蘭、臺灣(wan)等國家和地區(qu)開(kai)展交流,引進日(ri)本的金(jin)寶、金(jin)閣(ge)、花(hua)(hua)王、太(tai)陽等品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。百花(hua)(hua)園東倚220國道,南靠市區(qu),交通方便(bian)。擁有(you)牡(mu)丹(dan)、芍(shao)(shao)藥(yao)(yao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)苗繁育基地2300余(yu)畝(mu),每年(nian)向國內外提供優質種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)苗200余(yu)萬株(zhu)。現有(you)高、中(zhong)級技(ji)術人員32人,生產、管理(li)人員450人,是曹州(zhou)牡(mu)丹(dan)觀(guan)賞重點園區(qu)和商(shang)品(pin)牡(mu)丹(dan)、芍(shao)(shao)藥(yao)(yao)生產、輸出主要(yao)基地。
精品牡丹編輯
百(bai)花(hua)園(yuan)(yuan)以牡(mu)丹名貴(gui)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁多(duo)而被譽為“牡(mu)丹珍品(pin)園(yuan)(yuan)”。黃、紅(hong)(hong)(hong)、蘭、白、黑(hei)、綠(lv)、紫、粉、復色(se)(se)九大(da)色(se)(se)系(xi),達560余(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。自己培育(yu)的(de)(de)“賽雪塔(ta)”、“春紅(hong)(hong)(hong)嬌艷”、“青龍鎮寶(bao)”、“似品(pin)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)”、“墨(mo)池爭輝”、“綠(lv)幕隱玉(yu)”“景玉(yu)”、“喬子紅(hong)(hong)(hong)”、“曹州紅(hong)(hong)(hong)”、“向陽(yang)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)”、“百(bai)園(yuan)(yuan)奇觀”、“萬花(hua)爭春”等35個(ge)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),珍惜傳統(tong)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)“姚黃”、“蘭寶(bao)石”、“梨(li)花(hua)雪”、“掌花(hua)案”等,先后獲(huo)國(guo)家(jia)科技成果(guo)《優(you)秀獎》、《新品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)獎》、《優(you)質獎》27項。培育(yu)的(de)(de)“八仙聚會(hui)”一株多(duo)色(se)(se),堪稱一絕;引種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)數十種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)日(ri)本牡(mu)丹,色(se)(se)、香別具(ju),爭放異(yi)彩(cai)。是世博會(hui)獲(huo)獎較多(duo)的(de)(de)單位(wei),被譽為“菏澤牡(mu)丹精品(pin)園(yuan)(yuan)”。曹州百(bai)花(hua)園(yuan)(yuan)集國(guo)內外觀賞芍(shao)藥優(you)良品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)300余(yu)個(ge),八色(se)(se)俱全,“黃金(jin)輪”、“紅(hong)(hong)(hong)銀針”、“菊峰”、“楊妃(fei)出浴(yu)”等皆為芍(shao)藥中之珍品(pin)。
百(bai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)園(yuan)內現存明代白(bai)牡(mu)(mu)(mu)丹(dan)(dan)一株“玉翠荷花(hua)(hua)(hua)”,花(hua)(hua)(hua)粉色、荷花(hua)(hua)(hua)型(xing),此(ci)花(hua)(hua)(hua)系明萬歷三十八年(1610)進(jin)士(shi)工部(bu)尚書何(he)應瑞家花(hua)(hua)(hua)園(yuan)培育。該株高丈(zhang)余,冠5米(mi)。每(mei)年著(zhu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)達(da)400余朵。目前(qian)為中國(guo)牡(mu)(mu)(mu)丹(dan)(dan)中株型(xing)較大,株齡較古老(lao)的(de)牡(mu)(mu)(mu)丹(dan)(dan)樹之王(wang)。觀賞者(zhe)皆稱“牡(mu)(mu)(mu)丹(dan)(dan)王(wang)”。該園(yuan)有百(bai)年高齡牡(mu)(mu)(mu)丹(dan)(dan)百(bai)余多株,是中國(guo)較多的(de)百(bai)年牡(mu)(mu)(mu)丹(dan)(dan)王(wang)群(qun)。
百花(hua)園(yuan)獨(du)占地利,牡(mu)丹開(kai)花(hua)早謝花(hua)遲。牡(mu)丹花(hua)開(kai)后(hou),芍藥(yao)相繼而開(kai)。園(yuan)內(nei)集國內(nei)外觀賞芍藥(yao)優良(liang)品種(zhong)300多(duo)個,八色俱全(quan)。“楊妃出浴”、“學峰(feng)”、“紅艷(yan)飛霜”、“紫(zi)鳳朝陽(yang)”、“烏(wu)龍(long)探海”、“西施(shi)粉”、“蘭花(hua)魁”、“五花(hua)龍(long)玉”、“黃(huang)金(jin)絲”、“黃(huang)金(jin)輪(lun)”等(deng),其色、香(xiang)、型(xing)與(yu)牡(mu)丹爭輝,皆為花(hua)中珍品。該(gai)園(yuan)芍藥(yao)種(zhong)苗和(he)鮮切(qie)花(hua),倍(bei)受全(quan)國各地和(he)歐美各國青(qing)睞。
百花(hua)園內(nei)世界獨有太(tai)空(kong)(kong)牡(mu)(mu)丹(dan)(dan)——2002年9月栽(zai)植于山東菏(he)澤曹(cao)州百花(hua)園的(de)太(tai)空(kong)(kong)牡(mu)(mu)丹(dan)(dan)種(zhong)子(zi),2003年發芽,共存28株活苗。2006年,2株太(tai)空(kong)(kong)牡(mu)(mu)丹(dan)(dan)首(shou)度(du)開(kai)花(hua),比(bi)一般(ban)牡(mu)(mu)丹(dan)(dan)開(kai)花(hua)提前了(le)1至2年。2007年,開(kai)花(hua)太(tai)空(kong)(kong)牡(mu)(mu)丹(dan)(dan)增(zeng)加(jia)到15株,開(kai)花(hua)30多朵。2008年,開(kai)花(hua)太(tai)空(kong)(kong)牡(mu)(mu)丹(dan)(dan)增(zeng)加(jia)到20株。與普通牡(mu)(mu)丹(dan)(dan)相比(bi),太(tai)空(kong)(kong)牡(mu)(mu)丹(dan)(dan)表現出(chu)出(chu)土早(zao)、長(chang)勢強、植株生長(chang)快、枝干壯、開(kai)花(hua)早(zao)、花(hua)期(qi)長(chang)、色彩艷麗等特(te)點。
落(luo)戶中國(guo)牡(mu)丹之都菏(he)澤(ze)百(bai)花(hua)園十(shi)年,“太(tai)空牡(mu)丹”一(yi)直(zhi)備受(shou)關注(zhu)。4月(yue)19日,曹州百(bai)花(hua)園內的(de)“太(tai)空牡(mu)丹”盛開,眾多游人駐足欣賞。牡(mu)丹專家孫景(jing)玉(yu)介紹,經過(guo)十(shi)年的(de)呵護,“太(tai)空牡(mu)丹”已有50余株,今年首次花(hua)開700余朵,共八種花(hua)色,目(mu)前(qian)已經進(jin)入盛花(hua)期(qi)(qi),花(hua)期(qi)(qi)可持續至5月(yue)初(chu)。
“太空牡丹”2002年落戶我市后,一直由牡丹專家孫景玉精心培育。4月19日,記者來到曹州百花園,50余株“太空牡丹”花開迎賓,花色有白、紅、粉藍、紫紅、墨紫等八種。其中一株紫紅色系的“太空牡丹”,花瓣直徑超過20CM。孫景玉告訴記者,“太空牡丹”4月16日開花,19日進入盛花期,目前正是觀花的好(hao)時期。
據了解,2002年(nian)2月(yue)(yue)25日(ri)至4月(yue)(yue)1日(ri),200粒牡(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)丹(dan)種(zhong)子(zi)搭載神州三(san)號(hao)飛(fei)船進入(ru)太(tai)空,歷時(shi)6天(tian)零18小時(shi),繞地球飛(fei)行108圈,這(zhe)是我國(guo)(guo)首次在(zai)失重條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)對牡(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)丹(dan)進行變(bian)異實驗。當年(nian)9月(yue)(yue),這(zhe)批種(zhong)子(zi)播種(zhong)于中國(guo)(guo)牡(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)丹(dan)之都菏澤曹(cao)(cao)州百花(hua)(hua)園。為擴(kuo)大(da)“太(tai)空牡(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)丹(dan)”種(zhong)植規(gui)模,2008年(nian)秋,牡(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)丹(dan)技術人員對長勢好(hao)(hao)、花(hua)(hua)型好(hao)(hao)、顏色(se)好(hao)(hao)的(de)四(si)個品種(zhong)的(de)20多(duo)株“太(tai)空牡(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)丹(dan)”嫁接在(zai)其他牡(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)丹(dan)上,新嫁接牡(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)丹(dan)成活(huo)22株,曹(cao)(cao)州百花(hua)(hua)園里的(de)“太(tai)空牡(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)丹(dan)”總數(shu)達50余株。
“跟著飛船上(shang)太(tai)空(kong)(kong)轉了一(yi)(yi)圈(quan),這牡(mu)(mu)丹有啥(sha)不一(yi)(yi)樣?”看(kan)到展示牌上(shang)的(de)介紹,游客詢問。孫景玉(yu)說(shuo),與普(pu)通牡(mu)(mu)丹相比(bi),“太(tai)空(kong)(kong)牡(mu)(mu)丹”表(biao)現出長(chang)勢強、枝干壯、遺傳基因明(ming)顯(xian)等特(te)點。正常牡(mu)(mu)丹栽種四至(zhi)七(qi)年開(kai)花,而“太(tai)空(kong)(kong)牡(mu)(mu)丹”栽種三年便(bian)有一(yi)(yi)株首度花開(kai),比(bi)一(yi)(yi)般牡(mu)(mu)丹提前約兩年;“太(tai)空(kong)(kong)牡(mu)(mu)丹”的(de)花徑、花蕾(lei)比(bi)同(tong)齡的(de)普(pu)通牡(mu)(mu)丹也要(yao)大(da),目前較大(da)的(de)一(yi)(yi)株高1.2米;花色比(bi)較鮮(xian)艷(yan),花期也比(bi)普(pu)通牡(mu)(mu)丹長(chang)幾天。